Improve your English Pronunciation: The Ultimate Guide for IELTS

240,713 views ใƒป 2021-02-27

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello!
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ๏ผ
00:01
Now, today, we're going to do some IELTS speaking pronunciation practice.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ IELTSใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:07
And together we will take your understanding and practice of pronunciation
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ใใ—ใฆไธ€็ท’ใซ ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็†่งฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’
00:13
up to a whole new level.
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ใ‚’ใพใฃใŸใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซๅผ•ใไธŠใ’ใพใ™.
00:16
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
00:17
Then come with me.
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ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:29
Hi!
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ใ‚„ใ‚๏ผ
00:30
So my name is Keith.
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:31
Iโ€™m from the Keith Speaking Academy.
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็งใฏใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใƒปใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใƒปใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใฎๅ‡บ่บซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:33
So today, we're going to be practicing the key pronunciation features,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใงใƒใƒณใƒ‰ 7ใ€8ใ€ใพใŸใฏ 9
00:38
that you need to master to get a Band 7, 8 or 9 in IELTS speaking.
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ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไธป่ฆใช็™บ้ŸณๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:44
Iโ€™m going to be looking at phonemes, word stress,
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้Ÿณ็ด ใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใ€
00:48
sentence stress, weak and strong forms,
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ๆ–‡ใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใ€ๅผฑ ๅฝข
00:53
connected speech and intonation.
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ใจๅผทๅฝขใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณๅฃฐใจใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
Now first of all, why is pronunciation important?
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ใงใฏใพใšใ€ใชใœ ็™บ้ŸณใŒ้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
01:01
Well, it is.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
01:02
Because you probably know
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€IELTS ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใฎ 25% ใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
01:03
pronunciation counts for 25% of your IELTS speaking mark, right?
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ใญ?
01:09
Now have you ever looked at the IELTS speaking band descriptors?
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IELTS ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒใƒณใƒ‰่จ˜่ฟฐๅญใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
01:14
"Uhโ€ฆoh! Uhโ€ฆsorry Keith, what, what, what are they?"
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ใ€Œใ†โ€ฆใ†ใ†ใ†ใ†ใ†ใ†ใ†โ€ฆใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใ€ใชใซใ€ ใชใซใ€ใชใซใใ‚Œ๏ผŸใ€
01:19
Well, if you don't know them, then you should go and find out.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่กŒใฃใฆ่ชฟในใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ
01:23
You can go to my website there's a link below.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:26
Go and look at the band descriptors, right?
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่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒใƒณใƒ‰่จ˜่ฟฐๅญใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใญใ€‚
01:29
Because this is where you can find out how the examiner evaluates you
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ๅฎ˜ใŒ
01:34
and what they're looking for.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉ•ไพกใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
01:36
Now when we look at pronunciation,
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ใ•ใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
01:39
it comes up all the time this phrase, pronunciation features.
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ใ“ใฎ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็‰นๅพดใŒๅธธใซๅ‡บใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
A wide range of, a limited range of,
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ๅน…ๅบƒใ„ใ€้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใฎใ€
01:48
mixed control of pronunciation features.
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ๆททๅˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็™บ้Ÿณ ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใฎๅˆถๅพกใ€‚
01:52
What on earth are these pronunciation features, right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็‰นๅพดใฏไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ•ใช ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:55
That's what I need to know.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:57
Well, in a word, here they are.
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ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:00
We've got word stress, connected speech, sentence stress,
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅผท่ชฟใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅผท่ชฟใ€
02:05
phonemes, intonation, weak firms.
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้Ÿณ็ด ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ๅผฑใ„ไผš็คพใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
Weak firms, weak forms and strong forms.
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ๅผฑใ„ไผๆฅญใ€ๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ  ใ€ๅผทใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ€‚
02:13
In a nutshell,
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ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
02:14
these are probably the most important pronunciation features you need to know
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช็™บ้ŸณๆฉŸ่ƒฝใงใ™
02:19
and to master.
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.
02:20
And this is exactly what we're going to look at today, one by law--
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใพใ•ใซไปŠๆ—ฅ็ง ใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ
02:26
Come on!
