Writing in English: Comma Splices & 4 easy ways to fix them

1,035,220 views ใƒป 2012-05-02

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi there. My name is Emma, and today we have a slightly advanced lesson. So for some of
0
0
7000
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒž ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
00:11
you beginners, this might be a little too advanced. So what we're going to talk about
1
11000
4800
ๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใฎไธ€้ƒจใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ๅบฆใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ
00:15
are comma splices. So before I begin explaining what a comma splice is, I want to do a little
2
15800
6440
ใฏใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
00:22
quiz. So I have four sentences up here. I want you to read them. We'll read them together,
3
22240
6960
ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ 4 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ชญใฟใพใ™
00:29
and I want you to tell me in which sentences do I use a comma correctly, and in which sentences
4
29200
6960
ใฎใงใ€ใฉใฎๆ–‡ใง ใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎ
00:36
have I made a mistake. So question number one, "Black bears are beautiful, they have
5
36160
7000
ๆ–‡ใง้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ„ใ‚ญใƒŽใƒฏใ‚ฐใƒžใฏ็พŽใ—ใใ€
00:43
shiny coats." Question number two, "I love watching movies, I hate watching TV." Number
6
43800
7000
ๅ…‰ๆฒขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆฏ›ไธฆใฟใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 2 ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
00:50
three, "My friend, comma, a student at the University of Toronto, comma, lives on campus."
7
50800
7000
3 ็•ช็›ฎใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบ ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆๅคงๅญฆใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚นใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:00
And number four, "I watched soccer yesterday, comma, it was boring." So take a second, look
8
60800
6520
ใใ—ใฆ 4 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จโ€‹โ€‹ๆ—ฅใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€ใคใพใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€
01:07
at them, figure out which ones you think are correct and incorrect. So number one, this
9
67320
7000
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚ŒใŒ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใฉใ‚ŒใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ใ“ใฎ
01:14
sentence is incorrect. In this sentence, we have an example of a comma splice. So pretty
10
74320
7000
ๆ–‡ใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซ ใฏใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
much, just to give you some background, what a comma splice is, is when we have two sentences,
11
85680
6840
่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใจใฏ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:32
so each sentence has a subject and a verb, second part has a subject and a verb, and
12
92520
7000
ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ 2 ใค็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใฏไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
01:39
they're incorrectly put together with just a comma. So look at number two, "I love watching
13
99520
7000
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ ใ‘ใง ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
01:47
movies, comma, I hate watching TV." So in this case, again, we've made the same mistake.
14
107560
6720
ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ€ๅŒใ˜้Žใกใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:54
So this sentence is incorrect. We have a complete sentence, "I love watching movies." If I put
15
114280
6240
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
a period here, it could stand alone. Second sentence, "I hate watching TV." It has a subject
16
120520
5960
ใ“ใ“ใซใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ˜็‹ฌใง็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ ๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธป่ชž
02:06
and a verb, it's a sentence, but we've just put a comma between them, they're incorrectly
17
126480
5360
ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
02:11
combined. Number three, "My friend, comma, a student at the University of Toronto, comma,
18
131840
6720
ใ€‚ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบ ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆๅคงๅญฆใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใฏ
02:18
lives on campus." This sentence is actually correct. So this one, you can give a big check
19
138560
5360
ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‘ใ‚นใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅคงใใชใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
02:23
mark. We're not making a comma splice mistake. We don't have two separate sentences in here
20
143920
5880
ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใฎใƒŸใ‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใง็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅๅ€‹ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:29
combined with a comma. Finally, number four, "I watched soccer yesterday, comma, it was
21
149800
5960
ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ 4 ็•ช็›ฎใ€ ใ€Œใใฎใ†ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใ€
02:35
boring." Do you think this is a case of a comma splice? Well, if you look at it, you
22
155760
5600
ใคใพใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใฎๅ ดๅˆใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹? ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
02:41
have the subject, "I", the verb in the first sentence. In the second sentence, you have
23
161360
6640
ใจใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ŒIใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใซ
02:48
"it", which is a subject, and a verb. So again, you have two separate sentences that have
24
168000
7000
ใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œitใ€ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ— ใพใ™ใŒ
02:55
just been combined with a comma. Now, comma splices are some of the most common mistakes
25
175360
7000
ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใง็ตๅˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅใ€…ใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใฏใ€ESL ใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใจใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎไธกๆ–นใงใ€็งใŒใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใง็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™
03:02
I see in writing, both with ESL students and with native speakers. They're very easy to
26
182360
5760
ใ€‚ ไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™
03:08
make. Students often, they don't recognize them. They know they're a mistake, but in
27
188120
4440
ใ€‚ ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰่‡ช่บซใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใงใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆ
03:12
their own writing, they just don't see them. And so it's important when you do any piece
28
192560
6160
ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
03:18
of writing, double check. Make sure you're not making this type of mistake.
