Double Genitive and Possessive Forms in English

19,684 views ใƒป 2022-01-27

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi everyone. I'm Jennifer from English withย  Jennifer. Can I ask you a question? Who do youย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
00:08
take after? Meaning, who do you look like or actย  like? Do people say you're the spitting image ofย ย 
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๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ฆ‰, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฆ์กฐํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์นจ ๋ฑ‰๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
00:15
your great-grandmother? Are you tall like yourย  grandfather? Maybe you view the world like yourย ย 
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? ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฌ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š” ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:22
father or you're easy going like your mother. Iย  have my mother's laugh, and my sneeze is loud justย ย 
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํƒœํ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์ฑ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
00:30
like my father's. I also picked up habits from myย  grandmother. One habit of hers was making lists:ย ย 
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์žฌ์ฑ„๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์Šต๊ด€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
a packing list before a trip, a shoppingย  list, a to-do list, you name it.
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์—ฌํ–‰ ์ „ ์ง ์‹ธ๊ธฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก, ์‡ผํ•‘ ๋ชฉ๋ก, ํ•  ์ผ ๋ชฉ๋ก ๋“ฑ.
00:46
Of course, we're all unique individuals, but we'reย  also an interesting combination of the traits weย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:52
inherited. Right? That's something to thinkย  about. Well, another thing I'd like to inviteย ย 
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. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์Œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:57
you to reflect on is how we use possessive forms.ย  In this lesson, we'll look at phrases like these:ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:05
just like my father's, one habit of hers. Let'sย  study odd uses of possessive nouns and pronouns.
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. ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:21
I told you that my sneeze is loud just like myย  father's. I didn't have a noun after "father's,"ย ย 
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๋‚ด ์žฌ์ฑ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์žฌ์ฑ„๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ž–์•„์š” . "์•„๋ฒ„์ง€" ๋’ค์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:29
but I think you knew what I was referring to.ย  Right? My father's sneeze. Sometimes we omitย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์žฌ์ฑ„๊ธฐ. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:37
or leave out a noun after a possessive formย  because it's understood. This practice has a nameย ย 
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์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๋’ค์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋žตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๊ด€ํ–‰์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด
01:45
ellipsis. I have a whole lesson on omitting words,ย  and I'll put the link in the video description.ย ย 
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์ค„์ž„ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์–ด ์ƒ๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Look at these sentences and tell me which wordsย  I omitted. My answer is different from Carla's.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋‚ด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ Carla์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
02:07
I have my cell phone rightย  here. That must be Bradley's.
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๋‚ด ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ž˜๋“ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค.
02:15
My room is here on the right.ย  Nolan's is on the left.ย ย 
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์ œ ๋ฐฉ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†€๋ž€์ด ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
And Mom and Dad's room is upstairs. They convertedย  the whole attic into a really awesome suite.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—„๋งˆ ์•„๋น ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์€ ์œ„์ธต์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „์ฒด ๋‹ค๋ฝ๋ฐฉ์„ ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์Šค์œ„ํŠธ๋ฃธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Nolan's what? Nolan's room. It's understood.
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๋†€๋ž€์€? ๋†€๋ž€์˜ ๋ฐฉ. ์ดํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
By the way, do you understand that the momย  and dad share a room or have separate rooms?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์—„๋งˆ ์™€ ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
02:46
They share a room together. Right?ย  Don't forget that we only need 'sย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
02:52
after the second name if twoย  people own something together.
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋’ค์— 's'๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
02:59
And while we're talking about the placementย  of the apostrophe, how do we make a nounย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
03:04
possessive if it's actually a group ofย  words, like father-in-law or my in-laws?
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์‹œ๋Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:14
Easy. Just stick 's after the last word in theย  group, as in "my father-in-law's business,"ย ย 
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์‰ฌ์šด. "๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์‚ฌ์—…",
03:22
"my in-laws address."
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"๋‚˜์˜ ์ธ์ฒ™ ์ฃผ์†Œ"์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์— '๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Let's do a very quick review of possessive nouns.ย  If you have a personal noun, meaning the name ofย ย 
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์†Œ์œ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์นญ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
03:33
a person, then use 's: Jennifer's habit.ย  If the name ends in -s, you have a choice:ย ย 
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's: Jennifer์˜ ์Šต๊ด€'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฆ„์ด -s๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฅผ
03:42
add 's or just the apostrophe. Whichever patternย  you choose, be consistent. Jess's cousin.ย ย 
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋“  ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ.
