Reducing & Rephrasing Noun Clauses ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ Advanced Grammar with JenniferESL

25,239 views ใƒป 2019-08-15

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi. I'm Jennifer from English with Jennifer.
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์•ˆ๋…•. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
If you'd like to speak more confidently and effectively in English,
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:08
then subscribe and follow me here on YouTube. I share a new video every Thursday.
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YouTube์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋งค์ฃผ ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
If you'd like to get more out of your time on YouTube, then become a member of my channel.
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YouTube์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ํšŒ์›์ด ๋˜์„ธ์š”.
00:22
You'll get two practice tasks on the community tab every week and a monthly live stream,
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๋งค์ฃผ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํƒญ์—์„œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ์Šต ๊ณผ์ œ์™€
00:28
which is an interactive lesson for 30 minutes, sometimes more!
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30๋ถ„, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜• ์ˆ˜์—…์ธ ์›”๊ฐ„ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:34
If you're looking for basic English, click here.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:39
Okay. Let's start our advanced grammar lesson.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Do you know what a bucket list is? It's a list of things you want to do before you die.
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๋ฒ„ํ‚ท๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
I think that many of us have one. Some lists are longer than others.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ๋ก๋ณด๋‹ค ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
I don't know whether I'll get to do everything on my list,
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๋‚ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:05
but I sure hope that I'll get the chance to do as many as possible.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
In this lesson, I'll tell you a few things on my bucket list.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €์˜ ๋ฒ„ํ‚ท ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
Then you can share some of your wishes, and I'll offer some advice on how you can make your wishes come true.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ๋ง ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ์›์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Sound good?
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ?
01:24
Take a closer look at my text. I'd like you to find examples of noun clauses. I'll point you in the right direction.
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๋‚ด ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
First, find noun clauses starting with the word "that.'"
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๋จผ์ € "that"์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
01:40
See them? There are two. I think that many of us have one.
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๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
I sure hope that I'll get the chance to do as many as possible.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
This other clause, by the way, is an adjective clause. It starts with the word "that."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
But the clause answers the question "which?" or "what kind?"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์ ˆ์€ "์–ด๋–ค?"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” "์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜?"
02:07
What kind of things? Things that you want to do before you die.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜? ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ๋“ค.
02:14
Noun clauses answer the question "what?"
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ "what?"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
What do you think? I think that many of us have one.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
What do you hope?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:27
I sure hope that I'll get the chance to do as many as possible.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
And each clause has a subject and a verb, right?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
02:40
Now look for two noun clauses that function as embedded questions.
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์ด์ œ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:56
See them? Here they are.
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๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
Each clause has a subject and a verb.
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๊ฐ ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
In the first clause, the question word is the subject.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
All three of these noun clauses
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์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
03:13
function as objects.
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Know what?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ?
03:18
What don't you know?
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๋ญ˜ ๋ชฐ๋ผ?
03:20
Advice on what?
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๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ?
03:26
Do you remember how those embedded questions were formed?
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:31
"Whether" is like "if." These words start noun clauses that function as embedded questions.
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"์—ฌ๋ถ€"๋Š” "๋งŒ์ผ"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Yes-no questions.
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์˜ˆ-์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Will I get to do everything on my list?
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๋‚ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:47
I don't know whether I'll get to do everything on my list. Or
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๋‚ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
03:52
I don't know if I'll get to do everything on my list.
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๋‚ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Remember embedded questions use statement word order:
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ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์–ด์ˆœ(์ฃผ์–ด + ๋™์‚ฌ)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
04:05
subject + verb.
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.
04:06
Compare.
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๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋‹ค.
04:08
How can you make your wishes come true?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ์›์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:13
I'll offer some advice on how you can make your wishes come true.
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์†Œ์›์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
In this lesson, I'd like to tell you how and when we can shorten noun clauses.
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์ด ๋‹จ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Some call this reduction. To be honest, when I talk about reducing clauses, I usually think about reducing
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ์ค„์ž„๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ๋กœ
04:35
adjective clauses and adverb clauses.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Those clauses can shorten and become phrases with participles. If you'd like to review how that's done,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ˆ์€ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜์–ด ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
04:46
look in the video description
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๋น„๋””์˜ค ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ
04:48
for links to those playlists.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:52
Right now with noun clauses
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
04:55
we'll explore alternative wording that can help you be more concise. If you want to call that reduction, that's fine.
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๋” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
I think of it more as
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ง•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:04
paraphrasing.
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05:08
Watch how my text can change and become more concise.
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๋‚ด ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:25
To make these changes, you need to understand how noun clauses function in a sentence.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
"That"-clauses start with "that." Then they have a subject and a verb.
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"๊ทธ" ์ ˆ์€ "์ €๊ฒƒ"์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
I think that many of us have one.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
Very often we use "that"-clauses as direct objects, objects of verbs.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "that" ์ ˆ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
But "that"- clauses can also function as subjects and
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "that" ์ ˆ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋ณด์™„์–ด ์—ญํ• ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:55
complements.