29
198720
4680
ใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใจใใฏใ€ๅ†็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:23
So in this video, we're going to talk about four different ways to fix a comma splice.
30
203400
7000
ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏ ใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ 4 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:30
Okay? Now, the very first way is very simple. So like I said, a comma splice is when you
31
210400
6600
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใจใฏใ€
03:37
put two sentences together with just a comma. So because we have two sentences, the simplest
32
217000
5640
2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใ ใ‘ใง็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
03:42
thing to do, if I want to make this correct, is turn this comma into a period, and then
33
222640
7000
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใซ ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ‚’ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใซๅค‰ใˆใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
03:50
just make "they" a capital. So now the sentence becomes, "Black bears are beautiful. They
34
230400
6840
"they" ใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ€ใ€Œใƒ„ใ‚ญใƒŽใƒฏใ‚ฐใƒžใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€‚
03:57
have shiny coats." They're two separate sentences. This is the easiest way to correct a comma
35
237240
4640
ๅ…‰ๆฒขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆฏ›ไธฆใฟใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅๅ€‹ใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•
04:01
splice.
36
241880
2480
ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:04
Another alternative is using a coordinating conjunction. So what are coordinating conjunctions
37
244360
7000
ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจใฏ
04:11
again? These are what are known as "FANBOYS". So "FAN" stands for "for", "and", "nor", "but",
38
251360
17000
ไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ŒFANBOYSใ€ใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒFANใ€ใฏใ€ใ€Œforใ€ใ€ใ€Œandใ€ใ€ใ€Œnorใ€ใ€ใ€Œbutใ€ใ€
04:28
"or", "yet", and "so". These are what are known as coordinating conjunctions. You can
39
268360
10200
ใ€Œorใ€ใ€ใ€Œyetใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œsoใ€ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€่ชฟๆ•ดๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹
04:38
remember them, "FANBOYS". If you use one of these -- and remember, it has to make sense
40
278560
4120
ใ€ใ€ŒFANBOYSใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
04:42
in the context of the sentence. This is another way to deal with comma splices.
41
282680
5640
ๆ–‡ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใชใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:48
So if I look at the sentence, "I love watching movies. I hate watching TVs." I can choose
42
288320
4080
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ ๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
04:52
a "FANBOY". "I love watching movies, but I hate watching TV." And it's important to notice
43
292400
12000
ใ€ŒFANBOYใ€ใ‚’้ธในใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ
05:04
the comma stays. We don't remove the comma when we're using these "FANBOYS". So that's
44
304400
6400
ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใŒๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€ŒFANBOYSใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
05:10
the second way we can correct a comma splice. Like I said, number three was correct. There's
45
310800
6680
ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚‹้€šใ‚Šใ€3็•ชใŒๆญฃ่งฃใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:17
nothing we have to do with that one.
46
317480
2440
็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใจใฏไฝ•ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:19
A third way to correct a comma splice is to use what's known as a "semicolon". So a semicolon
47
319920
6640
ใ‚ณใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ใค็›ฎใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณ
05:26
is a piece of punctuation that looks like this. So it has a dot at the top and a comma
48
326560
5240
ใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฅ่ชญ็‚นใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไธŠ้ƒจใซใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
05:31
at the bottom. So we use semicolons when we have an idea, and we add to that idea with
49
331800
6120
ใ€ไธ‹้ƒจใซใ‚ซใƒณใƒžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ—ใ€ใใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข
05:37
a further linked idea. So for example, "Black bears are beautiful. They have shiny coats."
50
337920
7000
ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ใƒ„ใ‚ญใƒŽใƒฏใ‚ฐใƒžใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ…‰ๆฒขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:45
Now, this idea about shiny coats, it might be linked to the reason why they're beautiful.
