How to talk about CLIMATE CHANGE in English

702,566 views ใƒป 2021-11-13

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- How do you talk about climate change in English
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- ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ
00:04
and with confidence?
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่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:05
Let's find out.
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็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:07
(upbeat music)
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(้™ฝๆฐ—ใช้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
00:18
Hello, this is Keith from English Speaking Success.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ตใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใฎใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:21
And also, if you didn't know,
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ใพใŸใ€ใ”ๅญ˜ใ˜ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
00:22
I run the website Keith Speaking Academy.
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็งใฏ Keith Speaking Academy ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:26
Nice to see you here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใŠไผšใ„ใงใใฆใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:27
Hoping to, well, help you speak better English,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใ€
00:30
give better answers and get a higher score
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใ€IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:33
on IELTS Speaking.
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ใ€‚
00:34
So today I'm going to take you on a rather quick tour
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ใใ“ใงไปŠๆ—ฅ
00:38
of the key language you need to speak about climate change.
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ใฏใ€ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใช้‡่ฆใช่จ€่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:43
We're gonna look at five things.
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5ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
You're going to learn key terminology,
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ไธป่ฆใช็”จ่ชžใ€
00:47
some advance collocations,
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€
00:49
some useful verbs, some nice phrasal verbs
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž
00:54
and five, some idiomatic expressions.
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ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ 5 ใคใฎๆ…ฃ็”จ่กจ็พใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
It doesn't get any better.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:59
Let's do it.
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:05
Right, let's dig in first with some terminology.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๆœ€ๅˆ ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็”จ่ชžใ‚’ๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:08
First one, of course, climate change.
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ใพใšใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:10
Of course.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:11
This is the longterm change to the weather
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธ–็•Œใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใจๆฐ—ๆธฉใฎ้•ทๆœŸ็š„ใชๅค‰ๅŒ–
01:15
and the temperature in the world.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:17
We're getting more extreme weather.
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็•ฐๅธธๆฐ—่ฑกใŒๅข—ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:19
Storms and flooding and so on.
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ๅตใจๆดชๆฐดใชใฉใ€‚
01:22
And of course, global warming,
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
01:24
as the planet gets warmer or hotter.
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ใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใŒๆš–ใ‹ใใชใฃใŸใ‚Š็†ฑใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅœฐ็ƒๆธฉๆš–ๅŒ–ใ€‚
01:28
Number two, CO2.
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€CO2ใ€‚
01:31
Not CEO.
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CEOใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:32
CO2 is carbon dioxide.
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CO2ใฏไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:35
Carbon dioxide.
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ไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ใ€‚
01:37
Carbon dioxide is one of the gasses,
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ไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ใฏ
01:40
it's one of the greenhouse gasses
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ใ‚ฌใ‚นใฎ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
01:42
that contributes to global warming and climate change.
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ๅœฐ็ƒ ๆธฉๆš–ๅŒ–ใจๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซๅฏ„ไธŽใ™ใ‚‹ๆธฉๅฎคๅŠนๆžœใ‚ฌใ‚นใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
01:46
It's kind of seen as the baddy.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎใฎๆ‚ช่€…ใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
The not good gas.
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่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ‚ฌใ‚นใ€‚
01:50
That is part of the problem.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ•้กŒใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:52
The next one, carbon emissions.
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ๆฌกใฏ็‚ญ็ด ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:55
Difficult to say.
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่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
01:56
Carbon emissions.
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็‚ญ็ด ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใ€‚
01:58
Can you say it?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:00
Great.
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ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€‚
02:01
So carbon emissions is how much carbon we put
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็‚ญ็ด ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใจใฏ ใ€็งใŸใก
02:05
into the atmosphere.
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ใŒๅคงๆฐ—ไธญใซๆ”พๅ‡บใ—ใŸ็‚ญ็ด ใฎ้‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:08
So when we burn fossil fuels like oil, gas, coal,
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็Ÿณๆฒนใ€ใ‚ฌใ‚นใ€็Ÿณ็‚ญใชใฉใฎๅŒ–็Ÿณ็‡ƒๆ–™ใ‚’
02:13
then what happens is we're putting CO2 into the air.
