English Spelling: When to Double Consonants

265,788 views ใƒป 2009-05-12

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, my name is Alex, and welcome to this lesson on doubling consonants for one and two-syllable
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚น ใงใ™ใ€‚1 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใจ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:11
words.
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ใ€‚
00:12
Now the rules that I'm going to give you today apply when you want to change a word into
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ไปŠๆ—ฅ็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏ ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’
00:16
either the comparative, superlative, progressive, or past form.
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ๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใ€ๆœ€ไธŠ็ดšใ€ ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€ใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:22
For example, when we're talking about the comparative and superlative forms, we're talking
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใจๆœ€ไธŠ็ดšใฎๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€-er ใจ -est
00:27
about words that end in -er and -est.
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ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:31
For example, if we have the word "big," for, if you want to change that into the comparative,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œbigใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใซๅค‰ใˆ
00:36
we would say "bigger," b-i-g-g-e-r, ends in -er.
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ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œbiggerใ€ b-i-g-g-e-r ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€-er ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
For superlative, it is -est, "biggest."
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ๆœ€ไธŠ็ดšใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€-estใ€ใ€Œๆœ€ๅคงใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:45
Now when we're talking about the past form, as well as the progressive form, we're talking
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝข
00:50
about words that end in -ed for the past, and we're talking about words that end in
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ใฎ -ed ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ ่ฉฑใ—ใ€้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎ -ing ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ
00:57
-ing for the progressive.
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
00:59
Okay, so let's take a look at these rules.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:03
Number one, for one-syllable words.
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ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณ ใ€ไธ€้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€‚
01:07
We call this the CBC rule.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ CBC ใƒซใƒผใƒซใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
01:09
So you might be asking yourself, "What does CBC stand for?"
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€ŒCBC ใฏไฝ•ใฎ็•ฅใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่‡ชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:12
Very simply, CBC stands for consonant-vowel-consonant.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ CBC ใฏ consonant-vowel-consonant ใฎ็•ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
01:18
So if a one-syllable word ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, we double the last letter and add
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€1 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๅญ้Ÿณ - ๆฏ้Ÿณ - ๅญ้Ÿณใฎ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ—
01:26
our ending.
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ใฆ่ชžๅฐพใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:28
For example, let's, it works better if you actually have an example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
So let's look at the word "stopped."
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ€ŒๆญขใพใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:33
If you want to say "stopped," if you want to put it in the past form, we see here the
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ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
01:39
last three letters are t-o-p.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 3 ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒ to-o-p ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:42
Again, it's a one-syllable word, "stopped," one syllable, ends in C-V-C, so we double
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใจใ„ใ† 1 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ 1 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏ C-V-C ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง
01:54
the last letter, P, and we wanted to say "stopped," right, so we just add -ed, "stopped."
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ๅญ— P ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸ ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ-edใ€ใจใ€Œๅœๆญขใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ "
02:02
Same thing for this word, "drip," D-R-I-P, "drip," one syllable, C-V-C.
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ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ€ D-R-I-Pใ€ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ€1 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎ C-V-C ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:12
So we would double the last P.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ P ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
So let's say we want to say something is "dripping," so we would go P, double the P, I-N-G, okay,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ€Œๆปดใ‚Š่ฝใกใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€Pใ€P ใฎ 2 ๅ€ใ€I-N-G ใ‚’
02:26
and let's use the superlative form of E-S-T, or "bigest," for "big."
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ "ๅคงใใ„ใ€‚"
02:31
So again, "big," most basic form, it's a three-letter word, B-I-G, follows the consonant-vowel-consonant
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€"big" ใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๅฝขใง ใ€B-I-G ใจใ„ใ† 3 ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ€ๅญ้Ÿณ-ๆฏ้Ÿณ-ๅญ้Ÿณใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ„ใพใ™
02:39
rule.
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ใ€‚
02:40
So we want to say "bigest," so we double the last letter, add E-S-T, okay.
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ใ€Œๆœ€ๅคงใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใง ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ—ใฆใ€E-S-T ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:48
Rule two, this is a stress rule, and this applies to two-syllable words.
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซ 2ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚น ใƒซใƒผใƒซใง ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:54
So if we have a word like "enter" or "exit," where is the stress on the word?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฉใ“ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
03:04
It's in the first half of the word, the first syllable of the word.
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ‰ๅŠใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:08
So when you say "enter," "exit," the stress is on the "eh," "eh."
