How to express opposing ideas in English: despite, although, nevertheless, in spite of...

1,975,733 views

2015-07-23 ใƒป English with Emma


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How to express opposing ideas in English: despite, although, nevertheless, in spite of...

1,975,733 views ใƒป 2015-07-23

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, I am going to teach you a very good and useful
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€
00:07
trick on how to write essays, how to sound better when you speak, how to do better in
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ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎๆ›ธใๆ–นใ€ ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใชใฉใ€้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸไพฟๅˆฉใชใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™
00:14
presentations. This tip is very useful if you are taking the TOEFL or the IELTS, or
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏ ใ€TOEFL ใพใŸใฏ IELTS ใ‚’ๅ—้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ
00:21
if you are studying in college, university, or high school. Okay? So it's a very, very
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ๅคงๅญฆใ€ๅคงๅญฆใ€ ใพใŸใฏ้ซ˜ๆ กใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ
00:26
useful trick. This trick is called... Well, I'm calling it: "How to Start Right". Okay?
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ไพฟๅˆฉใชใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ ... ใ€Œๆญฃใ—ใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:34
So I'm going to teach you a great way to start, either in your essays or in your speech.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใงใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:40
Oftentimes, if you're taking the TOEFL or the IELTS, you're going to be asked to give
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TOEFL ใ‚„ IELTS ใ‚’ๅ—้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Š
00:46
your opinion on something. Okay? In general life, you might have to give your opinion
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ็”Ÿๆดปใงใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:51
on something. Maybe somebody wants to know: what do you prefer? Do you prefer going to
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ใ€‚ ๅคšๅˆ†่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅฅฝใฟใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:57
a restaurant, or do you prefer eating at home? What's better? Okay?
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ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใใฎใŒๅฅฝใ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅฎถใง้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹? ไฝ•ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:03
When you give your opinion, it's a very good idea to start by saying what is good about
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€ๅๅฏพๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ่‰ฏใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆ
01:11
the opposite opinion. Okay? So, example: if I love restaurants, I want to eat at a restaurant,
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใง้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
01:19
instead of just saying: "I love restaurants." A better way to start this is by saying the
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
01:26
opposite, the good part of the opposite. So, how can I do this? Well, I can say something
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ๅๅฏพใฎใ“ใจใ€ๅๅฏพใฎ่‰ฏใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:32
like: "Although some people love eating at home, I prefer eating at a restaurant." Okay?
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ใ€Œๅฎถใง้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€็งใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใง้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใปใ†ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:43
Another example. Imagine somebody wants to know if I like cats better or dogs better.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ็งใŒ็Œซใฎใปใ†ใŒๅฅฝใใชใฎใ‹ใ€็Šฌใฎใปใ†ใŒๅฅฝใใชใฎใ‹ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:49
What is the better animal? Well, maybe if I like dogs better, I would say: "Although
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๅ‹•็‰ฉใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็ง ใŒ็Šฌใฎๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ
01:56
some people prefer cats, I prefer dogs.", "Although some people prefer to live in cold
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็ŒซใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ็ŠฌใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฏ’ใ„ๅ›ฝใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„
02:05
countries, I prefer warm countries." So, you can use this in essays, in speaking, in so
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏๆš–ใ‹ใ„ๅ›ฝใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚„ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใชใฉใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใ
02:13
many different ways. It's always a good idea to start with the opposite of what you believe,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจๅๅฏพใฎใ“ใจใ€ๅๅฏพใฎ่‰ฏใ„็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€
02:18
a good point of the opposite, and then to say your opinion. Okay?
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:25
So, I want you to try this. Okay? I'm going to give you a question, and I want you to
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
02:31
use this formula. What do you prefer, waking up early or waking up late? Okay? So:
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ใ“ใฎๅผใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ—ฉ่ตทใใจ้…่ตทใใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๅฅฝใ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
02:42
"Although some people prefer waking up..., I prefer waking up..." and here you would say either
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ใ€Œ่ตทใใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ่ตทใใ‚‹ใฎใŒ ๅฅฝใใงใ™...ใ€ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
02:52
"early" or "late". Okay?
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ใ€Œๆ—ฉใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้…ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:56
So, I've used this word "although". "Although" is to show this contrast. Okay? It's a very,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅฏพๆฏ”ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:05
very great word, useful word when you're writing essays or speaking in a formal setting. Something
