Compound Modifiers ๐Ÿ”— Advanced Grammar with JenniferESL ๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿฝโ€๐ŸŽ“๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐ŸŽ“

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2019-04-04 ใƒป English with Jennifer


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Compound Modifiers ๐Ÿ”— Advanced Grammar with JenniferESL ๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿฝโ€๐ŸŽ“๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐ŸŽ“

27,646 views ใƒป 2019-04-04

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
One downside of getting older is that what was possible in my youth is no longer possible now.
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ์€ ์ Š์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
I'm not talking about doing cartwheels or climbing trees. In recent years,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:13
I developed a sensitivity to a lot of dyes and fragrances.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ–ฅ๋ฃŒ์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
It's kind of a bummer because I really liked fruit-scented soaps rose-scented lotion and sweet-smelling shampoo.
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๊ณผ์ผํ–ฅ๋น„๋ˆ„,์žฅ๋ฏธํ–ฅ๋กœ์…˜,๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ์ƒดํ‘ธ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ ์ข€ ์•„์‰ฝ๋„ค์š”.
00:26
But I don't like itchy rashes. So I just have to learn how to do without a lot of those scented products.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ ค์šด ๋ฐœ์ง„์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ํ–ฅ ์ œํ’ˆ ์—†์ด ์ง€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Are a lot of your personal care products scented? Are they clear in color or do they have dyes?
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๋งŽ์€ ํผ์Šค๋„ ์ผ€์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ƒ‰์ƒ์ด ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์—ผ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:43
I don't miss the dyes. I just miss the fragrances.
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์—ผ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์šธ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
I don't need my laundry detergent to be blue, and I don't need to put green-and-white toothpaste on my
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์„ธํƒ ์„ธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์ผ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์นซ์†”์— ๋ฐ•ํ•˜ ๋ง›์ด ๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์น˜์•ฝ์„ ๋ฌปํž ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:53
toothbrush to know that it will taste like mint.
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.
00:57
Well, in this video I'm not going to complain the whole time about beauty products and products
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ์šฉ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€
01:03
I can't use, but talking about personal care products gives us some good examples of
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๋งŒ, ํผ์Šค๋„ ์ผ€์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๊ฐœ์งˆ์ œ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:09
compound modifiers. And I think it would be useful for you to review how we form these kinds of adjectives.
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
If you agree, you can like this video.
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๋™์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
I mentioned fruit-scented soaps,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ผ ํ–ฅ ๋น„๋ˆ„,
01:31
rose-scented lotion, and
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์žฅ๋ฏธ ํ–ฅ ๋กœ์…˜,
01:33
sweet-smelling shampoo.
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๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒดํ‘ธ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Those are all examples of compound modifiers.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ •์ž์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
We can often combine words with a hyphen, and the second word of a compound
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
01:45
modifier is often a present or past participle.
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์ข…์ข… ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Which is which? And how do we know to use one and not the other?
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฑด์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:57
Past participles end with -ed if we form them from a regular verb.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด -ed๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Otherwise, we use irregular forms: the third form of a verb, like "grown" or "eaten."
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด "grown" ๋˜๋Š” "eaten"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Past participles can carry a passive meaning.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Someone scented the lotions.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋กœ์…˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Companies sent their lotions.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋กœ์…˜์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
Let's change those from active to passive.
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๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ž.
02:27
The lotions were scented.
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๋กœ์…˜์€ ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
02:29
The lotions are scented.
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๋กœ์…˜์€ ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
"Scented" is the past participle.
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"Scented"๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
How are those lotion scented? What do they smell like? Let's use a noun before the past participle.
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๊ทธ ๋กœ์…˜์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜๋‚˜์š”? ์–ด๋–ค ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋‚˜์š”? ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:45
They're fruit-scented. They're rose-scented.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ์ผ ํ–ฅ์ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋ฏธํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜์š”.
02:50
I remember using pear-scented body spray. That was nice.
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๋ฐฐํ–ฅ ๋ฐ”๋”” ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์•˜์–ด.
02:57
Do you ever use melon- or eucalyptus-scented candles?
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๋ฉœ๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ์นผ๋ฆฝํˆฌ์Šค ํ–ฅ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:03
Notice that if I'm writing and I used two different nouns to form a compound modifier with the same past
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:11
participle, I still need hyphens after both nouns.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‘ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Some compounds are recognized as a single word.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
But looking at them you can tell how they were formed, for example,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
03:28
hand-blown glass.
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์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์–ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
If I'm ever unsure whether to hyphenate a compound modifier or not, I check the dictionary.
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์— ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
For example, "hand-painted." Does it take a hyphen? If you check the dictionary...
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์˜ˆ: "์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ" ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด...
03:45
yes, it does. For example:
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
03:48
hand-painted tiles.
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์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ โ€‹โ€‹ํƒ€์ผ.
03:52
Help me form compound modifiers following this pattern: noun + past participle.
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์ด ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”: ๋ช…์‚ฌ + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ.