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
So when the stress is on the first syllable of a word in a two-syllable word, we do not
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅผทๅ‹ขใŒ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
03:20
double the last letter.
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:23
So we would simply say, if you want to say "entering," I-N-G, we would just add the
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ I-N-G ใ‚’ๅ˜ใซ
03:31
I-N-G.
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I-N-G ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:32
Same with "exit," again, "exit," the stress is on the first syllable, "exit," "exit,"
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ใ€Œexitใ€ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใใ€Œexitใ€ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€Œexitใ€ใ€Œexitใ€ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Š
03:40
right?
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ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:41
The first syllable is more distinct.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
So we would just say, if you wanted to say "we exited the theater," you would just
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๅŠ‡ๅ ดใ‚’ๅ‡บใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
03:49
add E-D.
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ใ€E-D ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:50
Okay, so what do you think happens when the stress is on the second syllable?
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ใงใฏใ€ๅผท ๅ‹ขใŒ็ฌฌ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
03:56
So here we have two other words, we have "admit" and we have "begin."
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€ ใ€Œ่ชใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
These are two words where the stress is on the second syllable.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ๅผท่ชฟใŒ็ฌฌ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:06
"Admit," the stress, again, second syllable, "begin," stress on the second syllable.
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"Admit" ใฎๅผท่ชฟใฏใ€ๅ†ใณ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€ "begin" ใฎๅผท่ชฟใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:14
In these cases, it has to follow the CVC rule, by the way, it still has to go vowel, sorry,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€CVC ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใกใชใฟใซใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
04:20
consonant, vowel, consonant, and we double the last letter.
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ๅญ้Ÿณใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใฎ้ † ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
So if we want to say "admitting," "admitting," you just double the last T.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ่ชใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œ่ชใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ T ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:35
Okay, and again, this is "begin," follows CVC, G-I-N, consonant, vowel, consonant, second
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04:45
syllable is more stressed than the first, double the last letter, and we're just going
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซ ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ—ใฆใ€
04:52
to put "beginning" for this one.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ€Œๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:55
Okay, so now that you have that down, why don't you go to www.engvid.com and check out
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง ็†่งฃใงใใŸใฎใงใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—
05:01
the quiz to see if you fully got it.
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
05:04
All right, thanks again for watching, my name is Alex, take care.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใพใŸ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
05:07
Whoa, whoa, whoa, one more thing.
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ใŠใฃใจใ€ใŠใฃใจใ€ใŠใฃใจใ€ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ€‚
05:11
There is an exception to the rule, okay, when you have a word that ends in a Q-U-I plus
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ใ“ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚OKใ€Q-U-I ใจๅญ้Ÿณใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
05:17
a consonant pattern, it actually does follow the doubling consonant rule.
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ๅญ้Ÿณๅ€ๅข—่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:24
Now why that is, because Q-U, when you pronounce the word "quit," the Q sounds like a K, right?
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Q-Uใ€ ใ€Œquitใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Q ใฏ K ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:34
"Kuh-wit," "quit," you hear the "wuh" sound, it's a W. Okay, so if you have the Q-U, it
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ใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ W ใงใ™ใ€‚Q-U ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:42
actually makes a W sound, which makes this a consonant, vowel, consonant.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ W ใฎ้Ÿณใซ ใชใ‚Šใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
So we would have to double the last letter, let's say we want to say "quitting," "quitting."
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:58
Same with "equip," so here we have Q-U, Q-U-I, "equip."
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ใ€Œ่ฃ…ๅ‚™ใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใช ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ Q-Uใ€Q-U-Iใ€ใ€Œ่ฃ…ๅ‚™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:07
So this is kind of like a W sound, or K-W, sorry, K-W sound, "ip," consonant, vowel,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ W ใฎ้Ÿณใ€ใพใŸใฏ K-Wใ€ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€K-W ใฎ้Ÿณใ€ใ€Œipใ€ใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€
06:16
consonant.
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ๅญ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ Q-U-I
06:17
Here you're working on the sounds, Q-U-I.
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:18
So you would have to double the last letter, if you want to say "equipped," you would write
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ่ฃ…ๅ‚™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:25
P-E-D.
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ใ€‚P-E-D ใจๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
Okay, so that's the exception, remember that one, see you later.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€ใพใŸๅพŒใงใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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