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ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๅ ดใง่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใจใฆใ‚‚ไพฟๅˆฉใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‘ใฉใ€
03:13
that has the same meaning as "although" is "even though". Okay? So very similar. "Even
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ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚‚ใฎใฏ ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ "
03:21
though". And we can use the same formula. Okay? If I ask you: "Would you rather go to
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚"ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
03:31
a beach or go skiing?" You can say: "Even though some people love going to beaches,
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ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใซ่กŒใใฎใจใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใซ่กŒใใฎใจใงใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œ ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใซ่กŒใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
03:39
I prefer skiing.", "Even though skiing is a lot of fun, I'd rather go to the beach."
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็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใฎๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใฏ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ใƒ“ใƒผใƒใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:47
Okay? So, again, you're offering the opposite idea first, and then your idea. Great for
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅๅฏพใฎ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆไพ›ใ—ใ€ๆฌกใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
TOEFL and IELTS speaking.
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TOEFL ใจ IELTS ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
03:57
Okay, so let's look at these sentence structures a little bit closer. So, I have here my words:
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ็งใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผš
04:03
"Although", "even though". What follows is a subject. A subject can be words like: "some
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ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฏ ไธป่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธป่ชžใฏใ€ใ€Œsome
04:09
people", can be "he", "she", "we", "the teacher". Okay? So, the subject is pretty much a noun.
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peopleใ€ใ€ใ€Œheใ€ใ€ใ€Œsheใ€ใ€ใ€Œweใ€ใ€ใ€Œthe teacherใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธป่ชžใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:20
"Although Canada", okay? "Although Canada", "Even though Canada..." Now you need a verb.
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใชใฎใซใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใชใฎใซโ€ฆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:28
"Even though Canada", can use the verb "is". "Even though Canada is a good country", okay,
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ใ€ŒใŸใจใˆใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฏใ„ใ„ๅ›ฝใชใฎใซใ€ใฃใฆ
04:36
if I was writing now, I would put a comma.
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ใ€ใ„ใพๆ›ธใ ใชใ‚‰ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:40
"Even though Canada is a good country, Canada has problems."
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ ๅ›ฝใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซใฏๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:50
So what I'm trying to get at here is that if you use "although", you will have two parts
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ ใง่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ–‡ใŒ 2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†
04:56
of a sentence. You will have part one before the comma, which has a subject and a verb;
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ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใฎๅ‰ใซใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 1 ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:01
and then you will have a second part, part two with a subject and a verb. Okay? So let
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ๆฌกใซใ€็ฌฌ 2 ้ƒจใ€ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€็ฌฌ 2 ้ƒจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€
05:07
me give you one more example. "Although learning English is fun, many students find it difficult."
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:17
Okay? "Although some people like learning English, I prefer learning French." Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใปใ†ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:23
Just some examples of these types of ideas.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:27
So let's look at a couple more expressions to help you show the opposite view.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ๅๅฏพใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’็คบใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:32
Okay, so let's look at some more words that you can use to show the opposing side. Okay? We
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ใงใฏใ€ๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:42
can use the word "despite". "Despite" is very similar to "although" and "even though".
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ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใฏ ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:48
Imagine this, imagine if I ask you if you would rather live in the city or in the countryside.
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ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€้ƒฝไผšใจ็”ฐ่ˆŽใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใซไฝใฟใŸใ„ใ‹ใจ่žใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
05:56
Would you rather live in a big city or in a quiet town in the countryside? Which would
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ๅคง้ƒฝไผšใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใจใ€็”ฐ่ˆŽใฎ้™ใ‹ใช็”บใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใจใงใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๅฅฝใ ใงใ™ใ‹? ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ
06:03
you prefer? So, imagine if you prefer the city. Okay? You might say something like:
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ก—ใ‚’ๅฅฝใ‚€ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผš
06:10
"Despite the advantages of living in the country, I prefer living in the city." Okay? "Despite
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ใ€Œ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซไฝใ‚€ใ“ใจใฎๅˆฉ็‚นใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ ็งใฏ้ƒฝไผšใซไฝใ‚€ใปใ†ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
06:21
