Learn English: 10 abbreviations you should know

923,660 views ใƒป 2014-02-26

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, we are going to talk about 10 abbreviations
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใงใฏใ€็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใ 10 ใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
00:08
you should know.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:10
So first of all, what is an abbreviation? Well, here's a clue in the word. You have
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ใงใฏใ€ใพใš็•ฅ่ชžใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:17
the word "brev". "Brev" -- in other words, "brevity" -- it means to be short. So abbreviations
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ใ€Œbrevใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒBrevใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œbrevity ใ€ใฏใ€็Ÿญใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็•ฅ่ชžใจ
00:26
are words or sentences that we have made short, usually to save time. So for example, ASAP,
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ใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธใฏๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็ฏ€็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็Ÿญใใ—ใŸๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ASAPใ€
00:35
RSVP, RIP, BYOB, BBQ -- you see the pattern? We have capital letters, and they all stand
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RSVPใ€RIPใ€BYOBใ€BBQ ใชใฉใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ
00:45
for something that's longer. So it's a short form of a word or a sentence. So let's look
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้•ทใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏๆ–‡ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
00:51
at ten common abbreviations.
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ใ€10ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็•ฅ่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
00:56
So the first one we have, "ASAP". What does this mean? "As soon as possible", okay? We
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ŒASAPใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใชใ‚‹ในใๆ—ฉใใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:06
use this a lot when we're writing emails, letters, sometimes in conversation. "As soon
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ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚„ๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
01:13
as possible" is long, so when we don't want to say "as soon as possible", we can shorten
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใฏ้•ทใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใจ็Ÿญใใงใ
01:19
it to "ASAP". What are some examples? "Email me ASAP." "Take our quiz ASAP." "Go see the
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œ ่‡ณๆ€ฅใƒกใƒผใƒซใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ
01:33
principal ASAP." So it just means to do something as quickly as you can. And this is a very
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ๆ€ฅใ„ใงๆ ก้•ทใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ
01:41
common expression.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
01:43
Our second abbreviation, "RSVP". What does it mean, "RSVP"? It means, "Please reply."
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2 ใค็›ฎใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใฏใ€ŒRSVPใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒRSVPใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
01:53
Okay? So we often use this if you're invited to something. If, for example, I'm having
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็ง
02:01
a birthday party, and I want all of you to come, I would ask you to RSVP. "Please RSVP
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ใŒ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผ ใ‚’้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใซๆฅใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€RSVP ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
02:10
by Friday." This means, "Please reply. Please tell me you're coming by Friday." "Please
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้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใพใงใซ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใพใงใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
02:19
RSVP as soon as you can." "Please RSVP by next Saturday." So it means, again, "Please
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ ๆฌกใฎๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใพใงใซ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ‚’ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ
02:28
send me a reply so I know you're coming." You, again, see this on invitations, any type
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ฟ”ไฟกใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ‹›ๅพ…็Šถใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—
02:35
of invite, you will see this.
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ใฎๆ‹›ๅพ…็Šถใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
Our next common abbreviation, RIP. You may have seen this before. It means, "Rest in
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ๆฌกใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็•ฅ่ชžใฏ RIP ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฎ‰ใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ
02:46
peace." So when somebody passes away -- when somebody dies -- often on their tombstone,
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็œ ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไบกใใชใฃใŸใจใใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไบกใใชใฃใŸใจใใ€ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅข“็Ÿณใซ
02:53
you'll see "RIP", which stands for, "Rest in peace". If you're on Facebook, and someone
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ใ€ŒRIPใ€ใจ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฎ‰ใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒFacebookใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
03:02
you know, maybe they lose a member of their family, they will often write, "RIP Fluffy"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็Œซใชใ‚‰ใ€ŒRIP Fluffyใ€ใจๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Š
03:09
if it's a cat; "RIP whoever it is". And it means, "Rest in peace." Okay? So this one
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ‚ŒใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจRIPใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€Œๅฎ‰ใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใŠ็œ ใ‚Šใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
03:15
has to do with dying and death.