04:01
Cooks can infuse oil with citrus flavors like lemon or orange.
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์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋ชฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œํŠธ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค์ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
So what kind of oil do they make?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋‚˜์š”?
04:15
Citrus infused oil.
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์‹œํŠธ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ธํ“จ์ฆˆ๋“œ ์˜ค์ผ.
04:20
Cooks can also toss pizza dough with their hands. So what kind of pizza do they make?
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์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์ž ๋„์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋˜์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
04:30
Hand-tossed pizza.
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์†์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์ง„ ํ”ผ์ž.
04:35
Do you like almonds that are coated in sugar?
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์„คํƒ•์„ ์ž…ํžŒ ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
04:40
Some people do. How can we describe these almonds?
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:48
Sugar-coated almonds.
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์„คํƒ•์„ ์ž…ํžŒ ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ.
04:53
Let's look at another pattern:
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
04:55
adjective + past participle.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ.
04:59
I still love to smell perfumes and scented lotions.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜์™€ ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋กœ์…˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
But if I actually use them on my skin, my happiness would be short-lived. Within a day, I'd probably get a rash.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์•ˆ์— ๋ฐœ์ง„์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Short-lived means it doesn't last for long
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์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์งง๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์งง๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:14
Short-lived.
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.
05:15
adjective + past participle
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ
05:21
Talking about people's personalities, we often use these kinds of compound modifiers.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
What do we call a person with a good nature?
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์„ฑํ’ˆ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:31
Good-natured. A good-natured person.
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์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ.
05:37
Form a few more of these compound modifiers with me. What do we call a person with a hot temper?
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋” ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”. ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:48
Hot-tempered. How about a person who speaks with a soft voice?
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ํ™”๋ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:00
Soft-spoken.
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๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ง.
06:04
What do we call a person whose mind or view is very narrow?
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๋งˆ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:13
Narrow-minded. What's the opposite? Someone whose view or mind is open?
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ํŽธํ˜‘ํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‹œ์•ผ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ?
06:22
Open-minded. What kind of person are you?
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์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์Œ. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:28
I think we can consider these compound modifiers somewhat passive in nature
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:33
because we're talking about the personality that they received from nature. Does that make sense?
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. ๋ง์ด ๋ผ?
06:42
There's one more pattern we use with past participles: adverb + past participle.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋ถ€์‚ฌ + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ.
06:50
For example, a well-behaved child.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ž˜ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด.
06:54
"Well" combines with a lot of different past participles.
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"Well"์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Try forming more compound modifiers with me.
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ฑ…์„
07:04
What do we call a person who has read a lot and is very knowledgeable?
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๋งŽ์ด ์ฝ๊ณ  ๋ฐ•์‹ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:12
Well-read.
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์ž˜ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
A diet that has good variety and balances all the different foods that we need is...
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Œ์‹์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ์‹๋‹จ์€...
07:25
a well-balanced diet.
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๊ท ํ˜• ์žกํžŒ ์‹๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
How about a product that is known very well by many?
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:35
It's...
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.. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด
07:37
a well-known product.
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Of course, other adverbs could fit into this pattern. They just might not be as commonly used as "well."
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋„ ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋งž์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "well"๋งŒํผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
How about a room that has bright light?
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๋ฐ์€ ๋น›์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:56
A brightly lit room.
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๋ฐ์€ ๋ฐฉ.
08:00
Sometimes looking in a dictionary doesn't help me when I want to confirm how a word or phrase is written.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
Then I sometimes look at news articles from trusted sources.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถœ์ฒ˜์˜ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
Or I look at published books from authors to see how other writers are
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ถœํŒ๋œ ์ฑ…์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:17
using the words and phrases that I want to use.
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.
08:21
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
08:23
"wildly held beliefs"
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"๊ฑฐ์น ๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ผœ์ง„ ์‹ ๋…"
08:26
..."strongly guarded secrets." These don't seem to be hyphenated with consistency.
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..."๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋œ ๋น„๋ฐ€." ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Let's look at patterns with present participles.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Present participles end with -ing and when we use them as modifiers, they carry an active meaning.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” -ing๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Šฅ๋™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Let's start with this sentence: The lotion smells sweet.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋กœ์…˜์—์„œ ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
We'll take the verb "smell," add on an -ing: "smelling."
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๋™์‚ฌ "smell"์— "smelling"์ด๋ผ๋Š” -ing๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Now, how do those lotion smell?
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์ž, ๊ทธ ๋กœ์…˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋•Œ?
09:03
We'll use the adjective "sweet." We put the adjective and the present participle together:
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"๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
09:09
sweet-smelling. I like sweet smelling lotions.
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sweet-smelling. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋กœ์…˜์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Common patterns for compound modifiers are noun or adjective + present participle.
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ + ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
Did you see the lesson where I talked about a sad movie called A Dog's Purpose?
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A Dog's Purpose๋ผ๋Š” ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
09:32
I said that some scenes were heart-wrenching,
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์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:36
meaning those scenes wrenched, twisted, or hurt my heart.