03:52
It sounds the same no matter which way youย  write it. For a family name, make it pluralย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋“  ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ 
03:59
and then add an apostrophe: the Lebedevs' dog.ย  The patterns are similar for common nouns,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: the Lebedevs' dog. ํŒจํ„ด์€
04:07
like the singular noun "boy": the boy's bike. Andย  the plural noun "girls": the girl's friendship.ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ 'boy'(์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ 'girls': ์†Œ๋…€์˜ ์šฐ์ •.
04:17
The exception is an irregular pluralย  noun like "women": women's rights.
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์˜ˆ์™ธ๋Š” '์—ฌ์„ฑ'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ: ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ „ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š”
04:26
Let's try a quick task toย  practice that earlier patternย ย 
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
04:29
where we omit a word after a possessiveย  noun. Some call it an independent genitive.ย ย 
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. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Complete my sentence with your own words.ย  Put your statement in the comments.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ง๋กœ ๋‚ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:46
Here's my example. I have my father'sย  eyes, but my nose is just like my mother's.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ”๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๋‹ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Here's another instance where we leaveย  out a noun after a possessive form.ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๋’ค์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:01
Guess where I was in this photo.ย  Do you recognize these ladies?
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด ์ˆ™๋…€๋ถ„์„ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:09
I was at Andreia's. When I first started filmingย  the Basic English series, we met at Andreia'sย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” Andreia 's์—์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Basic English ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Andreia์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:15
home. Then the two ladies moved in together,ย  so we started to film at Flavia and Andreia's.
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ”๊ณ  Flavia์™€ Andreia์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ดฌ์˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Some call this the local genitive. Weย  use a possessive name all by itself,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์—ญ ์†๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
05:31
and we understand it's a location: their place,ย  their home, their house, their apartment.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ, ์ง‘, ์ง‘, ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
If there's a party at my place,ย  what might you tell others?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์—์„œ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
05:47
"Hey! There's a party at Jennifer's. Let's go!"
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"์•ผ! ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๋„ค์—์„œ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด. ๊ฐ€์ž!"
05:53
We also use the local genitiveย  to talk about places of business,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:57
like a doctor's office. When youย  have a dental exam, where do you go?
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. ์น˜๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์š”?
06:04
To the dentist's. And when youย  have an eye exam, where do you go?
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์น˜๊ณผ์—. ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์š”?
06:11
To the eye doctor's.
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์•ˆ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ. ์˜ค๋„ˆ์™€ ์…ฐํ”„์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ด
06:15
Have you ever noticed how many restaurants andย  cafรฉs are named after the owner and chef? Sal's.ย ย 
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์นดํŽ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š” ? ์‚ด.
06:22
Mama Lita's.
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๋งˆ๋งˆ ๋ฆฌํƒ€์Šค.
06:26
Even if the full name of the restaurant is Sal'sย  Pizza, frequent guests refer to it as Sa'l's.ย ย 
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด Sal's Pizza์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋‹จ๊ณจ ์†๋‹˜์€ Sa'l's๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
"Let's go to Sal's tonight." And itย  officially may be Mama Lita's Cafรฉ,ย ย 
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"์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค Sal์˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ž." ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” Mama Lita's Cafรฉ์ผ ์ˆ˜
06:40
but a happy customer will say,ย  "Mama Lita's is the best!"
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ "Mama Lita's๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Use of the ellipsis and the local genitiveย  isn't too hard to understand, but I admit theย ย 
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์ค„์ž„ํ‘œ์™€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ค‘
06:51
double genitive is a bit odd. I gave the exampleย  "one habit of hers" when I was talking about myย ย 
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์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ '๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์Šต๊ด€'์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:58
grandmother's love of making lists. The doubleย  genitive is also called the double possessive,ย ย 
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. ์ด์ค‘ ์†๊ฒฉ์€ ์ด์ค‘ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
07:05
and we use "of" plus a possessive noun or pronoun,ย  as in "one of my grandmother's" or "one of hers."
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"one of my grandm's" ๋˜๋Š” "one of hers"์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด "of"์™€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
Super quick review of possessive pronouns: mine,ย  yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs. Remember thatย ย 
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์†Œ์œ  ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ณต์Šต: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs.
07:26
pronouns replace nouns. That means they canย  behave like nouns and be subjects, objects,ย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฆ‰, ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด,
07:34
and complements. Yours is newer. "Yours"ย  is the subject. They fixed mine. "Mine"ย ย 
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๋ณด์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ƒˆ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'Yours'๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ด‘์‚ฐ"์€
07:43
is the object of the verb, the direct object.ย  That's ours. "Ours" is the subject complement.
