Day 8 - Reducing THAT, THAN, THEM - Understanding Fast Speech in English

63,450 views ・ 2016-01-18

English with Jennifer


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:01
Hello. It's Day 8.
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Would you agree that listening is sometimes harder than speaking?
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I know that it can be a challenge when people talk really fast.
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00:15
English with Jennifer
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THAN and THAT are two more function words.
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They're small words and don't carry a lot of content,
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so we usually reduce those vowel sounds to a weaker sound.
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00:37
A schwa.
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The schwa sound is that relaxed "uh" /ə/.
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I asked you if listening is sometimes harder than speaking.
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00:47
"harder than speaking"
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00:50
Instead of THAN...in fast speech I can say /ðən/.
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THAT can also be reduced when it's fast an unstressed.
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I said, "I know that it can be a challenge."
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01:14
Just like THAN became /ðən/,
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THAT can sound like /ðət/.
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Note the word THAT could be stressed, so it's not always reduced.
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For example, I could suggest, "Let's buy that one, not this one. That one."
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And when it's stressed, we use that full short A sound.
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/æ/ That one.
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Pronouns are also function words.
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THEM is an example of a pronoun.
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THEM in fast speech could sound more like /ðəm/.
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02:02
I know them.
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We're reducing the vowel sounds again to a weaker schwa.
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Not /ðɛm/.../ðəm/. I know them.
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Here are some examples I can read for you.
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But first let me ask you...
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I'll reduce these words in yellow.
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Listen.
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Note when we use THAT as a demonstrative,
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meaning as an adjective or pronoun,
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it’s usually stressed.
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03:01
Let me make one more note.
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There’s another way THEM can change in fast speech.
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Not only can we reduce the vowel to a schwa,
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we might also drop the TH altogether.
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So instead of…
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You may hear people say,
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“Where do you want to put’em?”
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Listen closely.
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I'll say a sentence.
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You try to understand.
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That's all for now.
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Thanks for watching and happy studies!
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