Speaking English - Tag Questions - How to express assumptions or comment on a situation

213,126 views ใƒป 2009-06-29

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey, this is Alex, and welcome to this lesson on tag questions.
0
0
11000
ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚น ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:11
Now, this lesson is particularly useful if you're, you know, trying to improve your English speaking ability,
1
11000
6000
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซ็‰นใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
00:17
but there's also a fair bit of grammar involved in it.
2
17000
3000
ใŒใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Š ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™.
00:20
So, let's look.
3
20000
2000
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:22
So, first of all, what is a tag question?
4
22000
3000
ใงใฏใ€ใพใš ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒใƒงใƒณใจใฏ๏ผŸ
00:25
We use it, essentially, for three different reasons.
5
25000
3000
ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ ใซใ€3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:28
First of all, if you want to comment on a situation.
6
28000
3000
ใพใš ใ€็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
00:31
Secondly, if you want to get more information from someone,
7
31000
5000
็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—ใŸใ„
00:36
or if you want to check information that you already believe to be true.
8
36000
4000
ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ™ใงใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ.
00:40
So, for example, we have a statement.
9
40000
4000
ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
First of all, a tag question is composed of two parts as well.
10
44000
3000
ใพใšใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚‚ 2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:47
A full statement, so that is Henry's car, which is a full sentence.
11
47000
5000
ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒ˜ใƒณใƒชใƒผใฎ่ปŠ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:52
And the tag.
12
52000
2000
ใใ—ใฆใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใ€‚
00:54
So, how you make the tag is, you look at the form of the verb "to be" here.
13
54000
5000
ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œto beใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:59
That is Henry's car.
14
59000
2000
ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏใƒ˜ใƒณใƒชใƒผใฎ่ปŠใงใ™ใ€‚
01:01
Now, since this is in the affirmative and the positive, the tag switches to negative.
15
61000
5000
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš ใจ่‚ฏๅฎšใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใฏๅฆๅฎšใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
So, the negative of "is" is "isn't", right?
16
66000
3000
ใ€Œisใ€ใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใฏใ€Œisn'tใ€ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:09
So, that is Henry's car, isn't it?
17
69000
4000
ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏใƒ˜ใƒณใƒชใƒผใฎ่ปŠ ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
01:13
Okay, so, in this case, what we're doing is we're either checking the information that we believe to be true.
18
73000
13000
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
So, we think that is Henry's car.
19
86000
2000
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ˜ใƒณใƒชใƒผใฎ่ปŠใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:28
But to check that, we would say, "That's Henry's car, isn't it?"
20
88000
3000
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใƒ˜ใƒณใƒชใƒผใฎ่ปŠใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:31
We're not 100% certain that it is.
21
91000
2000
ใใ‚ŒใŒ100%็ขบๅฎŸใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
01:33
We're checking the information or trying to get the information.
22
93000
3000
ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใพใŸใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
Okay, versus the second example here is, "It wasn't a nice day yesterday."
23
96000
7000
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใ„ใ„ๆ—ฅใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:43
So, we have "wasn't", first of all, which is past, and it's also negative.
24
103000
6000
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œwasn'tใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:49
Okay, so, the positive, since we have the negative first, the tag has to be positive.
25
109000
6000
ใงใฏใ€ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ๅˆใซใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:55
"It wasn't a nice day yesterday, was it?"
26
115000
4000
ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใ„ใ„ๆ—ฅใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸใญ๏ผŸใ€
01:59
"Wasn't", "was".
27
119000
2000
ใ€Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
02:01
Okay, so, in this case, are we checking information?
28
121000
8000
ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:09
Are we getting information?
29
129000
2000
็งใŸใกใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:11
Or are we just commenting on a situation?
30
131000
4000
ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ใ€็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:15
Well, this would be more of a comment on a situation.
31
135000
4000
ใพใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:19
Now, how we differentiate when we're commenting on a situation versus when we're trying to get information
32
139000
6000
ใ•ใฆใ€็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใจๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚’ๅŒบๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•
02:25
is where we put the emphasis or the stress on the last word or on the last part of the tag question.