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็‡ƒใ‚„ใ™ใจใ€ไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ใŒๅคงๆฐ—ไธญใซๆ”พๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:17
This is the damage we do.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใงใ™ใ€‚
02:19
Of course there are also natural carbon emissions.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ่‡ช็„ถๆŽ’ๅ‡บใฎไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:22
For example, from breathing or decomposition as well.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ‘ผๅธ ใ‚„ๅˆ†่งฃใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ€‚
02:27
Next one, carbon footprint.
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ๆฌกใฏใ‚ซใƒผใƒœใƒณใƒ•ใƒƒใƒˆใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใƒˆใ€‚ ็ ‚ใฎ
02:30
You know when you walk on the sand, you leave a footprint
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ไธŠใ‚’ๆญฉใใจ
02:33
in the sand and you can see where you've been?
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ใ€็ ‚ใซ่ถณ่ทกใŒๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ ใฉใ“ใซใ„ใŸใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:35
Carbon footprint is the same idea.
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ไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:38
It's how much CO2 you put into the atmosphere.
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ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ๅคงๆฐ—ไธญใซๆŠ•ๅ…ฅใ—ใŸ CO2 ใฎ้‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:44
And from your activities, like using electricity,
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ใพใŸใ€ ้›ปๆฐ—ใฎไฝฟ็”จใ€ใฉใ“
02:47
maybe taking a plane somewhere, or driving your car,
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ใ‹ใธใฎ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎ็งปๅ‹• ใ€่ปŠใฎ้‹่ปขใชใฉใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
02:51
we can see how much CO2 you're putting out.
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ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎ CO2 ใ‚’ๆŽ’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:54
That's your carbon footprint.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:56
It can apply to a person, to a company,
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ไบบใ€ไผš็คพใ€ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใซ้ฉ็”จใงใใพใ™
02:59
to an event.
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ใ€‚
03:00
The carbon footprint.
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ไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใ€‚
03:03
Next, carbon neutral.
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ๆฌกใซใ‚ซใƒผใƒœใƒณใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใ€‚
03:05
The idea here is that when the CO2 we put
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใฏใ€็งใŸใก
03:09
into the environment is the same as the CO2
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ใŒ็’ฐๅขƒใซๆŠ•ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ CO2 ใŒใ€็’ฐๅขƒใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŽ’ๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ CO2 ใจๅŒใ˜ๅ ดๅˆใ€
03:12
we take out of the environment
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03:14
that it's carbon neutral, it's level.
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ใ‚ซใƒผใƒœใƒณ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:17
So for example, if you're driving your car
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ‹ไบบใฎๅฎถใพใง่ปŠใ‚’้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€่ปŠ
03:20
to your friend's house,
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ใ‹ใ‚‰
03:21
you're putting CO2 into the atmosphere from your car,
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ไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ใ€่ปŠใฎ็‡ƒๆ–™ใ‚’ๅคงๆฐ—ไธญใซๆŽ’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™
03:25
the fuel from the car.
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ใ€‚
03:27
However, if when you get to your friend's house
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅ‹ไบบใฎๅฎถใซ็€ใ„ใฆ
03:30
you plant a tree,
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ๆœจใ‚’ๆคใˆใ‚Œใฐ
03:32
the tree will be taking in CO2 and that can balance out,
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ใ€ๆœจใฏ CO2 ใ‚’ๅธๅŽใ—ใ€ใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹
03:37
so you're carbon neutral.
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ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ซใƒผใƒœใƒณใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
Clever, hey?
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่ณขใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
03:41
Although, your friend's gonna end up with a lot of trees
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใฎ ๅบญใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆœจใŒ็”Ÿใˆใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™
03:43
in his garden.
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ใ€‚
03:45
Next, net zero emissions.