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02:26
So this is exactly what we're going to look at today.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใพใ•ใซไปŠๆ—ฅ็ง ใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:29
We'll look at them one by one.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’1ใคใšใค่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
So you understand what they are and we'll start getting you to use them correctly.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ— ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:41
So let's begin with phonemes.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€้Ÿณ็ด ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:43
So phonemes are individual sounds.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้Ÿณ็ด ใฏๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:48
Including vowel sounds like,
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ
02:51
โ€œ/ษช/, / I:/, /ษ‘/, /รฆ/โ€
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ใ€Œ/ษช/ใ€/I:/ใ€/ษ‘/ใ€/รฆ/ใ€ใฎ
02:54
and consonant sounds like,
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใฏ
02:56
โ€œ/p/, /b/, /s/โ€
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ใ€Œ/p/ใ€/b/ใ€/s/ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Š
02:58
Okay.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:00
So these are your phonemes.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้Ÿณ็ด ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:01
Basically, pronunciation exists on three different levels, right?
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€็™บ้Ÿณ ใซใฏ3ใคใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:06
You've got your sounds, your words or your chunks and phrases, right?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้Ÿณใ€่จ€่‘‰ ใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:11
So sounds like /k/, /สŒ/, /p/.
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/k/ใ€/สŒ/ใ€/p/ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:16
Words like cup, put them together.
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ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใพใจใ‚ใฆใ€‚
03:19
/kสŒp/, cup.
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/kสŒp/ใ€ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใ€‚
03:22
That's a word.
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ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:23
Phrases like โ€œcup of teaโ€, right?
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ใ€Œไธ€ๆฏใฎใŠ่Œถใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:26
Putting all of these sounds together.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:29
Basically there are 44 sounds in English.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ44ใฎ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:33
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
03:34
No more.
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03:34
Everything you will ever, ever say is just made with 44 different sounds.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ„ใ‚„ใ€‚
44 ็จฎ้กžใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:41
And here they are.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:43
This is the phonemic chart and created by Adrian Underhill
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้Ÿณ็ด ่กจใง ใ€Adrian Underhill ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฝœๆˆใ•ใ‚Œ
03:49
and also thank you to Macmillan education, who copyright this.
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ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่‘—ไฝœๆจฉใงไฟ่ญทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ Macmillan Education ใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
And here you can see the different kinds of sounds, the 44 sounds in English.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ็จฎ้กžใฎ้Ÿณใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ 44 ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:59
The top half is just the vowel sounds, right?
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ไธŠๅŠๅˆ†ใฏ ๆฏ้Ÿณใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:04
And these are divided into the single vowels
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ˜ๆฏ้Ÿณ
04:07
and the diphthongs, which are sliding vowel sounds.
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ใจใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
Then at the bottom we've got all the consonant sounds.
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ใใ—ใฆไธ€็•ชไธ‹ใซ ใ™ในใฆใฎๅญ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:16
Now what's interesting with this is that the sounds go from the front of the mouth
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใฎใฏ ใ€้ŸณใŒๅฃใฎๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰
04:20
to the back of the mouth, right?
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ๅฃใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซ่กŒใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:22
And from the top of the mouth to the bottom of the mouth.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฃใฎไธŠใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅฃใฎไธ‹ใพใงใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
04:25
So you have at the start here for example,
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ใ“ใ“ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซ ใฏ
04:28
โ€œ/Iห/, /ษช/, /สŠ/, /uห/โ€
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ใ€Œ/Iห/ใ€/ษช/ใ€/สŠ/ใ€/uห/ใ€ใŒ
04:32
and similarly if you look at the consonants
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅŒๆง˜ใซ ๅญ้Ÿณ
04:34
โ€œ/P/ /b/, /t/ /d/, /สˆสƒ/, /dส’/, /k/ /g/โ€
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ใ€Œ/P/ /b/ใ€/t/ /d/ใ€ /สˆสƒ/, /dส’/, /k/ /g/ใ€
04:40
going from the front of the mouth to the back of the mouth, right?
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ใฏๅฃใฎๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅฃใฎๅฅฅใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:44
And from the top to the bottom.
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ใใ—ใฆไธŠใ‹ใ‚‰ไธ‹ใธใ€‚
04:47
Very interesting organization and really, really useful.
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้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„็ต„็น”ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
04:51
Now, if you want to practice these, there is a very, very simple mobile app
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€้žๅธธใซใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒขใƒใ‚คใƒซใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒช
04:55
that you can use.
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:56
So this is an app by the British council.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใƒ–ใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒปใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ทใƒซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใงใ™ใ€‚
04:59
It's called โ€œSounds rightโ€ and you can download it from their website.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒSounds rightใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐ ใ‚Œใ€Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
There is a link down below.