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05:59
That he managed to do everything on his bucket list is admirable.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฒ„ํ‚ท๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•  ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค.
06:04
Note that use of a "that"- clause as a subject is less common in conversation.
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"that"-์ ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:10
However, I would say "the fact that."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” "๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
The fact that he managed to do everything on his bucket list is admirable.
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๋ฒ„ํ‚ท๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๊ฐํƒ„์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค.
06:20
My hope is that all manage to do everything too.
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๋‚ด ํฌ๋ง์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
It's exciting that I can finally cross something off my bucket list.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋‚ด ๋ฒ„ํ‚ท๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
It's my hope that we can do something on my list together.
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๋‚ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
Sometimes we can shorten the noun clause by dropping the word "that."
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
But this is only possible when the noun clause is an object or a
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด์–ด์ผ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:55
complement. In other words, when it's in the middle or the end of a sentence. We never omit the word "that"
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. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋์— ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ผ ๋•Œ "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:02
when the noun clause is the subject of the sentence.
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07:08
Dropping the word "that" is most common when the noun clause is the object of the verb, a direct object.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ผ ๋•Œ "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
"That"-clauses as direct objects are used with certain groups of verbs, for example,
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์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ "That"-์ ˆ์€ ํŠน์ • ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๊ฐ
07:23
verbs of perception -- verbs about thinking and feeling.
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๋™์‚ฌ(์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋Š๋‚Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
These verbs include: know, think, guess, believe, feel, hope,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์•Œ๋‹ค, ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ฏฟ๋‹ค, ๋Š๋ผ๋‹ค, ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋‹ค,
07:36
see, and hear.
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๋ณด๋‹ค, ๋“ฃ๋‹ค ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
Verbs for speaking or reporting information.
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ.
07:45
Common examples include: say, agree, suggest, complain.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์—๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Being concise is good.
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๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
Right? Does that mean we should always omit the word "that" when the noun clause is in the middle or the end of the sentence?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:04
No. Here are some guidelines.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€์นจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
Omitting the word "that" is very common in conversation and in everyday writing,
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"that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
08:14
especially when the subjects are the same in both clauses. For example: I hope I'll see you again.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋‘ ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ that ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
08:24
It's a little less common to omit the word "that" when there's a noun or a pronoun
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๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:31
between the main verb and the that clause.
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08:37
I promised my teacher that I would turn in my assignment the next day.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
She warned me that my final grade might suffer.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ตœ์ข… ์„ฑ์ ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
It's possible to omit the word "that" in both cases here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
But particularly in the second, I wouldn't because the subjects and the two clauses are different.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํŠนํžˆ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋‘ ์ ˆ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
For similar reasons, if there's some kind of long interrupting phrase between the main verb and the that clause,
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ฃผ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ that ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธด ๋ฐฉํ•ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:10
the speaker may choose to keep the word "that."
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ํ™”์ž๋Š” "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
I think, for the sake of everyone concerned, that we should meet a second time and discuss this matter further.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
You might also note that the tone of this example is a little more formal; that could also be a factor.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์˜ˆ์˜ ์–ด์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
When the main verb is in the passive, we usually keep the word "that."
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๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ผ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
We were told that no more seats were available.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
For clarity,
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๋ช…ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:50
you probably will not omit the word "that" when you have to that clauses joined by coordinating
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"and"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“ฑ์œ„ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:57
conjunction like "and."
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10:02
I know that you're wondering about the future and that you're worried about financials security.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
But you can definitely omit the word "that" when one that clause is part of another.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ that ์ ˆ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
I know we agreed it would be better to wait, but I don't want to miss this opportunity.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
10:27
Would you omit "that" in these sentences? Take a look.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ "๊ทธ"๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
10:54
In 1, you could keep it or omit it. I'd omit it.
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1์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
The subjects are different, but we often drop the word "that" with common verbs like: say, think, believe.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ say, think, believe์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
Also, the two clauses aren't very long, so that's another factor.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘ ์ ˆ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ธธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
In 2, I would not omit the word "that." The main verb is in the passive.
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2์—์„œ๋Š” "์ €๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
In 3, I would not omit "that." I'd keep it because there's separation between the main clause and the noun clause.
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3์—์„œ๋Š” "์ €๊ฒƒ"์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
In 4, I also would not drop the word "that." We have long
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4์—์„œ๋Š” "์ €๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๋นผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธด
11:37
clauses and the two noun clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction.
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์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋“ฑ์œ„ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
It's easier for the reader to understand the sentence structure if we keep "that."
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"๊ทธ๊ฒƒ"์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
How else can we be more concise?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:52
Well, sometimes it's possible to change the verb of the "that"-clause to a gerund or infinitive.