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ๆฌกใซใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ผใƒญใ‚จใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€‚
03:49
To be honest, it's the same as carbon neutral.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใ€ ใ‚ซใƒผใƒœใƒณใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:52
So all of the big governments around the world
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ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธป่ฆใชๆ”ฟๅบœใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
03:56
are now striving to have net zero emissions.
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ๆญฃๅ‘ณใ‚ผใƒญๆŽ’ๅ‡บใซๅ‘ใ‘ใฆๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
So that at the end of the day what they put out
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ‡บใ—ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ
04:04
and bring in is gonna be the same.
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ใฏๅŒใ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:06
So there's no extra CO2 causing climate change.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใ‚‹ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช CO2 ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:12
So you'll hear governments talking
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒใƒใƒƒใƒˆ ใ‚ผใƒญ ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒƒใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:14
about net zero commitments.
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ใ€‚
04:16
They have a net zero commitment to be carbon neutral
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซใ‚ซใƒผใƒœใƒณใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใƒใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ผใƒญใฎใ‚ณใƒŸใƒƒใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„
04:20
in the near future.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:22
So we all have to reduce our carbon footprints.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
Well, there's things that governments could do,
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
04:27
there's things individuals can do.
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ๅ€‹ไบบใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:30
That's the topic for another video.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
04:33
Finally, renewable energy.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅ†็”Ÿๅฏ่ƒฝใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
04:35
So we've got energy that comes from things like coal,
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€็Ÿณ็‚ญใ€
04:40
gas, these fossil fuels,
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ใ‚ฌใ‚นใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŒ–็Ÿณ
04:43
that once we've used them, boom, they're gone.
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็‡ƒๆ–™ใชใฉใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
We can't renew them, we can't use them again.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ›ดๆ–ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅ†ๅบฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:49
However, things like the sun, water and the wind,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ๅคช้™ฝใ€ๆฐดใ€้ขจใชใฉ
04:53
we can get energy from these sources
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผๆบใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใ‚‹
04:55
and they are renewable because we could use them again.
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ๅ†็”Ÿๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
04:57
Renewable energy.
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ๅ†็”Ÿๅฏ่ƒฝใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ€‚
05:00
So, energy from the sun we call solar energy.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผ ใ‚’ๅคช้™ฝใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
Energy from water we call hydro energy.
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ๆฐดใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ๆฐดๅŠ›ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
And energy from the wind we call wind energy.
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ใใ—ใฆ้ขจใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผ ใ‚’็งใŸใกใฏ้ขจๅŠ›ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:12
There are others like geothermal,
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ไป–ใซใ‚‚ๅœฐ็†ฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่ค‡้›‘ใซ
05:14
but without getting too complex, that's the main thing.
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ใชใ‚Šใ™ใŽใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้‡่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:17
Renewable energies, that's what we're all talking about.
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ๅ†็”Ÿๅฏ่ƒฝใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:21
That's what we're all striving for.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒ็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:23
Well, most of us.
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ใพใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ€‚
05:25
Great, terminology done.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€็”จ่ชžใŒๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:27
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:33
Okay, let's look now at advanced collocations.
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ใงใฏใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:36
So when you listen to governments and activists
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๆ”ฟๅบœใ‚„ๆดปๅ‹•ๅฎถ
05:39
and organizations talk about climate change,
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ใ‚„็ต„็น” ใŒๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
05:42
you're gonna hear these kind of collocations.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใจใ€ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใฆใใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:45
They're used a lot.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:48
Very, very important.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
05:49
First of all, let's look at some words and collocations
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ใพใšใ€
05:53
that use the idea of big.
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ใƒ“ใƒƒใ‚ฐใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:55
Something is big.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅคงใใ„ใ€‚
05:57
Now, people don't say it's a big challenge.
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ไปŠใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงใใชๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:01
Because well, you go, okay, well,
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IELTSใซ
06:03
passing IELTS is a big challenge.