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ธ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Ours"๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ณด์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
A fairly common use of the double genitiveย  is with "friend" and other words that referย ย 
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์ด์ค‘ ์†๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ '์นœ๊ตฌ' ๋ฐ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
to a social relationship of some kind:ย  a friend of mine, a friend of Vicki's,
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๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ, ๋น„ํ‚ค์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ,
08:09
a colleague of mine, a colleague of Jennifer's.
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๋‚ด ๋™๋ฃŒ, ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ.
08:16
You may ask, "Why can't we just say 'my friend'ย  or 'Vicki's friend'? 'My colleague'? 'Jennifer'sย ย 
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"์™œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ '๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ' ๋˜๋Š” '๋น„ํ‚ค์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”? '๋‚ด ๋™๋ฃŒ'? '์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์˜
08:23
colleague'?" You can. I'm sure you realize byย  now that we often have more than one way toย ย 
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๋™๋ฃŒ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?" ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:31
say the same thing. Sometimes it's a matter ofย  preference. I'd say that "a friend of mine" isย ย 
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. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "a friend of my"๋Š”
08:38
close and meaning to "one of my friends." I haveย  more than one friend, and this is one of them.
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๊ฐ€๊น๊ณ  "๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ ์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
"Friend," "cousin," and "relative" are threeย  words that can easily fit the double genitiveย ย 
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'์นœ๊ตฌ', '์‚ฌ์ดŒ', '์นœ์ฒ™'์€ ์ด์ค‘ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งž์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋‹จ์–ด
08:53
or phrases with "one of": oneย  of his friends, a friend of his,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜'๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
one of her cousins, a cousin of hers, one ofย  our relatives, a relative of ours. Some see noย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์นœ์ฒ™ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์นœ์ฒ™. ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
09:08
difference in meaning. I'd mostly agree with that,ย  but there could be a slightly different emphasis.ย ย 
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์˜๋ฏธ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋™์˜ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์ ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
09:15
"One of" focuses on one member of a group, oneย  friend in his circle of friends, for example.
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'One of'๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›, ์นœ๊ตฌ ์„œํด์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ•œ ๋ช…์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
And if I'm focusing on the quantity, Iย  wouldn't likely use the double genitive.ย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด์ค‘ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
I'd say, "Two of his friends, most ofย  her cousins, some of her relatives."
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์ €๋Š” "๊ทธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋‘ ๋ช…, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ, ์นœ์ฒ™ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
How about the difference betweenย  "my friend" and "a friend of mine"?ย ย 
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'๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ'์™€ '๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ'์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
09:47
There could be a subtle difference between sayingย  "my friend" and "a friend of mine." In my mind,ย ย 
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'๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ'์™€ '๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
09:54
one of these phrases suggests a closerย  relationship. The other one sounds moreย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋”
10:00
casual and possibly suggests more distanceย  between the two of us. Can you guess?
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์บ์ฃผ์–ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ฉ€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ถ”์ธก ํ•  ์ˆ˜?
10:10
"She's my friend." To me, thisย  suggests a solid friendship.
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ ์•ผ." ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์šฐ์ •์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
"She's a friend of mine."
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์•ผ."
10:21
To me, this sounds more casual. Itย  could suggest we're not close friends.
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ์บ์ฃผ์–ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
But that doesn't mean that "of mine" alwaysย  implies a relationship is distant or casual.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ '๋‚ด'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฐ์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
The use of adjectives can clarify howย  close the relationship is. Here's howย ย 
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:41
I might handle some introductions. "I'd likeย  you to meet a close friend of mine, Bridget."ย ย 
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์ œ ์ ˆ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง“์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:48
"Come meet a good friend of mine.ย  You two work in the same field."
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"๋‚˜์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”. ๋‘ ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:54
Which do you think sounds more natural? Sonya isย  a best friend of mine. Sonya is my best friend.
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? Sonya๋Š” ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋ƒ๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
I wouldn't say, "Sonya is a best friend of mine."ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” "์†Œ๋ƒ๋Š” ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
How many best friends do we have? Lots? Uh-uh. Iย  would say, "Sonya is my best friend," or possibly,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋งŽ์ด? ์–ด-์–ด. ์ €๋Š” "Sonya๋Š” ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์•„๋งˆ๋„
11:18
"She is one of my best friends," if I have twoย  perhaps or three. Do you see the difference?
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
11:26
So, would it sound natural to say,ย  "Bridget is a close friend of mine"?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด '๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง“์€ ์ œ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?
11:33
Yes. Because it's common to have a fewย  close friends, that is, more than one.
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์˜ˆ. ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…, ์ฆ‰ ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
Which of these statements clearlyย  mean that I have more than one cousin?