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ไธ‹ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:05
And basically as you can see here, you can click on the different sounds.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ† ใซใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:10
For example, the vowel sounds and diphthongs to listen and try and repeat.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใจ ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ
05:15
You can also click on the consonant sounds again and repeat.
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:19
And you also get example words with the different sounds.
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ใพใŸ ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้Ÿณใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎไพ‹ใ‚‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:23
So you can see the kind of words that are using those sounds too.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็จฎ้กžใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:27
Now a really important thing about pronunciation is it's not mental.
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็™บ้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:33
It's not thinking and analytical.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ€่€ƒใ‚„ๅˆ†ๆžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:36
It's not like grammar looking at patterns or vocabulary.
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ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใจใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:40
It's physical.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:42
It's more like playing football or basketball, right?
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ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚„ใƒใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:46
Or dancing where you have to train your body to move in a certain way.
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ใพใŸใฏ ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅ‹•ใใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝ“ใ‚’่จ“็ทดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใ€‚
05:50
Same with pronunciation.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ‚‚ไธ€็ท’ใ€‚
05:52
You have to train your mouth to move in a certain way.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅ‹•ใใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฃใ‚’่จ“็ทดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:56
So I think the key thing and the key message here, right, is that
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใจ ้‡่ฆใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใฏใ€
06:01
you need to train.
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ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:04
I should say retrain your mouth, right?
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฃใ‚’ๅ†่จ“็ทดใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:08
Because you have learnt to pronounce and to speak your mother tongue
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็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ€่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใฎ
06:13
using the muscles, you need to pronounce the mother tongue, right?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
06:18
Now the muscles being the lips, the tongue, the jaw
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็ญ‹่‚‰ใฏๅ”‡ ใ€่ˆŒใ€ใ‚ใ”
06:24
and the voice or the unvoiced sounds.
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ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฃฐใ‚„็„กๅฃฐ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
06:27
That's what you use to speak.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:29
So it's very, very hard to speak another language correctly
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ไป–ใฎ่จ€่ชž
06:34
with the correct pronunciation
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ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใงๆญฃใ—ใ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃ
06:35
because you're using the
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
06:37
familiar muscles and shapes that you've used your whole life.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎไบบ็”ŸใงไฝฟใฃใฆใใŸๆ…ฃใ‚Œ่ฆชใ—ใ‚“ใ ็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚„ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:42
What you really need to do is to retrain your whole mouth.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎ ใฏใ€ๅฃๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๅ†่จ“็ทดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:47
And I think it's really important when you're working on English learning
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ
06:51
to make pronunciation a regular part of your practice.
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ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใฎๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใช ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
06:55
And to retrain, practice training your mouth.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ† ่จ“็ทดใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๅฃใฎ่จ“็ทดใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:59
Iโ€™ll be showing you a few examples in a moment.
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ใ™ใใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ ไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
Have you ever tried something like a new sport?
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
07:05
You know, I mean I remember when I tried yoga for the first time, right.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅˆใ‚ใฆใƒจใ‚ฌใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
07:10
And it was very difficult.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:11
I remember watching the teacher, who would you know, she would do a perfect pose
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ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฎŒ็’งใชใƒใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใจใ‚Š
07:18
and then I would have a go and be like,
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07:22
nowhere near close.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:24
But the teacher of course would help me and would say,
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
07:27
โ€œWell, no, listen, when you're doing that, you need to stretch your arms.
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ใ€‚
07:30
Oh! Right. Okay like that.โ€
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ใŠใƒผ๏ผ ๅณใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใ€
07:32
and she said, โ€œNo, put your shoulder downโ€, right?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใ„ใ‚„ใ€่‚ฉใ‚’ ไธ‹ใ’ใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:34
And I go, โ€œOh! I see but it feels strange.โ€
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‘ใฉ ๅค‰ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€
07:39
and she goes, โ€œOf course it feels strange. You're using new muscles in new ways.โ€
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:44
and it's exactly the same with pronunciation, right?
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็™บ้Ÿณใ‚‚ๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:48
When I first learned Chinese,
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ไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’็ฟ’ใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸ้ ƒ
07:51
I had headaches for days and days because I was trying to use the shape of my mouth
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ใฏใ€ๅฃใฎๅฝขใ‚’ไธญๅ›ฝไบบใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ไฝ•ๆ—ฅใ‚‚้ ญใŒ็—›ใใชใ‚Š
07:58
similar to the way Chinese people were.