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ๅˆๆ ผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅคงใใชๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:06
So in order to make people wake up
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใ‚’็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ใ•ใ›
06:09
and to capture their attention,
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ใ€ๆณจ็›ฎใ‚’้›†ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
06:13
often politicians and journalists use different words.
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ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใจ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:17
They will say,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€
06:18
"Climate change is an unsurmountable challenge."
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ใ€Œๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใฏ ๅ…‹ๆœใงใใชใ„่ชฒ้กŒใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:22
Unsurmountable, means you cannot get over it.
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ไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:27
It's an unsurmountable challenge.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:30
Can you say that?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:31
An unsurmountable challenge.
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ไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ€‚
06:35
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
06:37
People could say, well it has a big impact, right.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
06:40
Deforestation, that's cutting down trees,
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ๆœจใ‚’ไผๆŽกใ™ใ‚‹ๆฃฎๆž—ไผๆŽก
06:43
have a big impact.
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ใฏๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:45
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:46
Or, it has a serious impact.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๆทฑๅˆปใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:49
Much more powerful.
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ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:50
Deforestation has a serious impact.
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ๆฃฎๆž—็ ดๅฃŠใฏๆทฑๅˆปใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:54
We could also say there's a big need to do that.
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ใใฎๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใŒๅคงใใ„ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:57
Well, yes, I mean there's a big need to go running
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅคœ ใซใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใฆไฝ“่ชฟใ‚’ๆ•ดใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใŒๅคงใ„ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ
07:00
in the evening and get fit.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:02
But, talking about climate change, there's an urgent need.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฐ—ๅ€™ ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€็ทŠๆ€ฅใฎๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:07
You hear this all the time.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
There's an urgent need for us
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07:10
to reduce our carbon footprint.
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ไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆ€ฅๅ‹™ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:13
Can you say that?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:14
There's an urgent need for us
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07:16
to reduce our carbon footprint.
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ไบŒ้…ธๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆ€ฅๅ‹™ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:23
Lovely.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
07:24
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
07:25
Another one for big is, well, a big change, right.
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅคงใใชๅค‰ๅŒ–ใฏใ€ ใพใ‚ใ€ๅคงใใชๅค‰ๅŒ–ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
07:28
We need to make a big change.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅคงใใชๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:30
Well, that's not very exciting.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:32
No, we need to make a drastic change.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅคงๅน…ใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:36
This sense of it's more than big, it has to be radical.
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ใ“ใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใฏๅคงใใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€้Žๆฟ€ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:40
We need to make a drastic change.
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็งใŸใกใฏๆŠœๆœฌ็š„ใชๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:44
Lovely, great.
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็ด ๆ•ตใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
07:46
So we looked at big, what about easy?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅคงใใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹?
07:49
Now often we see other words for easy.
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ็ฐกๅ˜ใซไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็›ฎใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:53
I'm just gonna throw one at you.
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็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ‚ใชใŸใซ 1 ใคใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
07:55
And instead of saying, there is no easy solution,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ็ฐกๅ˜ใช่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œ็ฐกๅ˜ใช่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–
07:58
you often hear, "There is no straightforward solution."
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ใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:03
Straightforward solution.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใช่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ€‚
08:06
Can you say?
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่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:10
Great.
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08:10
So there is no straightforward solution to climate change.
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ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€‚
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใช่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:15
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:16
There are some nice nifty collocations.
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็ด ๆ•ตใชๆฐ—ใฎๅˆฉใ„ใŸใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:19
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:25
Okay, let's look now at four useful verbs
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ใงใฏใ€่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ 4 ใคใฎไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:28
to talk about climate change, with confidence.
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ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆ
08:33
I'm going to test you first to see what you say
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ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆ ใ‹ใ‚‰
08:37
and then we'll look at the answer.
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ใ€็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:38
There are different possibilities so let's have a look.
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ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใชๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใฎใงใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:41
The first one is, to blank a target.
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1ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:46
What would you say?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
08:50
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
08:51
So the most common is probably, "To reach a target."