33
145000
8000
ใฏใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‚Šๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™.
02:33
So, for example, "That is Henry's car, isn't it?"
34
153000
3000
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใฏใƒ˜ใƒณใƒชใƒผใฎ่ปŠใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€
02:36
So, you see my voice rises at the end as if I'm asking a question, I'm checking information, or I'm getting information.
35
156000
7000
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ— ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็งใฎๅฃฐใŒไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
Versus this example, "Listen to how I say this."
36
163000
4000
ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
02:47
"It wasn't a nice day yesterday, was it?"
37
167000
3000
ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใ„ใ„ๆ—ฅใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸใญ๏ผŸใ€
02:50
My voice went down at the end.
38
170000
3000
ๆœ€ๅพŒใฏๅฃฐใŒๆžฏใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:53
"Was it", "It wasn't", "Was it?"
39
173000
2000
ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใ€Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€
02:55
"It wasn't a nice day yesterday, was it?"
40
175000
2000
ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใ„ใ„ๆ—ฅใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸใญ๏ผŸใ€
02:57
It means that you're not sure, you don't know if it was a nice day, right?
41
177000
3000
ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ๆ—ฅใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:00
So, what you want to do, if you just want to comment that it was a nice day, or, sorry, it wasn't a nice day,
42
180000
5000
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ„ใ„ๆ—ฅใ ใฃใŸใจใ‹ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ๆ—ฅใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ‹ใ€ใŸใ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใ ใจใ—
03:05
your voice would go down at the end.
43
185000
2000
ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅฃฐใŒไธ‹ใŒใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:07
"It wasn't a nice day yesterday, was it?"
44
187000
2000
ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใ„ใ„ๆ—ฅใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸใญ๏ผŸใ€
03:09
Okay, so let's do the last two here.
45
189000
2000
ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 2 ใคใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:11
"You haven't seen my keys."
46
191000
5000
ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎ้ตใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
03:16
So, we have "haven't", again, negative, past participle, "my keys", "You haven't seen my keys, have you?"
47
196000
16000
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œhaven'tใ€ใ€ๅ†ใณๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉž ใ€Œmy keysใ€ใ€ใ€ŒYou have not seen my keys, have you?ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:32
Okay, here you're trying to get information, right?
48
212000
3000
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:35
So, your voice would go up at the end.
49
215000
2000
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅฃฐใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€‚
03:37
"You haven't seen my keys, have you?"
50
217000
2000
ใ€Œ็งใฎ้ตใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸใ€
03:39
Versus "You haven't seen my keys, have you?"
51
219000
3000
ๅฏพใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎ้ตใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€
03:42
I guess you could do it that way as well, but, again, that's more, you're trying to check, sorry, not check the information,
52
222000
7000
ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซ ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ
03:49
but, yes, you're trying to check the information.
53
229000
2000
ใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:51
I apologize, I stumbled there.
54
231000
2000
ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ“ใงใคใพใšใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:53
Okay, so the last one, "You're from Vietnam, aren't you?"
55
233000
3000
ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ ใ€Œใƒ™ใƒˆใƒŠใƒ ๅ‡บ่บซใงใ™ใญใ€ใ€‚
03:56
Or, "Aren't you?"
56
236000
1000
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
03:57
Depends how you put the emphasis.
57
237000
7000
ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:04
Okay, I apologize, it's a little scrunched in there.
58
244000
5000
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็”ณใ—่จณ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ“ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใใ—ใ‚ƒใใ—ใ‚ƒใงใ™ใ€‚
04:09
Okay, so, again, if you're trying to just comment on the situation, make sure your voice goes down at the end.
59
249000
5000
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅฃฐใ‚’่ฝใก็€ใ‹ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
04:14
If you're trying to make a comment on the situation or get information from someone, make sure your voice goes up at the end.
60
254000
7000
็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅฃฐใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:21
So, this example, "You're from Vietnam, aren't you?"
61
261000
5000
ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ™ใƒˆใƒŠใƒ ๅ‡บ่บซใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
04:26
If I say, "You're from Vietnam, aren't you?"
