5 Native English Speaker Mistakes

323,751 views ใƒป 2013-05-21

English with Alex


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hey guys, I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on five common native
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ €๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:08
English speaker mistakes. So, these are mistakes that native speakers make in conversation
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด
00:13
with other native speakers. So for those of you who are just learning the language, this
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ธธ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
00:19
is good for you too because you will hear these mistakes being made on the street. And
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๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:25
if you're wondering: "Hey, that doesn't sound correct. Why, why is that person not using
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด: "์ด๋ด, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ. ์™œ ์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€
00:29
correct grammar?" It's because they might not know that they are using incorrect grammar.
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?" ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Those of you who are English speakers: well, this is the stuff that drives English teachers
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค: ์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
00:41
absolutely crazy. So, let's begin with number one: Double Negatives.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •.
00:47
Okay, so what's a double negative? There are three examples on the board. We have: "I didn't
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์ด ๋ญ์•ผ? ์น ํŒ์— ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š”
00:52
see nothing.", "She didn't do nothing.", "They don't buy nothing with trans fats." Okay,
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค ์ง€๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ž,
00:59
now you see two negative words in each of these three sentences. In the first one: "I
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์—์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š”
01:05
didn't" so "didn't" obviously is a negative word. We have "nothing" which is also a negative
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค" ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ "์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„"๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:10
word. So if you say "I didn't see nothing", you actually mean that you saw something.
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "I didn't see nothing"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
So you're giving the opposite meaning of what you actually want to say. So what word should
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ
01:23
replace "nothing" in these three sentences?
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์—์„œ "nothing"์„ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š” ?
01:27
"Anything", that's absolutely correct. So,
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"๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ", ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
01:30
you can say, "I didn't see anything.", "She didn't do anything." Or: "They don't buy anything
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"์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชป ๋ดค์–ด.", " ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:46
with trans fats." Okay, so just remember: watch out for those double negatives.
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." ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:51
Now, on to number two: "Less" vs. "Fewer". Okay, so this is a question of count and non-count
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์ด์ œ 2๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ ๊ฒŒ" ๋Œ€ "์ ๊ฒŒ". ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:00
nouns. Basically, when you use "less", you should only be using it with non-count nouns.
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. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ "less"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
So we're talking about nouns like honey, water, milk -- anything you can think of that you
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฟ€, ๋ฌผ, ์šฐ์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
can't really count like abstract concepts like love or justice, for example. Now, things
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
02:20
that you can count and are in plural form should be using "fewer".
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ "fewer"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
So in these three examples there are three mistakes. We have: "There were less than 50
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "
02:31
people at the club.", "There are less reasons to own a home phone today.", "I know less
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ํด๋Ÿฝ์—๋Š” 50๋ช… ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.", " ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ง‘ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹ค.", "๋‚˜๋Š”
02:37
languages than my cousin." All of these are absolutely wrong because they all use "less",
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๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” "less"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:43
which you should be using for non-count nouns. But, if you look at this closely: "people"
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด "์‚ฌ๋žŒ"
02:49
-- you can count people. You have "reasons" -- you can count reasons. "Languages" -- you
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-- ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ด์œ "๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ธ์–ด" --
02:54
can also count languages. So with all of these, you should actually be saying, "fewer, fewer,
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์–ธ์–ด๋„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ "๋” ์ ๋‹ค, ์ ๋‹ค,
03:01
fewer". Now, I know this is a mistake that I hear commonly, especially with relation
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์ ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ํžˆ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:07
to people. "Less people" -- you should actually be saying, "Fewer people, fewer reasons, fewer,"--
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. "์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ ๋‹ค" -- ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:15
sorry -- "fewer languages". So remember: if it's plural, it's countable, you're thinking
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”: ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ผ๋ฉด ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€
03:24
"less/fewer". If you can count it, it's plural: "fewer".
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"less/fewer"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "fewer".
03:28
Now, let's move on to number three: "I could care less." This is an expression we use when
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค . ์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:35
we want to say that we have almost no interest in something that one of our friends or somebody
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:42
has just said. So for example: -"Spain won the World Cup!" And you might, say, hear somebody
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด: -"์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์ด ์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
03:48
say, -"I don't care about soccer, I could care less about this.", -"Dianne bought a
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์—†์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด.", - "๋‹ค์ด์•ค์ด
03:53
new purse!" -"I don't know Diane, I don't know her very well; I could care less about
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์ƒˆ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์„ ์ƒ€์–ด!"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -"๋‚˜๋Š” Diane์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Dianne์ด ์ƒˆ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:58
Dianne buying a new purse." -"Do you like U2?" -"I could care less about U2." Maybe
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." -"U2๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ?" -"U2์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์•„๋งˆ๋„
04:04
because I'm not a fan of rock and roll or I just don't like the band, or I don't like
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋กœํฐ๋กค ํŒฌ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:09
Bono's political views or something like that. Now, this expression: "I could care less",
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Bono์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„: "I could care less"๋Š”
04:14
actually says that you care a little bit. So what you're trying to say is not exactly
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:21
what you're trying to say. If you want to say that you have no interest or this doesn't