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใฎใฏ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:56
Here's your target and you reach the target.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็›ฎๆจ™ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
If you listen to people talking at CoP26,
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ๅคงใใชๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ไผš่ญฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ CoP26 ใงไบบใ€…ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใจ
09:03
the big climate change conference,
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ใ€
09:06
they're talking about the urgent need
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ 1.5 ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹็ทŠๆ€ฅใฎๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
09:08
to reach the 1.5 target.
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.
09:11
That is to limit global warming, the planet's surface
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅœฐ็ƒ ๆธฉๆš–ๅŒ–ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅœฐ็ƒใฎ่กจ้ข
09:16
to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
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ใ‚’ๆ‘‚ๆฐ 1.5 ๅบฆใซๅˆถ้™ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:19
So to reach a target, you could say to hit a target,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็›ฎๆจ™ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹
09:24
to attain a target or to achieve a target.
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ใซใฏใ€็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:28
All of those are fine.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:29
Number two, to blank solutions.
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2 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ใ‚ฝใƒชใƒฅใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’็ฉบ็™ฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:39
Okay, now you may talk about to find solutions.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:43
But I'm thinking not only to find,
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ใŸใ ใ€่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๅฎŸ่ฃ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใฆใ„
09:45
but to implement solutions, right.
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ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
09:49
So, we talk about implementing solutions.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ฝใƒชใƒฅใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๅฎŸ่ฃ…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฝใƒชใƒฅใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
09:53
You could also say, to put into place solutions.
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ใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‚‚ ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:58
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:59
So it's not only finding but it's making it happen.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:02
That's the key thing.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:04
Next one, number three.
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ใŠๆฌกใฏ3็•ชใ€‚
10:06
To blank sustainable.
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ใ‚ตใ‚นใƒ†ใƒŠใƒ–ใƒซใชใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใธใ€‚
10:12
Yeah, this one is a straightforward answer.
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ใˆใˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็ฐกๅ˜ใช็ญ”ใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:16
To become sustainable, right.
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ๆŒ็ถšๅฏ่ƒฝใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
10:19
So we need our industries to become sustainable.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎ็”ฃๆฅญ ใฏๆŒ็ถšๅฏ่ƒฝใซใชใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
We need our lifestyle to become sustainable.
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็งใŸใกใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซ ใฏๆŒ็ถšๅฏ่ƒฝใซใชใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:27
Something that can carry on for a long time
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10:29
without causing harm or damage.
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ๅฑๅฎณใ‚„ๆๅฎณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใ€้•ทๆœŸ้–“ๆŒใก็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
10:33
Okay, last but not least.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:36
To blank emissions.
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ๆŽ’ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:46
There are different possibilities
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง
10:48
but if we're talking about climate change,
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
10:50
then we're probably talking about to reduce emissions.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใฎๅ‰Šๆธ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
10:54
You could say to lower emissions, to cut back on emissions.
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ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ€ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:02
The other interesting one is to offset emissions.
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€ๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใ‚’็›ธๆฎบใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:06
Do you remember the friend with all the trees in his garden?
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ๅบญใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆœจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹ไบบใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
11:10
Right?
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11:10
What's happening there is, you're driving the car,
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
ใใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ
11:13
you're doing something that's having a negative impact.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ปŠใ‚’้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
11:17
You're planting the tree as a positive impact.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใจใ—ใฆๆœจใ‚’ๆคใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
11:20
So when you balance a negative and a positive,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใจใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใŒใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใง
11:24
then you offset the negative with the positive.
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็›ธๆฎบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
11:28
So there are lots of carbon offset schemes now
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็’ฐๅขƒใซ
11:32
where you can offset emissions by doing something positive
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่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๆŽ’ๅ‡บ้‡ใ‚’็›ธๆฎบใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒผใƒœใƒณ ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใƒ ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
11:37
for the environment, I mean.
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ใ€‚
11:40
Okay, great.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:41
Nice, useful verbs.
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็ด ๆ•ตใงไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ‹•่ฉž.