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:00
And it's used in a very different way as with most languages, right?
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ่จ€่ชžใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€้žๅธธใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
08:05
So we need to think about retraining your mouth.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฃใฎๅ†่จ“็ทดใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
There are different ways of doing this and I think probably the worst way
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏๅ˜ใซ้Ÿณ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
08:13
is just to read stuff aloud.
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ใ€‚
08:16
Because you're just going to repeat the bad pronunciation, right?
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ๆ‚ชใ„็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ ใ‘ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
08:21
Second way is you can listen to audio.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:24
Now, that's okay.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
08:25
Because at least you have the sound and you're trying to imitate the sound.
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’็œŸไผผใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:30
But you don't really know what's going on inside.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅ†…้ƒจใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:33
So you're kind of guessing
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆŽจๆธฌใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใง
08:36
and you're probably repeating your mother tongue pronunciation.
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ใ€ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:40
Much better is video.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆ–นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:43
Which is why Iโ€™m a big fan of video, right?
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็งใŒใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅคงใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:45
Because whether it's teaching videos or Netflix or films
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ€Netflixใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
08:49
because you can see what's happening much more.
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ไฝ•ใŒ ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™. ๅ”‡
08:53
You can see the shape of the lips, the position of the jaw,
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ใฎๅฝข ใ€ใ‚ใ”ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ€่ˆŒ
08:57
you can sometimes see the tongue.
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ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
So videos help a lot so long as you're paying attention
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
09:04
to what's going on here and comparing to yourself.
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ„ ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
09:08
So using a mirror to look at your own voice is really important, right?
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้กใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:14
Your own mouth.
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ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎๅฃใ€‚
09:16
But best of all, is to have a coach or a teacher, who can actually say,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
09:21
โ€œListen, you're doing this. You need to do this.โ€
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ใ€Œ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒผใƒใพใŸใฏๆ•™ๅธซใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:25
and to show you and help you change the shape and use different muscles
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ€ๅฝขใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ‚Š ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็ญ‹่‚‰
09:31
to get the right sounds.
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ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:33
And then working and working on those sounds.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:36
For example, let's take the word party, right?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:40
And imagine a Spanish speaker for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
09:43
Would probably say paโ€œrโ€ty.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒ‘โ€œrโ€tyใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:46
Paโ€œrโ€ty.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ€‚
09:48
And I would go, โ€œNo, not paโ€œrโ€ty. But /p aห t i/
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใƒ‘ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— /p aห t i
09:54
Take the first sound.
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/ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ใจใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:55
You're saying pur, pur.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใทใƒผใ€ใทใƒผใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:57
But it's a /p/.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ /p/ ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:59
In English the /p/ is aspirate.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง /p/ ใฏๅธๅผ•็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
10:02
There's like /h/.
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/h/ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:03
There's like a voice or a wind coming out.
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ๅฃฐใ‚„้ขจใŒๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:05
/p/
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/p/
10:06
Look, the difference between pur, pur and /p/, /p/, right?
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ pur, pur ใจ /p/, /p/ ใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡?
10:12
You literally, you're moving the paper.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ€็ด™ใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ /p/ใฎ้Ÿณ
10:15
So you need to practice the /p/ sound, right?
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ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
10:19
The second--
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2ใค็›ฎใฏใ€
10:20
quite funny, right?
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:21
So if you see Spanish students going around the world going,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿ ใŒไธ–็•Œไธญใ‚’้ฃ›ใณๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
10:25
โ€œHello! My name is Pedro.โ€
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ๏ผ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒšใƒ‰ใƒญใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:29
you know that they're my students.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:31
โ€œOh, hello! Yes, is your teacher Keith?โ€
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"ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ๏ผ ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
10:36
โ€œYes, it is. How do you know?โ€
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"ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
10:38
โ€œIโ€™m just guessing. Yeah.โ€
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใŸใ ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚"
10:43
just for practice.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใฎใŸใ‚ใ ใ‘ใซใ€‚
10:44
So that's the /p/.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ /p/ ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:46
But then there's the paโ€œrโ€ty.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ“ใซใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:48
R, r.
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Rใ€Rใ€‚
10:49
So look at the shape of the mouth ar.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅฃarใฎๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:52
And now look at the English shape.