51
345960
6920
ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…‰ๆฒขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ“ใฎ่€ƒใˆใฏ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ็พŽใ—ใ„็†็”ฑใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
05:52
So if this is sort of an added idea, we can use a semicolon. So, "Black bears are beautiful."
52
352880
7000
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไธ€็จฎใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใƒ„ใ‚ญใƒŽใƒฏใ‚ฐใƒžใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€‚
05:59
Semicolon. And you don't need a capital after a semicolon. So it can go back to being a
53
359880
7000
ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใฎๅพŒใซๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฐๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
06:07
small letter. "They have shiny coats." So this is the third way to correct a comma splice
54
367360
7000
ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ…‰ๆฒขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–นๆณ•
06:14
using a semicolon.
55
374880
2040
ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:16
The final way is to use dependent clauses, transitions for dependent clauses. Now, I
56
376920
6120
ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ๅพ“ๅฑž็ฏ€ใ€ๅพ“ๅฑž็ฏ€ใฎ้ท็งปใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:23
know that sounds a little bit complicated, but when you see what I mean, it's very easy.
57
383040
5040
ๅฐ‘ใ—่ค‡้›‘ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฎ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:28
We can use words -- use this example -- like "because", "since", "when", "if". These words
58
388080
7000
ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œbecauseใ€ใ€ใ€Œsinceใ€ใ€ใ€Œwhenใ€ใ€ใ€Œifใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชž
06:48
help the sentence to become two sentences -- sorry, an independent clause and a dependent
59
408280
4600
ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใจๅพ“ๅฑž
06:52
clause. So now, "Black bears are beautiful because" -- and we also need "they" -- "they
60
412880
7000
็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไปŠใ€ใ€Œใƒ„ใ‚ญใƒŽใƒฏใ‚ฐใƒžใŒ็พŽใ—ใ„ใฎใฏ ใ€ - ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ - ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰
07:00
have shiny coats." "Black bears are beautiful since they have shiny coats." "Black bears
61
420920
4920
ใฏๅ…‰ๆฒขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€. ใ€Œใƒ„ใ‚ญใƒŽใƒฏใ‚ฐใƒžใฏ ๅ…‰ๆฒขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใƒ„ใ‚ญใƒŽใƒฏใ‚ฐใƒž
07:05
are beautiful when they have shiny coats." "Black bears are beautiful if they have shiny
62
425840
4040
ใฏใ€ใคใ‚„ใคใ‚„ใ—ใŸๆฏ›ไธฆใฟใŒ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใƒ„ใ‚ญใƒŽใƒฏใ‚ฐใƒžใฏใ€ใคใ‚„ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่ขซๆฏ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ็พŽใ—ใ„
07:09
coats." And again, with "because", "since", "when", "if", you don't need a comma. So whereas
63
429880
7000
ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œbecauseใ€ใ€ใ€Œsinceใ€ใ€ ใ€Œwhenใ€ใ€ใ€Œifใ€ใซใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
07:16
for the fanboys, for "for", "and", "nor", "but", or "yet", "so", you need a comma here.
64
436880
5960
ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒœใƒผใ‚คใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œforใ€ใ€ใ€Œandใ€ใ€ใ€Œnorใ€ใ€ ใ€Œbutใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œyetใ€ใ€ใ€Œsoใ€ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™.
07:22
For "because", "since", "when", "if", we don't use a comma. So again, four ways to deal with
65
442840
6120
ใ€Œbecauseใ€ใ€ใ€Œsinceใ€ใ€ใ€Œwhenใ€ใ€ใ€Œifใ€ใซใฏ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ 4 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
07:28
comma splices -- period, semicolon, one of our fanboys, or making the second part of
66
448960
7000
ใพใ™ใ€‚ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚ปใƒŸใ‚ณใƒญใƒณใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒœใƒผใ‚คใฎ 1 ไบบใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ–‡ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ
07:38
the sentence into a dependent clause. So "because", "since", "when", "if".
67
458880
4680
้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅพ“ๅฑž็ฏ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œไปฅๆฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ใ€ใ€‚
07:43
Thank you for watching this video. For more practice with comma splices, please feel free
68
463560
5400
ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒž ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚นใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ
07:48
to visit us at www.engvid.com, where you can do our test on this. Take care until next
69
468960
6120
ใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใง ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใŠๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆ
07:55
time.
70
475080
20000
ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7