11:43
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:49
Right, next up, phrasal verbs.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฏๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
11:51
I've got four phrasal verbs for you.
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4 ใคใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:53
A phrasal verb, by the way, is a verb plus a particle
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž ใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซๅŠฉ่ฉž
11:57
or an adverbial particle or a preposition.
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ใพใŸใฏๅŠฉ่ฉžๅŠฉ่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:00
Like in, on, out, under, away, from.
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ใ‚คใƒณใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ€ใƒ•ใƒญใƒ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
12:04
And often the phrasal verb is a bit idiomatic.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฅ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ…ฃ็”จๅฅใงใ™ใ€‚
12:10
So the words don't mean exactly the same.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:13
For example, to cut down a tree, right
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆœจ
12:17
is to cut down a tree.
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ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ€’ใ™ใซใฏใ€ๆœจใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ€’ใ™ใฎใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
12:18
It's very clear what it means.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ใ€‚
12:20
But to cut down on smoking,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ–ซ็…™ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™
12:23
doesn't mean you're cutting your cigarettes.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใŸใฐใ“ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
12:26
It's more idiomatic.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ…ฃ็”จ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:27
It means to reduce how much you smoke.
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ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใฎ้‡ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:30
So that's the first one, right.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
12:33
To cut down on coal.
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็Ÿณ็‚ญใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
12:35
We need to cut down on coal means to reduce.
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ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€็Ÿณ็‚ญใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:39
Cut down on how much coal we use.
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็Ÿณ็‚ญใฎไฝฟ็”จ้‡ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅŒ–็Ÿณ็‡ƒๆ–™ใฎ
12:42
We need to cut down on our use of fossil fuels, for example.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:47
Cut down on.
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ใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ€‚
12:49
Number two, very similar meaning, right, to reduce.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใ€้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใŸ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ๅณใ€ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:52
Cut back on.
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ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚
12:54
We need to cut back on coal.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็Ÿณ็‚ญใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:58
We need to cut back on coal production.
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็Ÿณ็‚ญ็”Ÿ็”ฃใ‚’ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:03
Nice.
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13:03
Number three also means to reduce but to do it slowly.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฎ 3 ใฏๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:08
Phase out.
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ๆฎต้šŽ็š„ใซๅปƒๆญขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ
13:11
There's an urgent need to phase out our use of carbon,
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ใ€็‚ญ็ด ใฎไฝฟ็”จใ‚’ๆฎต้šŽ็š„ใซๅปƒๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆ€ฅๅ‹™ใงใ™
13:15
for example.
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ใ€‚
13:18
Lastly, we've got to give up something.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:21
Meaning to stop doing it or having it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:26
We need to give up our way of life.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็”Ÿใๆ–นใ‚’ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:29
Give up.
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ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
13:30
Give up.
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ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
13:31
We need to give up our way of life.
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็งใŸใกใฏ็”Ÿใๆ–นใ‚’ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:34
We need to give up our excessive use of coal,
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13:38
water and fossil fuels, for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็Ÿณ็‚ญใ€ๆฐดใ€ๅŒ–็Ÿณ็‡ƒๆ–™ใฎ้Žๅบฆใฎไฝฟ็”จใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:44
Okay, I said this was a whirlwind tour.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ—‹้ขจใฎใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒผใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:47
A very quick tour.
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้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒผใ€‚
13:49
Let's move on next to some idiomatic expressions.
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ๆฌกใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ ๆ…ฃ็”จ่กจ็พใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:57
So let's look at some idiomatic expressions.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ…ฃ็”จ่กจ็พใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
13:59
First of all, do your bit.
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ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:02
To do your bit, means to make your contribution.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฒข็Œฎใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:07
To do something that is expected of you, right.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆœŸๅพ…ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
14:11
So when it comes to climate change,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ
14:13
you can do your bit by eating less meat,
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่จ€ใˆใฐใ€่‚‰ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹้‡ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ€้‹่ปขใฎ้ ปๅบฆใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ€ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
14:17
by driving less frequently,
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14:20
by taking the bicycle instead.
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.
14:23
A similar expression is to play your part.