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ๆฌกใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:54
/ษ‘ห/, /ษ‘ห/, /ษ‘ห/
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/ษ‘ห/, /ษ‘ห/, /ษ‘ห/
10:57
So you need to go from r -> /ษ‘ห/.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€r -> /ษ‘ห/ ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:02
/ษ‘ห/
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/ษ‘ห/
11:05
What happens, the lips become much more central, rounded and the jaw drops.
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ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ๅ”‡ใŒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธญๅคฎใซใชใ‚Šใ€ไธธใใชใ‚Šใ€้กŽใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:11
Paโ€œrโ€, paโ€œrโ€, paโ€œrโ€,
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Paโ€œrโ€, paโ€œrโ€, paโ€œrโ€,
11:14
/p a:/, /p a:/, /p a:/
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/p a:/, /p a:/, /p a:/
11:18
And then finally, the โ€œtโ€,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซ
11:20
the Spanish speaker would probably have a paโ€œrโ€ty.
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ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใฎ โ€œtโ€ ใฏ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ paโ€œrโ€ty ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ .
11:23
Ty, ty.
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ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ€‚
11:24
But itโ€™s a /t i/.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ /t i/ ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:26
The mouth you can see is much, much closer.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅฃใฏใšใฃใจ ใšใฃใจ่ฟ‘ใใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
11:30
So all together / หˆp aห t i /
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ไธ€็ท’ใซ / หˆp aห t i /
11:33
Of course, the other difference is the Spanish speaker probably has the rur,
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไป–ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ rurใ€
11:36
paโ€œrโ€ty, paโ€œrโ€ty.
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paโ€œrโ€tyใ€paโ€œrโ€ty ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:39
They're doing this the sound if you take the shape of the front of the teeth
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ๆญฏใฎๅ‰ใฎๅฝขใ‚’ใจใฃใฆ
11:43
and their tongue is going par, arr, arr, par, par, par, paโ€œrโ€ty.
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ˆŒใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใ€ ใ‚ขใƒผใ€ใ‚ขใƒผใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใ€ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:48
It's touching it.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:49
In English, there is no โ€œRโ€.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใ€ŒRใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:51
In British English, it's โ€œPaa+teeโ€
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผ+ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ€
11:54
we don't pronounce the โ€œrโ€ at all.
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ใงใ€ใ€Œrใ€ใฏใพใฃใŸใ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:56
So that /aห/, ar, ar, the tongue must come back.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€/aห/ใ€arใ€arใ€่ˆŒ ใŒๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:01
Paatee.
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ใƒ‘ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ€‚
12:03
You don't even touch the teeth.
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ๆญฏใซใ‚‚่งฆใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:05
The tongue comes right back.
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่ˆŒใฏใ™ใใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:07
/ p aห t i /
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/ p aห t i /
12:09
So, by seeing the shape of the mouth and the jaw,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฃใจใ‚ใ”ใฎๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
12:14
by understanding the position of the tongue,
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ใ€่ˆŒใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง
12:17
a coach or a teacher can help show you how to change and to move.
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ใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒใ‚„ๆ•™ๅธซใฏ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•ใใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™.
12:22
And you can do this by looking and looking at videos.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Š่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ .
12:26
And if you follow a pronunciation course,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅ—่ฌ›ใ™ใ‚Œ
12:28
you can learn lots and lots in this way.
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ใฐใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
12:32
I think if you're just working on your own, a good thing is once you've got the sound
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ไธ€ไบบใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฐใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
12:37
to start to juggle and to practice.
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ใ€‚
12:40
So if you've learned the /p/, /p/,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€/p/ใ€/p/ ใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
12:43
practice /p/, Pi, pah, /paษช/, Po.
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/p/ใ€Piใ€pahใ€/paษช/ใ€Po ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:48
Doesn't matter if they're real words.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้Ÿณใฎ
12:50
You're just practicing the sounds, right?
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
12:53
/p/, Pi, /paษช/
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/p/ใ€Piใ€/paษช/ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
12:55
okay.
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ใ€‚
12:56
And if you want to throw in your piece of paper,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็ด™ใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
12:59
/p/, Pi, /paษช/, Puh+ tay + toh.
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/p/ใ€Piใ€/paษช/ใ€Puh+ tay + toh.
13:03
You can, right?