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ใฏๆญปใฌใ“ใจใจๆญปใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:20
No. 4, "BYOB". This is common when we're talking about parties. And it means, "Bring your own
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็ฌฌ4ไฝใ€ŒBYOBใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ
03:31
beer" or "bring your own booze". Beer, booze -- they're both alcoholic drinks. So "booze"
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ใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้…’ใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ€ใŠ้…’ใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ้ฃฒๆ–™ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒผใ‚บใ€
03:39
is any drink with alcohol in it. And so what that means is if you're invited to a party,
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ใฏใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใŒๅ…ฅใฃใŸ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆ
03:46
maybe the host doesn't have any alcoholic drinks, so they will tell you, "Bring your
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ใ€ไธปๅ‚ฌ่€…ใฏใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ้ฃฒๆ–™ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒๅ‚ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
03:52
own drinks." "Bring your own beer." "Bring your own wine." "BYOB" means "bring your own
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€ŒBYOBใ€ใจใฏใ€ŒใŠ้…’ใ‚’ๆŒใก่พผใ‚€ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
04:01
alcohol". Okay? So it's a very common expression for parties.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
04:07
No. 5, "BBQ". "BBQ" means "barbecue". What's a "barbecue"? It's a way we cook meat. It's
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็ฌฌ5ไฝใ€ŒBBQใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒBBQใ€ใฏใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ™ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ™ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผใ€ใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ่‚‰ใ‚’่ชฟ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
04:18
a way we cook food. You usually have a grill. You put maybe hamburgers, hot dogs on the
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ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’่ชฟ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใฏใ‚ฐใƒชใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚„ใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใƒ‰ใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’
04:24
grill. You barbecue them. You can eat barbecued chicken, different types of barbecue. So "BBQ"
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ใ‚ฐใƒชใƒซใซใฎใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใƒใƒผใƒ™ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒผใƒ™ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผ ใƒใ‚ญใƒณใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎใƒใƒผใƒ™ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒBBQใ€
04:33
refers to a type of food or a party where they will serve hamburgers and hot dogs. So
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ใจใฏใ€ ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚„ใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใƒ‰ใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚„ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
04:40
let's check out five more abbreviations.
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ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ 5 ใคใฎ็•ฅ่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:44
No. 6 on our list is "PIN". So a "PIN" is a password. Usually, you use it with your
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฎ6็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€ŒPINใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒPINใ€ใฏใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€้Š€่กŒใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
04:53
bank. Maybe you have a debit card. You put it into a machine, and it asks you for your
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒžใ‚ทใƒณใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€
05:01
PIN. "PIN" means "personal identity number". So it's a number; sometimes it's four digits;
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PIN ใฎๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒPINใ€ใจใฏใ€Œๅ€‹ไบบ่ญ˜ๅˆฅ็•ชๅทใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ•ฐๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ 4 ๆกใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
sometimes it's six numbers. And it's pretty much a password.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใใ‚Œใฏ6ใคใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:16
No. 7. "E.g." is an abbreviation many people get confused with No. 8, "i.e." So I'll first
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No. 7.ใ€Œไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ๅคšใใฎไบบ ใŒ8็•ชใฎใ€Œi.e.ใ€ใจๆททๅŒใ™ใ‚‹็•ฅ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใพใš
05:25
explain what "e.g." means. So notice first it's E dot G dot. It means "example", okay?
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ใ€Œe.g.ใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚ ใพใšใ€E ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆ G ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œไพ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:33
So when you're writing -- you don't use this in conversation. You don't say, "E.g. blah,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ -- ไผš่ฉฑใงใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ€Œไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
05:38
blah, blah, blah, blah." You use it for writing, specifically. Now, the way you use it is if
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ใ€‚ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ๆ›ธใ่พผใฟใซไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
05:46
you're talking about something -- for example, "I want to tell you about all the animals
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ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œๅตใ‚’็”ฃใ‚€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
05:52
that lay eggs." Okay, so animals that lay eggs. I could say, "There are many animals
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ใพใ™ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅตใ‚’็”ฃใ‚€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใ€‚ ใ€Œ
06:01
that lay eggs. E.g. chickens or hens, ducks -- I think platypuses, although I'm not exactly
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ๅตใ‚’็”ฃใ‚€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฏใƒˆใƒชใ‚„ใƒ‹ใƒฏใƒˆใƒชใ€ใ‚ขใƒ’ใƒซ ใ€ใ‚ซใƒขใƒŽใƒใ‚ทใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
06:13
sure about that one -- snakes, alligators, other birds, ostriches." So I used "e.g."