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ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่กจ็พใฏใ€to play your part ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ‚‹ใจใใซ้›ปๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆถˆใ™
14:26
You could play your part by turning off the lights
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ใ“ใจใงใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ‚’ๆžœใŸใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
14:29
when you leave the room.
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ใ€‚
14:31
Next one, kick the can down the road.
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ๆฌกใฏใ€็ผถใ‚’้“ใซ่นดใ‚Š้ฃ›ใฐใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:35
Now a can, maybe a can like this, is a can of a drink.
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็ผถใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ผถใฏใ€้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใฎ็ผถใงใ™ใ€‚
14:40
When you kick the can down the road,
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้“ใ‚’่ธใฟๅค–ใ—ใฆ
14:42
it means you're delaying making a difficult decision.
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ใ—ใพใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€้›ฃใ—ใ„ๆฑบๆ–ญใ‚’ไธ‹ใ™ใฎใ‚’้…ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:48
When Greta Thunberg went into the UN Climate Change Meeting
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ใ‚ฐใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒปใƒˆใ‚ฅใƒผใƒณใƒ™ใƒช ใŒๅ›ฝ้€ฃใฎๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ 
14:54
and she said, "How dare you?"
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ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใฉใ†ใ ใ„๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:56
Because she knew that governments around the world
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎๆ”ฟๅบœ
15:00
were kicking the can down the road.
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ใŒ้“ใ‚’่ธใฟๅค–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:03
They were delaying the decision to act on climate change.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’้…ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
15:07
Kick the can down the road.
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้“ใฎไธ‹ใง็ผถใ‚’่นดใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:08
Can you say that?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:11
Lovely.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
15:12
Next one, to grapple with an issue.
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ๆฌกใฏใ€ๅ•้กŒใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
15:15
We are grappling with this issue,
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใง
15:18
but it's difficult to solve.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃใงใ™ใ€‚
15:20
So to grapple with an issue or a problem
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ•้กŒใ‚„ๅ•้กŒใ€
15:23
or a difficulty is to try hard to solve it.
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ใพใŸใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝใซๅŠชๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
15:27
But it's very difficult.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:29
So governments around the world are grappling
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ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎๆ”ฟๅบœ
15:31
with the issue of climate change.
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ใŒๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใฎๅ•้กŒใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:35
Nice.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
15:36
Next one.
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ๆฌกใฎใ€‚
15:38
Face a problem head on.
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ๅ•้กŒใซๆญฃ้ขใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‘ใๅˆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:40
Head on.
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ๆญฃ้ขใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
15:42
Here's the problem.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
15:43
So instead of looking kind of to the side,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆจชใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ
15:46
head on, face the problem head on,
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ใ€ๆญฃ้ขใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ•้กŒใซๅ‘ใๅˆใ„ใ€ๅ•้กŒ
15:49
means to directly try to handle or deal with a problem.
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ใ‚’็›ดๆŽฅๅ‡ฆ็†ใพใŸใฏๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:58
So you may find with problems that we often try
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ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ
16:01
to avoid them or ignore them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใพใŸใฏ็„ก่ฆ–ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:03
What we should do is face the problem head on
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็งใŸใกใŒใ™ในใใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ๅ•้กŒใซๆญฃ้ขใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‘ใๅˆใ„
16:07
and solve it.
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ใ€่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:08
Implement solutions.
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ใ‚ฝใƒชใƒฅใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ฃ…ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:10
Next one, to put our heads in the sand
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ๆฌกใฏใ€้ ญใ‚’็ ‚ใฎไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้ ญใ‚’็ ‚ใฎไธญ
16:14
or to put your head in the sand.
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ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:16
Or if it's me, I'm putting my head in the sand.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€็งใชใ‚‰ ใ€้ ญใ‚’็ ‚ใฎไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:19
It comes from the famous bird, the ostrich,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ‰ๅใช ้ณฅใฎใƒ€ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆใซ็”ฑๆฅ
16:22
who, we think, puts its head in the sand
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ใ—ใ€็ ‚ใซ้ ญ
16:25
and it means to ignore a situation.