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ใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:04
Same with the /r/, /r/,
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/r/ใ€/r/ใ€
13:07
/kษ‘ห/,
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/kษ‘ห/ใ€
13:08
/maห/
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/maห/ใ€
13:09
/saห/,
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/saห/ใ€
13:10
/taห/,
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/taห/ใ€
13:11
/pa:/
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/pa:/
13:13
Don't worry about the words existing.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ˜่ชžใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
13:16
Just practice those sounds.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:18
It's the gym, right?
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ไฝ“่‚ฒ้คจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:20
You're training your mouth to make these new sounds.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅฃใ‚’่จ“็ทดใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:24
Just doing it once is not enough.
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ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใฏไธๅๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:27
And just doing one sound is not enough.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใŸใ ไธ€ใคใฎ ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใฏๅๅˆ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰
13:31
You need to be putting sounds together
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ใ‚’็ต„ใฟ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
13:34
because that's what's really difficult, right?
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:36
Yep.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:37
I can train you to say all 44 sounds.
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44ใฎ้Ÿณใ™ในใฆใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ“็ทดใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:40
But if you can't put them together, right,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ† ใงใ™ใ€
13:43
/c/, /u/, /p/ = /kสŒp/
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/c/ใ€/u/ใ€/p/ = /kสŒp/
13:45
/kสŒp a tiห/
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/kสŒp a tiห/
13:47
That's what you need to practice.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
13:49
So be juggling all the time as you learn these sounds.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใใฏๅธธใซใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฐใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปฅๅ‰ใ”
13:53
You can use the app I showed you before.
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็ดนไป‹ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใŒไฝฟใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:56
Practice those words and just make up your own, right?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚
13:59
Play.
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้Šใถใ€‚
14:00
Play with sounds.
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้Ÿณใง้Šใถใ€‚
14:02
That is what it really is all about.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ™ในใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
14:04
Now coaches are not available for everybody but fortunately, nowadays online,
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็พๅœจใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใ‚ณใƒผใƒใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใงใฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆไธŠใง
14:09
you can find teachers and coaches all over the internet.
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ๆ•™ๅธซใ‚„ใ‚ณใƒผใƒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:13
And some of the best and most you know, trustworthy teachers that you can find
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ€ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ๆ•™ๅธซใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฏใ€
14:17
are out there on Cambly.
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Cambly ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:19
Iโ€™m a big fan of Cambly
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็งใฏCambly
14:21
and the work that they do and I would like to thank them again
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ใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅคงใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅพŒๆด ใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆ”นใ‚ใฆๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
14:23
for sponsoring this video.
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ใพใ™.
14:26
If you don't know Cambly, basically they are a platform
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Cambly ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€
14:30
where you can go and find native English-speaking teachers.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ๆ•™ๅธซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:34
You can have online classes one-to-one with your teacher,
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ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใจใฎใƒžใƒณใƒ„ใƒผใƒžใƒณใฎใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใง
14:38
where you can practice your English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:41
You can practice IELTS questions and most importantly,
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IELTS ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
14:44
you can develop your pronunciation, get feedback
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ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ ็™บ้Ÿณ
14:47
and help from a native speaker to really nail your pronunciation.
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ใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ขบๅฎŸใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ IELTS
14:53
So that you can get that high score in IELTS speaking.
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใง้ซ˜ๅพ—็‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€‚
14:56
The platform does have also online courses that you can follow,
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซใฏ ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ IELTS ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
15:00
including some IELTS courses.
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ใ€‚
15:02
Lots of ideas to help you get materials to study
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Cambly ใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่ณ‡ๆ–™ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—
15:06
and to practice with your live teacher when you go on the platform with Cambly.
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆ•™ๅธซใจไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
15:11
If you join Cambly have given us and you a code
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Cambly ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ ใจ
15:16
to get a discount on all of their packages.
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ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ธใงๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ ใŒๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:19
Just use the code you can see up here:
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ใ“ใ“ใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰
15:21
โ€œkeith-discโ€
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ใ€Œkeith-discใ€
15:24
for discount.
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ใ‚’ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:26
And with that code
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15:26
just put it in and you'll get the discount, if you're a first time user that is.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹
ใ ใ‘ใง ใ€ๅˆใ‚ใฆใฎใƒฆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใŒ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™.
15:32
So Cambly, great platform, great opportunity to practice your pronunciation.
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Cambly ใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็ตถๅฅฝใฎๆฉŸไผšใงใ™ใ€‚
15:37
Go and check them out.
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่กŒใฃใฆใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:39
Right now let's get back to the content.
