English Grammar - Gerund or Infinitive? ('I like swimming' or 'I like to swim'?)

2,014,815 views ใƒป 2011-09-19

English with Ronnie


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello there. How are you? Excellent? Not good? Oh, okay. Today, by special request to you,
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใใชใ„๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
00:15
the engVid and YouTube viewers, I'm going to do a lesson, yay, a grammar lesson, ew,
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ใ€engVid ใจ YouTube ใฎ่ฆ–่ด่€…ใธใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใˆใˆ ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€
00:23
must be done on these two kinds of grammar. One is a gerund. When I first read this, when
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ็จฎ้กžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 1ใคใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใจใใ€
00:33
I was my early teaching, I said, "Gerund? Okay, class. Today, we're going to learn about
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็งใŒๅˆๆœŸใฎๆ•™ๅธซใ ใฃใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ
00:40
gerunds." And my boss glared at me, and I said, "Oh, ger, ger, ger. It's gerunds."
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ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไธŠๅธใŒ็งใ‚’็จใฟใคใ‘ใŸใฎใง ใ€็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:47
"Oh, fine. You could spell it like a gerund. It would be better." The word is gerund, not
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ถดใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๆ–นใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใฏใชใใ€
00:53
gerund. And infinitive. Now, I remember when I was a child, my father used to say to me,
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไธๅฎš่ฉžใ€‚ ็งใŒๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€็ˆถใŒ็งใซใ‚ˆใใ“ใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆ
01:01
"Ronnie, do not split your infinitives." "Okay, daddy." I had no idea what he's talking about.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใƒญใƒ‹ใƒผใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‘ใชใ„ใงใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒ‘ใ€ ๅฝผใŒไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€็งใซใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:11
Now, 20 years later, I understand what he meant. Thanks, dad. Yeah, okay. I won't split
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20ๅนด็ตŒใฃใŸไปŠใ€ๅฝผใฎ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ็งใฏ
01:18
them, I promise. Okay? Gerund and infinitives are mortal enemies, okay? Remember, you can
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็ด„ๆŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฎš่ฉž ใฏๅคงๆ•ตใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใซ
01:28
never, ever have a gerund and an infinitive in the same sentence. They hate each other.
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŠไบ’ใ„ใ‚’ๅซŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:38
They will fight. Your sentence will die a slow and terrible death if you have two of
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆˆฆใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ2ใคใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ๆญปใ‚’่ฟŽใˆใพใ™
01:44
these in the same sentence. So, you can choose. It doesn't matter what you use. You can use
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. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ธใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:50
gerund or infinitive. There's no rule that you have to use a gerund here on Tuesdays,
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่ฆๅ‰‡ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:58
or Wednesdays and Thursdays is infinitive day. It does not matter. What does matter?
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅใจๆœจๆ›œๆ—ฅใŒไธๅฎš ๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:05
What matters? You cannot use them in the same sentence. So, gerund. What is a gerund, you
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ไฝ•ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ€‚ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•
02:12
may ask? Gerund is a noun or a verb plus -ing. So, an example of a noun would be "snowboard."
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ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉž + -ing ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€Œใ‚นใƒŽใƒผใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:27
Snowboard is a thing that you ride on down a mountain. So, you can say, if it's your
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ใ‚นใƒŽใƒผใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใฏใ€ไน—ใฃใฆๅฑฑใ‚’ไธ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
02:35
interest or your hobby, you can say, "I like snowboarding." Or, "I like skiing." Or, "I
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚„่ถฃๅ‘ณใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚นใƒŽใƒผใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ
02:59
like shopping." I hate shopping. Really hate it. So, it's your opinion. I'm going to write,
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่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็งใฏ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅซŒใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:09
"I hate shopping" because I hate shopping. "Shop" is a noun. It is a store, but we don't
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่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใŒๅซŒใ„ใชใฎใงใ€Œ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉๅซŒใ„ใ€ใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅบ—ใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠๅบ—ใงใ™ใŒ
03:19
say, "I hate storing." It's strange. "Ski" is both a noun and a verb, and "snowboard"
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ใ€ใ€ŒๅŽ็ดๅซŒใ„ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŠใ‹ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใ€ ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใƒŽใƒผใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ€
03:26
is a noun. So, we have a verb. Swim. How many of you guys like swimming? Did I say swimming?
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ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆณณใใ€‚ ๆฐดๆณณใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใฏไฝ•ไบบใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ๆฐดๆณณใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:34
You can also say this, "I went swimming." It's cool. This is an example, or these are
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆณณใŽใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไพ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
03:43
examples of gerunds. Gerund is verb or noun plus -ing ending. So, let's do some infinitives,
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉž ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น -ing ่ชžๅฐพใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:53
shall we? Such fun. The infinitive form is "to" plus my base verb. So, in the infinitive
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ใ‹ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฏ ใ€Œtoใ€๏ผ‹็งใฎๅŽŸๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎ
04:04
form, you can say, "I hate" -- here's my infinitive -- "to shop." "Shop" in this case is a verb
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ๅฝขใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€ -- ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ™ -- ใ€Œto shop.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ€ŒShopใ€
04:21
as well. "Ski," you can say, "I like to ski." This is my infinitive phrase. How about this
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ใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใ€ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†
04:35
one? "I like snowboarding." In the infinitive, it would be, "I like" -- anyone know the answer
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๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ‚นใƒŽใƒผใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ไธๅฎš่ฉž ใงใฏใ€"I like" -- ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„
04:43
-- "to" -- excellent -- "I like to snowboard." And this one, "I like to swim." The number
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ใพใ™ -- "to" -- Excellent -- "I like to Snowboard." ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๆณณใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
one mistake that students make, and you might make as well, is this. People say, "I like
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ็Šฏใ™ๆœ€ๅคงใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚็Šฏใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ ้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€Œ็ง
05:13
to swimming." Now, this is wrong. You can never have a gerund and an infinitive in the
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ใฏๆณณใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใซ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
05:27
same sentence. You can choose one or the other. It doesn't matter. "I like to swim" is perfect.
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ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆณณใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใฏๅฎŒ็’งใงใ™ใ€‚
05:36
Or, "I went swimming." "I like swimming" is correct as well. I hope this helps you and
33
336320
8720
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆณณใŽใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฐดๆณณใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใ‚‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŠฉใ‘ใซใชใ‚Šใ€
05:45
clears up your confusion with those beautiful gerunds and those dirty little infinitives.
34
345040
6560
็พŽใ—ใ„ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจๆฑšใ„ๅฐใ•ใชไธๅฎš่ฉžใจใฎๆททไนฑใ‚’่งฃๆถˆใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
05:51
Take care. We'll see you soon.
35
351600
13520
ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚ ใพใŸไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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