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๊ทธ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋’คํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋’คํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์•„ํ”„๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
"Heart-wrenching" is an example of a compound modifier noun + present participle.
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"Heart-wrenching"์€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ + ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
Let's form a few more compound modifiers that follow this pattern.
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์ด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
How about movies that make your spine tingle? Meaning they're filled with excitement, but they're a little scary too.
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๋“ฑ๊ณจ์ด ์˜ค์‹นํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์˜ํ™” ์–ด๋– ์„ธ์š”? ํฅ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์„ญ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
They tingle your spine.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
They're spine-tingling. A spine-tingling movie.
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๋“ฑ๊ณจ์ด ์˜ค์‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ๊ณจ์ด ์˜ค์‹นํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์˜ํ™”.
10:16
Did you know that prices for refreshments at movie theaters in the U.S. can be shocking? They make your jaw drop.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํ™”๊ด€ ๋‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž…์ด ๋–ก ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
What kind of prices are we talking about?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:32
Jaw-dropping prices.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ.
10:37
If an artistic performance inspires awe, how can we describe it?
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์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๊ณต์—ฐ์ด ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:48
An awe-inspiring performance.
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๊ฒฝ์™ธ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค.
10:54
Speaking of art, some artwork can blow your mind. It can amaze you. How can we describe this art?
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:05
We can talk about mind-blowing works of art.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
Do you know anyone who uses sweet words to get what they want? They're good at persuading others?
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:18
What kind of people are these?
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:25
Sweet-talking. Do you know any sweet-talking people? Are you one of them?
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๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ. ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:34
See if you can figure out other patterns to form compound modifiers. Take a look.
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ •์ž๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
11:47
Can you make the matches?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„ฑ๋ƒฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:52
We have color + past participle.
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์ƒ‰์ƒ + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
number + noun and
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์ˆซ์ž + ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ฐ
12:00
noun + adjective
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๋ช…์‚ฌ + ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ
12:04
Form other compound modifiers with these new patterns.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
12:10
products that are free of fragrances.
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ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ.
12:17
Fragrance-free. They're fragrance-free products.
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๋ฌดํ–ฅ๋ฃŒ. ๋ฌดํ–ฅ๋ฃŒ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
What do we call a presentation that's only five minutes? It's five minutes long, or we can say it's a...
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5๋ถ„๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? 5๋ถ„ ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด...
12:35
five-minute presentation.
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5๋ถ„ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
How about a team or an athlete that has won three times? What do we call them?
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ์šฐ์Šนํ•œ ํŒ€์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:52
A three-time winner. Perhaps a three-time champion or, if it's a group of them, than three-time champions.
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3ํšŒ ์šฐ์Šน์ž. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ 3ํšŒ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3ํšŒ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
I have a couple of bonus questions to challenge you before we end.
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๋๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
First, what do we call a woman who is 30 years old?
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๋จผ์ €, ์„œ๋ฅธ ์‚ด์ด ๋œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:12
Change that and make a compound modifier for me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:20
She's a 30-year-old woman. Note the difference in punctuation.
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30๋Œ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:29
Here's the second bonus question: Do these two phrases have the same meaning?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
13:38
I'd argue that they could possibly be different.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
The first one could refer to two kinds of toothpaste of two different colors: green toothpaste and white toothpaste.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์น˜์•ฝ๊ณผ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์น˜์•ฝ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์˜ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์น˜์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
The second one definitely describes a combination. It's toothpaste that is both green and white.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…น์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํฐ์ƒ‰์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ง€๋‹Œ ์น˜์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
It may look strange, but we can use hyphens to combine three or more words and create a compound modifier.
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜์ดํ”ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
What do you think we call an opportunity that comes only once in a person's lifetime?
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์ผ์ƒ์— ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:20
A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Have you ever had one of those?
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์ผ์ƒ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฟ์ธ ๊ธฐํšŒ. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:28
Let's end here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋๋‚ด์ž.
14:29
Please remember to like and share this video with others who are learning English.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
14:34
If you'd like more practice with me, click on that JOIN button and become a member of my learning
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด JOIN ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ ํ•™์Šต ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ํšŒ์›์ด ๋˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
14:40
community. As a member of my YouTube channel,
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. ๋‚ด YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ํšŒ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ
14:43
you can participate in the monthly live stream. Each month we meet for an interactive lesson.
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์›”๊ฐ„ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋‹ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์‹ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
I hope you can become a part of that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
15:00
I'd like to say a very special thank you to the current members of my channel.
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์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ํšŒ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
Hopefully, more of you will join us for the next live stream.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
Follow me and gain more practice on Facebook and Twitter. I also have new videos on Instagram.
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์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜๊ณ  Facebook๊ณผ Twitter์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์ƒ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:16
If you haven't already,
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์•„์ง ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:18
subscribe to my channel so you get
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15:21
notification of every new video I upload to YouTube.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ YouTube์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒˆ ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7