62
266000
2000
ใ€Œใƒ™ใƒˆใƒŠใƒ ๅ‡บ่บซใงใ™ใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€‚
04:28
I'm trying to get information from the person, right?
63
268000
3000
็งใฏใใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:31
Versus if I say, "You're from Vietnam, aren't you?"
64
271000
3000
ใ€Œใƒ™ใƒˆใƒŠใƒ ๅ‡บ่บซใงใ™ใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰
04:34
At the end, you're kind of just trying to confirm something that you already believe to be true.
65
274000
5000
็ตๅฑ€ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ ใ™ใงใซ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™.
04:39
You're commenting that they are from Vietnam.
66
279000
2000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒ™ใƒˆใƒŠใƒ ๅ‡บ่บซใ ใจใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ—ใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:41
Okay?
67
281000
1000
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:42
Now, I'll be right back with an exception that actually deals with this.
68
282000
9000
ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใ‚Œใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ไพ‹ๅค–ใซใคใ„ใฆใ™ใใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:51
Okay, so let's look at one more rule that involves the verbs "do" and "have."
69
291000
5000
ใงใฏ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œdoใ€ใจใ€Œhaveใ€ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:56
So, you notice I have two sentences up here.
70
296000
2000
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใŠๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:58
The first one says, "You have driven here before, haven't you?"
71
298000
4000
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไบบใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‰ใซใ“ใ“ใ‚’้‹่ปขใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
The second one says, "He has a car, doesn't he?"
72
302000
3000
2 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
So, you might be thinking, okay, this one has "have."
73
305000
4000
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
It ends with "haven't you," right?
74
309000
3000
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
05:12
So, you have the affirmative, meaning the tag has to be negative.
75
312000
3000
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใŒ่ฒ ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
The negative form of the verb, which is "have."
76
315000
3000
ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ€‚
05:18
"Have," "haven't," makes sense.
77
318000
2000
ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใซใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:20
Here, you have, "He has a car, doesn't he?"
78
320000
4000
ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€
05:24
Okay, you have "has," "he has."
79
324000
3000
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:27
The negative should be "hasn't," right?
80
327000
2000
ๅฆๅฎšใฏใ€Œใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:29
So, you might be thinking, "He has a car, hasn't he?"
81
329000
3000
ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:32
Isn't that what it's supposed to be?
82
332000
2000
ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๆฅใ‚ใ‚‹ในใๅงฟใงใฏใชใ„ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
05:34
No, you use the verb "do," and I'll tell you why.
83
334000
4000
ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œdoใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
Here, you're using the present perfect tense.
84
338000
4000
ใ“ใ“ใง ใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:42
"You have driven."
85
342000
1000
ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้‹่ปขใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
05:43
So, you have "have" plus the past participle, "have driven."
86
343000
5000
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใซ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€Œhave driveใ€ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:48
When you're using the present perfect, you keep the rules that I told you guys,
87
348000
5000
็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใฏ ใ€็งใŒ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Š
05:53
which is, if it's affirmative, change it to the negative.
88
353000
4000
ใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใง ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:57
Whereas, if it is said, "You haven't driven here before," it would be "have you," right?
89
357000
6000
ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ“ใพใง้‹่ปขใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:03
So, if you have the present perfect, "haven't."
90
363000
3000
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:06
If you have simply the simple present, "He has," "He has a car."
91
366000
6000
ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜็ด”ใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:12
There's no past participle here.
92
372000
3000
ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:15
"He has a car," the tag has to be the verb "do," okay?
93
375000
6000
ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใฏใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:21
"Doesn't he," "He has a car, doesn't he?"
94
381000
3000
ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใญใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€
06:24
Okay, if you'd like to test your knowledge of these rules,
95
384000
3000
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
06:27
and these two in particular actually might seem a little tricky if you haven't used tag questions before,
96
387000
6000
ใ€็‰นใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2 ใคใฏใ€ ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใซๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
06:33
but if you'd like to check your own knowledge, please go to www.engvid.com to check out a quiz.
97
393000
5000
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่กŒใฃใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:38
My name is Alex McCarr. Take care.
98
398000
16000
็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒป ใƒžใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7