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ใ‚’็ชใฃ่พผใ‚“ใง็Šถๆณใ‚’็„ก่ฆ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจ็งใŸใกใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:28
I think you have this expression in several other languages.
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ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:32
So, sometimes governments are accused
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ‹’ๅฆใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
16:35
of putting their head in the sand
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ใ€้ ญใ‚’็ ‚ใฎไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใจ้ž้›ฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
16:38
when they refuse to talk about climate change.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:41
Don't put your head in the sand.
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้ ญใ‚’็ ‚ใฎไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:44
Look up, face the problem head on.
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ไธŠใ‚’ๅ‘ใ„ใฆใ€ๅ•้กŒใซๆญฃ้ขใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‘ใๅˆใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:47
The last expression is to make a dent in a problem.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่กจ็พใฏ ใ€ๅ•้กŒใซใธใ“ใฟใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:53
To make a dent in a problem means
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ๅ•้กŒใซใธใ“ใฟใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†
16:56
to have a small impact, not enough.
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ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅๅˆ†ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฐใ•ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:59
We often say, "We can't even make a dent in this problem."
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใใ€Œ ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏใฉใ†ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:04
We can't even make a dent in this problem.
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ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใซใธใ“ใฟใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ•ใˆใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:08
It means we can't have any impact,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹
17:11
we can't reduce it.
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ใ“ใจใฏใงใใšใ€ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:13
Again, let me take my can, thank you Guinness.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€็ผถใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ฎใƒใ‚นใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:17
Not sponsoring.
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ใ‚นใƒใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:19
But if I take a hammer and my can,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒใƒใƒณใƒžใƒผใจ็ผถใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใจ
17:22
then I dent the can.
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ใ€็ผถใ‚’ใธใ“ใพใ›ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:24
Can you see that?
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่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:26
But that doesn't solve the problem.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅ•้กŒใฏ่งฃๆฑบใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:29
It's just a very small impact.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใปใ‚“ใฎใ‚ใšใ‹ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใงใ™ใ€‚
17:32
So, I can't make a dent in the problem.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅ•้กŒใซใธใ“ใฟใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:35
I can't even have a small impact.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:37
I can't reduce it.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:39
If we don't do something.
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ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€‚ ๆŠœๆœฌ็š„ใชๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ™
17:41
If we don't take drastic action to make drastic change,
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ใŸใ‚ใซๆŠœๆœฌ็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
17:46
then we're not even gonna make a dent in the problem
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17:51
of climate change.
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ใ€ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใฎๅ•้กŒใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ•ใˆใงใใพใ›ใ‚“.
17:54
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค
17:55
Lots of expressions, verbs, collocations
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ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่กจ็พใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
17:58
and things like that to help you speak with more confidence
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ใชใฉ
18:02
on the topic of climate change.
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ใ€‚
18:05
I hope you enjoyed the video.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
18:07
If you did, please remember to click on subscribe,
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็™ป้Œฒใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œ ใšใซ่ณผ่ชญใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—
18:11
turn on the notifications to find out
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ใ€้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซ
18:13
about viewing upcoming videos in the near future.
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ใ—ใฆใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซไบˆๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‹•็”ปใฎ่ฆ–่ดใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฟในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:17
In the meantime, go check out my website,
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ใใ‚Œใพใงใฎ้–“ใ€็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ€Keith Speaking Academy ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
18:19
Keith Speaking Academy.
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ใ€‚
18:21
If you're preparing for IELTS,
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IELTS ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰
18:22
it's a goldmine full of interesting stuff.
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ใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“่ฉฐใพใฃใŸๅฎใฎๅฑฑใงใ™ใ€‚
18:27
See you soon, my friends.
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ใพใŸไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€็งใฎๅ‹้”ใ€‚
18:28
Take care, bye bye.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚
18:31
(light upbeat music)
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(่ปฝๅฟซใช้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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