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์Œ, ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ "that" ์ ˆ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
As you know, some verbs take gerunds, and others take infinitives.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
If you're familiar with these patterns, it will be easier for you to make good word choices.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Here's the grammar for some verbs you should know already.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
Review the patterns.
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ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
verb + gerund
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๋™์‚ฌ + ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ
12:21
verb + preposition + gerund
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๋™์‚ฌ + ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ +
12:24
verb + infinitive
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ + ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ์ด
12:27
These verbs can also be followed by a "that"-clause.
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” "that" ์ ˆ์ด ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
He admitted that he didn't know.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
We complained that we had no money.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
They claimed that they had traveled the world.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
Don't assume that use of an infinitive or a gerund is always more conversational than a noun clause with "that."
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด "that"์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋” ๋Œ€ํ™”์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:57
For example, the perfect infinitive in the last example
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š”
13:02
sounds rather formal to my ears.
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๋‚ด ๊ท€์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
Let's change the wording in a few sentences together.
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๋ช‡ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:16
I suggest that you make a list of everything you want to do.
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์‹ถ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
I suggest making a list.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Don't pretend that you understand all my wishes.
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๋‚ด ์†Œ์›์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:36
Don't pretend to understand.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ™ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
13:43
Someone told me that I should identify the most realistic plans first.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋จผ์ € ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
Someone told me to identify.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
She confessed that she had an actual bucket list written on paper.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฒ„ํ‚ท๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ข…์ด์— ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
She confessed we need a little help here. We'll use a preposition.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
She confessed to having an actual bucket list written on paper.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฒ„ํ‚ท๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ข…์ด์— ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Okay. We've studied that clauses. Now let's talk about embedded questions, another type of noun clause.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ธ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
Embedded questions can also have different functions.
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ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
They can function as subjects, objects, and complements. Take a look.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์ œ, ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๋ณด์™„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
14:41
How you live your life is up to you.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
A trip to Peru is what I want.
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ํŽ˜๋ฃจ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
I don't know whether I'll get to do everything on my list.
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๋‚ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
I'll offer some advice on how you can make your wishes come true.
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์†Œ์›์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
I'm not sure if I can make this happen.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
Embedded questions begin with question words: how, when, where, who, what, whether, if.
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ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ, ์–ธ์ œ, ์–ด๋””์„œ, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ์—ฌ๋ถ€, if.
15:24
You know that sometimes we can omit "that" from "that"-clauses.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "that" ์ ˆ์—์„œ "that"์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
But we can never omit question words from embedded questions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
Instead, we can shorten an embedded question with the help of an infinitive.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
But this is only possible when there's a meaning of "should" or "could" --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
15:47
obligation or possibility.
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์˜๋ฌด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
Look at this example: I'll offer some advice on how you can make your wishes come true.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์†Œ์›์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
I'll offer some advice on how to make your wishes come true.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ์›์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
Which embedded questions can be shortened to an infinitive? Take a look and think about it.
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
16:35
We can shorten sentences three, four, and five.
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3, 4, 5 ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
How to find.
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์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
16:43
Where to go.
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์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ.
16:46
When to book.
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์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•  ๋•Œ.
16:50
How did you do on that task? Do you know that I really do want to go whale watching? That's on my bucket list.
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๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๋ฒ„ํ‚ท๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
16:59
It's also my dream to visit Australia and enjoy a wonderful meal prepared by a famous chef.
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์…ฐํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ œ ๊ฟˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
What's on your bucket list? Tell me in the comments and try to make use of a noun clause.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฒ„ํ‚ท ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
17:17
My advice is to make a bucket list and then decide what's realistic and what isn't.
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์ œ ์กฐ์–ธ์€ ๋ฒ„ํ‚ท๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋‹ค์Œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
I also think it's a good idea to identify dreams you share with loved ones so that you can realize them together.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
My final piece of advice is don't wait forever.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์กฐ์–ธ์€ ์˜์›ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
You'll regret not doing something if the opportunity was in front of you and you simply lacked the courage to try.
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๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
Let's end here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋๋‚ด์ž.
17:47
If you'd like more grammar practice, become a member of my channel. Click on that JOIN button,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ํšŒ์›์ด ๋˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•ด๋‹น JOIN ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด
17:53
and you'll get practice tasks on the community tab and a monthly live stream.
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์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํƒญ๊ณผ ์›”๊ฐ„ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์Šต ์ž‘์—…์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
That's all for now. As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
18:07
I'd like to say a very special thank you to the current members of my channel.
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์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ํšŒ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
Hopefully, more of you will join us for the next live stream.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
Follow me and gain more practice on Facebook and Twitter. I also have new videos on Instagram.
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์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜๊ณ  Facebook๊ณผ Twitter์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์ƒ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
18:24
If you haven't already,
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์•„์ง ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
18:26
subscribe to my channel so you get
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18:29
notification of every new video I upload to YouTube.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ YouTube์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒˆ ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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