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. ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:27
affect you in some way, the expression is: "I could not care less." Okay? So let's just
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด "I could not care less." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
04:32
fix this up here and say: "I couldn't care less." This means your interest is so low that there's nowhere
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐˆ ๊ณณ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:46
for you to go. If you say: "I could care less", maybe you care this much and you could still
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. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด "I could care less"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋งŒํผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
04:53
care a little more -- or sorry --, care a little less. Okay guys, so again, next time
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์—
04:59
you want to show that you don't have any interest in a topic a person is talking to you about,
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:04
say: "I couldn't care less." Now let's move on to number four: "Have went".
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"I could't care less." ์ด์ œ 4๋ฒˆ์ธ "๊ฐ€์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
This is a problem of using the incorrect verb form. So basically in English, you're going
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
05:16
to have three verb forms for each verb. So for example: with the verb "go" we have the
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๊ฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ "go"์—๋Š”
05:21
present: "go", the past: "went", and we have the past participle which we use in the perfect
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ํ˜„์žฌํ˜• "go", ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•: "went", ์˜์–ด์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•
05:28
forms of English, which is "gone". So when you use: "have + went", you actually mean:
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"gone"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "have + gone"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
05:35
"have gone" and you should be saying: "have gone".
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"have gone"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ "have gone"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
So I have three examples here. "I've went to Ohio 3 times!", "We should've went earlier.",
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค์— 3๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ”์–ด!", "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ๊ฐ”์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด.", "
05:44
"They could've went with us." All of these are wrong because they all use the incorrect
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
05:50
form of the verb "go". So instead of saying: "I've went to Ohio 3 times!" we should be
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"go" ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค์— 3๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:56
saying: "I've gone to Ohio 3 times!", "We should've went earlier." --"We should've gone
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค์— 3๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!", "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ๊ฐ”์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:06
earlier.", "They could've went with us." --"They could've gone with us." So basically, any
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๋” ์ผ์ฐ ๊ฐ”์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด.", "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด." --"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:14
time you have "have" plus the verb "go" in like the past form so: "could have, should
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"have"์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ "go"๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด "could have, should
06:20
have, might have, would have" or just simply "have", please use the correct form of the
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have, might have, would have" ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ "have"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:26
verb, which is "gone". Now, let's move on to the final mistake, number
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"์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ. ์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ
06:31
five: "Is/Are" and "Was/Were". Now, this is a mistake between thinking there is one of
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"Is/Are" ๋ฐ "Was/Were"๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:38
something versus many of something. So for example: normally we use "is" with the subject
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด
06:44
"he/she", right? "He is", "she is", or "it is", and we use "are" with which subject?
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"he/she"์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "is"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "He is", "she is" ๋˜๋Š” "it is", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "are"๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:52
Well, we can say: "You are" or "they are", right? For the plural "they". However, many
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋‹น์‹ ์€"๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋“ค์€"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• "๊ทธ๋“ค"์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€
06:58
English speakers make the mistake of using "is" when they should be using "are", like
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์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด "are"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ "is"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:03
in the three examples I have here. So we have "There's 2 cars in the driveway.",
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ฐจ๋„์— 2๋Œ€์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.",
07:08
"There was 3 mice in the kitchen!", and "There wasn't enough students to run the program."
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"์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์— 3๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!", " ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•  ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:15
Now, all these three examples have plurals. So we have "2 cars", we have "3 mice", we
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ž๋™์ฐจ 2๋Œ€", "์ฅ 3๋Œ€",
07:23
have "students"; these all mean plural. So if you have a verb -- a verb, I apologize,
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"ํ•™์ƒ"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด -- ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
I meant an object --, a noun that is plural, you should be using "are". So we don't say:
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์ €๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "are"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:35
"There's 2 cars", we say: "There are 2 cars in the driveway." We don't say: "There was
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"์ฐจ๊ฐ€ 2๋Œ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  "์ฐจ๋„์— ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ 2๋Œ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "
07:43
3 mice in the kitchen!" --"There were 3 mice in the kitchen." We don't say: "There wasn't
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์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์— ์ฅ 3๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค!"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --"๋ถ€์—Œ์— ์ฅ 3๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "
07:51
enough students", you say: "There weren't enough students to run the program."
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ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  " ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•  ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Okay guys, so just as a reminder: please, please try and avoid these mistakes. We have
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ: ์ œ๋ฐœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:05
double negatives, "less and fewer", "could care less", "have went", and up here: "is/are,
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"less and less", "could care less", "have go"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:13
was/were". If you'd like to test your understanding of this knowledge, you can check out the quiz
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. ์ด ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด www.engvid.com์—์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:17
on www.engvid.com. Good luck guys, and take care.
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. ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Learn English for free www.engvid.com
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์„ธ์š” www.engvid.com

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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