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ด ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
11:51
Only the last two. "If I say Kim is my cousin,"ย  I may have only one. It's not clear. Also,ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ. "๊น€์ด ๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด" ํ•œ ๋ช…๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„. ๋˜ํ•œ
12:01
if Kim is a distant cousin, I'd likely use B: Kimย  is a cousin of mine, but that's my preference.
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Kim์ด ๋จผ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด B๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Kim ์€ ๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด ์ทจํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
So, double genitives canย  be used to identify peopleย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ค‘ ์†๊ฒฉ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:16
and the relationship they have withย  someone. Can you insert the missing nouns?
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. ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:40
Joey Taylor is an old friend of mine.ย  We went to the same high school.
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Joey Taylor๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
I can introduce you to Gabriella.ย  She's an acquaintance of mine.ย ย 
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๊ฐ€๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์—˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ง€์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
We met through a mutual friend.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
A colleague of mine works at XYZ Company.ย  I can reach out to her and get her opinion.
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์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š” XYZ Company์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Here's another subtle differenceย  between the double genitiveย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ด์ค‘ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ
13:07
and an "of" construction. Can you spot it?
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๊ณผ '~์˜' ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:15
I like to draw, but i'm not as talented as Xiaoninย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
13:18
from the YouTube channel The Portrait Art. Heย  drew my portrait several years ago, so this isย ย 
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YouTube ์ฑ„๋„ The Portrait Art์˜ Xiaonin๋งŒํผ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ๋‚ด ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
13:24
a drawing of me. It's a drawing of Jennifer,ย  but it's not my work. It's Xiaonan's work.ย ย 
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๋‚ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Xiaonan์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
He shared a lot of amazing art over the years, andย  if you're familiar with his style, you might seeย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:37
one of his portraits and say, "That's a portraitย  of Xiaonan's. That's a drawing of Xiaonan's."
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™” ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  "๊ทธ๊ฑด Xiaonan์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ฒƒ์€ Xiaonan์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
Okay. So, we talked about using ellipsis, where weย  leave out a noun after a possessive form becauseย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๋’ค์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š” ์ค„์ž„ํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:52
it's understood. And we talked about using theย  local genitive for homes and places of business.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ์— ์ง€์—ญ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
We saw how the double genitive canย  be used for social relationships.
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์ด์ค‘ ์†๊ฒฉ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
Another odd piece of grammarย  is making inanimate nounsย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:10
possessive. We don't normally do this unlessย  the noun is somehow connected to people,ย ย 
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. ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์˜ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘'์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:16
as in "Boston's love of sports" becauseย  the people in Boston love sports.
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.
14:25
But there are set expressionsย  that use possessive forms,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ,
14:28
and you simply have to gain familiarityย  with them. They include these words:ย ย 
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์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
"sake" -- as in "for goodness' sake," "forย  heaven's sake," both of which are expressionsย ย 
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'์‚ฌ์ผ€' -- '์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด', 'ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด'์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ชจ๋‘
14:42
of exasperation, frustration or "for oldย  times' sake," (for the sake of old times).
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๊ฒฉ๋ถ„, ์ขŒ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” '์˜›๋‚ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด '(์˜›๋‚ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด'์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ).
14:52
"Way" -- "out of harm's way," "put someoneย  in harm's way." This refers to danger.ย ย 
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"Way" -- "out of harm's way", "๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋น ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค." ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
How about "nature's way"? haveย  you heard that collocation?
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"์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ธธ"์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
15:06
And expressions of measurement includeย  possessive nouns before the wordย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธก์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์—๋Š”
15:10
"worth," as in "get your money'sย  worth," "a week's worth of food."
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'get your money's value', 'a week's worth of food'์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 'worth'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์•ž์— ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
Here are two final questions for you to answer:ย ย 
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๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
Did you ever go to the movie theater andย  feel like you didn't get your money's worth?
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์˜ํ™”๊ด€์— ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ˆ์ด ์•„๊น๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:31
How much are you willing toย  spend on a week's worth of food?
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ์น˜ ์Œ์‹์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœํ•  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:38
For more uses of possessiveย  nouns, check out my other lesson.ย ย 
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์†Œ์œ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:43
I go over additional units of measurement, andย  I address the question of making inanimate nounsย ย 
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ • ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฌด์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:48
possessive. I'll put the linkย  in the video description.
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. ๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
That's all for now. Please like andย  share the video if you found the lessonย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
15:59
useful. As always, thanks forย  watching and happy studies!
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. ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
16:05
Follow me on Facebook, Twitter, andย  Instagram. Why not join me on Patreon?ย ย 
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Facebook, Twitter, Instagram์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š” . Patreon์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:10
And don't forget to subscribe on YouTube.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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