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใƒ˜ใƒ“ใ€ใƒฏใƒ‹ใ€ ไป–ใฎ้ณฅใ€ใƒ€ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ€Œไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:21
to show these are examples. Okay? So it means "example".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œไพ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:29
This is different from "i.e." -- I dot E dot -- which is used to add clarity to something.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ™ใชใ‚ใกใ€ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ -- I dot E dot -- ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:36
So it means that you say something, and then you want to say it again but maybe in different
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใง่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ
06:43
words. So that sort of means "that is". So you restate an idea. For example, "This happened
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’่จ€ใ„็›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œ
06:52
on Halloween, i.e. October 31st." Okay? So it just clarifies something. It makes something
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ใฏใƒใƒญใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒผใƒณใ€ใคใพใ‚Š 10 ๆœˆ 31 ๆ—ฅใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’
07:03
more clear. You have the same point, but you're repeating it, in a sense, in different words.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒใ˜็‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
07:11
Okay? So "i.e." does not mean "example".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œใ™ใชใ‚ใกใ€ ใ€Œไพ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:16
No. 9, "etc." -- E-T-C. So again, that means "et cetera". And what does this mean? When
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No.9ใ€Œใใฎไป–ใ€ -- E-T-C. ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œetceteraใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:25
you're listing a bunch of different things, you've got many, many things to say, you can
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
use this to mean "and so forth". Okay? So this -- seven, eight, and nine are all used
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€7ใ€8ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ 9 ใฏใ™ในใฆ
07:39
in writing, not in speech. If I read "etc.", an example of this would be, "Today, I went
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ใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใชใใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œetc.ใ€ใจ่ชญใ‚€ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ€
07:48
grocery shopping. I bought many things. I bought eggs, bread, milk, chicken, juice,
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้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ใฎ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ ่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅตใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใ€็‰›ไนณใ€้ถ่‚‰ใ€ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใชใฉใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
07:58
etc." So it means I'm listing a long list -- instead of saying every single thing I
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้•ทใ„ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸ ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใฏใชใ
08:04
bought, which can take me a long time, "etc." means "and so forth". Okay? "I play many sports.
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ใ€้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏๅคšใใฎใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™
08:12
I play soccer; I play baseball, tennis, badminton, etc." Okay? So it means "and so forth".
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ใ€‚ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚้‡Ž็ƒใ€ใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ€ใƒใƒ‰ใƒŸใƒณใƒˆใƒณ ใชใฉใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œใชใฉใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
08:23
Finally, No. 10, "ATM". What is an "ATM"? It stands for "automatic teller machine",
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ10็•ชใ€ŒATMใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒATMใ€ใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็พ้‡‘่‡ชๅ‹•้ ใ‘ๆ‰•ใ„ๆฉŸใ€ใฎ็•ฅใงใ™
08:34
okay? "ATM" is a machine. You usually find it at the bank, or you can find it sometimes
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒATMใ€ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธ ใฏ้Š€่กŒใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
08:41
in stores, on the street. And it's like a bank. You put in your debit card, and it gives
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ใŒใ€่ทฏไธŠใงๅบ—ใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้Š€่กŒใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใŠ้‡‘ใŒๅ…ฅใฃ
08:48
you money. So it's a machine that gives you money, and it's associated with your bank.
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ใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒžใ‚ทใƒณ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้Š€่กŒใซ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:53
Okay? So you might ask, "Where's the closest ATM?" "Are there any ATMs in this mall?" Meaning,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œไธ€็•ช่ฟ‘ใ„ ATM ใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒขใƒผใƒซใซATMใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
09:00
"Are there any bank machines?" Okay?
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ใ€Œ้Š€่กŒใฎ่‡ชๅ‹•่ฒฉๅฃฒๆฉŸใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:04
So I hope you come and visit our website at www.engvid.com ASAP, okay? As soon as you
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
09:14
can. As soon as possible. There, you will find our quiz. You can practice all of these
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ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ
09:19
abbreviations and more. So until next time.
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็•ฅ่ชžใชใฉใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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