the advantages of living in the country, I prefer living in the city." Okay? "Despite the
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็”ฐ่ˆŽใซไฝใ‚€ใ“ใจใฎๅˆฉ็‚นใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€็ง ใฏ้ƒฝไผšใซไฝใ‚€ใปใ†ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็”ฐ่ˆŽใฏ
06:28
calm of the country", "Despite the peace, the peacefulness of the country/the quiet
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็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œๅนณๅ’Œใ  ใ‘ใฉใ€็”ฐ่ˆŽใฏๅนณๅ’Œใ /็”ฐ่ˆŽใฏ
06:36
of the country, I prefer the city." Okay? So, again, this is a great way to start, either
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้™ใ‹ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€็งใฏ้ƒฝไผšใฎๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
06:46
in an essay or when you're giving an answer for TOEFL and IELTS, it's a great way to do this.
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ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใงใ‚‚ใ€TOEFL ใจ IELTS ใฎ่งฃ็ญ”ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ ใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:53
One thing here. "Despite" is a little bit different than "although" and "even though".
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฒใจใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใฏใ€ ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:00
The way it is different is "despite" is followed by a noun. It is not followed by a noun and
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใฎๅพŒ ใซๅ่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅพŒใซ็ถšใ‹ใชใ„
07:09
a verb. Only a noun. Okay? So we could say: "Despite", "Despite my money", "Despite my
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ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใฎใฟใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš
07:17
dog", "Despite the disadvantage", "Despite my teacher", "Despite global warming", okay?
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ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็Šฌใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ€Œไธๅˆฉ็›Šใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ•™ๅธซใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅœฐ็ƒๆธฉๆš–ๅŒ–ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:24
So you don't need a verb. You just say "despite", noun, then you have a comma, and then you
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใฎใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใง ใ€ๆฌกใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซ
07:29
can say subject, verb. Okay? So, "Despite", "Despite happiness", "Despite peace", "Despite
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ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅนธ็ฆใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅนณๅ’Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
07:42
the nightlife, I would prefer to live in the country." Okay?
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ใƒŠใ‚คใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€็ง ใฏ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซไฝใฟใŸใ„ใ€. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:46
Another way you can show the opposing opinion is with the word "nevertheless". Okay? "Some
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ๅๅฏพๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
07:53
people like living in the city; nevertheless, I like living in the countryside.", "Some
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้ƒฝไผšใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็งใฏ็”ฐ่ˆŽใซไฝใ‚€ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
08:02
people like playing computer games; nevertheless, I like reading books." Okay? "Some people
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
08:11
love their politicians; nevertheless, I find politicians are not always honest." Okay?
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใ‚’ๆ„›ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใฏๅธธใซๆญฃ็›ดใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:20
So, again, this is where you're giving the opposite view.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๅๅฏพใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:24
Finally, "nevertheless" has the same meaning as "however". "Some people like movies; however,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใฏ ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜ ็”ปใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
08:33
I don't. I prefer books." Okay? So, "however", "nevertheless", "despite", "even though" and
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็งใฏๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆœฌใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€
08:39
"although" are great ways to show the opposing viewpoint. Great for TOEFL and IELTS, as well
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ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใฏใ€ๅๅฏพใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‚’็คบใ™ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆ–นๆณ• ใงใ™ใ€‚ TOEFL ใ‚„ IELTS ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
08:45
as presentations, and just everyday speaking and essay writing.
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ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใช ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚„ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚ค ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซใ‚‚ๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
08:50
So, to practice these, I invite you to come visit our website at www.engvid.com. There,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็ง ใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใจใใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•
08:56
you can do a quiz to make sure you understand all of these and how they're used, and that
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ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
way, you can improve your essay writing and your speaking. I also invite you to subscribe
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใฎๆ›ธใๆ–นใจใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚‚ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—
09:06
to my channel. There, you will find more videos on a variety of different topics, such as
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏใ€
09:12
pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and many more.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€ ่ชžๅฝ™ใชใฉใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:16
Thank you for watching, and until next time, take care.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใŠๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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