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ใ•ใฃใใๅ†…ๅฎนใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’
15:42
There is another app if you're interested on practicing,
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
15:46
getting the individual sounds.
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ใ€‚
15:47
These are-- it's not an app. Sorry.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:50
It's a playlist on YouTube by the โ€œBBC learn English videosโ€.
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ใ€ŒBBC Learn English Videosใ€ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ YouTube ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
15:54
They go through all sounds and there's a--
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’้€š้Ž
15:57
you can see the woman who is making the vow, the mouth shapes.
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ใ—ใ€่ช“ใ„ใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฅณๆ€งใ€ๅฃใฎๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:02
It's really a big help.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
16:03
It's well worth investing a few days going all the way through it, right.
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ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‘ใฆใšใฃใจๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ™ใ‚‹ไพกๅ€คใฏๅๅˆ† ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:13
Next, word stress.
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ๆฌกใซ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€‚
16:16
Now words are made up of different syllables as you may know.
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ใ”ๅญ˜ใ˜ใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใช้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:22
A syllable is basically a unit of pronunciation
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใฎๅ˜ไฝ
16:26
that is well, it's a vowel sound,
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ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใง
16:29
that may or may not have a consonant before or after it.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‰ๅพŒใซๅญ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:33
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
16:34
For example the word two, right?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€2 ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใญใ€‚
16:36
Has one syllable, Two.
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏ 1 ใคใ€2 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
16:40
Twenty, twenty has two syllables.
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Twentyใ€Twenty ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:44
Tomorrow, tomorrow has three syllables, right?
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ ใฏไธ‰้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
16:49
Now it's very important to stress the correct syllable.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:53
Of course, if there's just one syllable like hat, it's easy.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ๅธฝๅญใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:58
But when you have more than one syllable like tomorrow,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
17:03
to, mo, rrow, which one do you stress?
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toใ€moใ€rrow ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใ‚Œ ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
17:06
To-mo-rrow in that case, you stress the second one, right?
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ2็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
17:10
Take for example po-ta-to,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใฝใƒผใŸใƒผใจ
17:14
/pษ™ - teษช - tษ™สŠ/, right?
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/pษ™ - teษช - tษ™สŠ/ ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
17:16
We stress the second.
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2็•ช็›ฎใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:18
And notice what happens to the first sound.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
17:21
Po becomes /pษ™/
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Po ใŒ /pษ™/ ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
17:23
because when you stress something, you have to unstress the sound next to it.
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ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎ้šฃใฎ้Ÿณใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’่งฃ้™คใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:29
Usually the sound before but not always.
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้€šๅธธใฏๅ‰ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ๅธธใซใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:32
So instead of po-ta-to, it's /pษ™ - teษช - tษ™สŠ/,
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ใƒใ‚ฟใƒˆใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ /pษ™ - teษช - tษ™สŠ/,
17:38
/pษ™ - teษช - tษ™สŠ/
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/pษ™ - teษช - tษ™สŠ/ ๅผท่ชฟใ‚’ไธ€่จ€
17:40
Now if we put the stress in the wrong place in a word,
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ใง่จ€ใˆใฐ ้–“้•ใฃใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็ฝฎใใจใ€
17:44
it can lead to confusion, right?
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ๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
17:47
Let's put this to the test.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:49
I want you to write down these words, right, to see if you know what Iโ€™m saying.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ ใ€็งใฎ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:54
So go and get a pencil or a pen
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้‰›็ญ†ใ‚„ใƒšใƒณใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
17:57
or you can note it on your iPhone or your android phone.
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iPhone ใ‚„ Android ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒณใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:03
Listen carefully and tell me the word Iโ€™m telling you. Okay?
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ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆ ใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
18:07
Listen carefully.
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ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€‚
18:10
Fo-r-get,
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for-getใ€
18:12
fo-r-get.
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for-getใ€‚
18:15
Satur-day,
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Satur-day,
18:18
Satur-day
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Satur-day ใจใพใจใ€ใจใพใจ ๅฑŠใ
18:22
To-mato,
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18:24
to-mato
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18:28
Did you get them?
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ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
18:29
Did you understand the words?
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่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ้–“้•ใฃใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใซ
18:31
Because I was putting the stress in the wrong place and if I change it,
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใฎใง ใ€ๅค‰ใˆใ‚Œใฐ
18:36
you might understand.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:37
So the first one should have been for-get, right?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ ใฏใšใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
18:42
Not fo-r-get.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใ€‚
18:44
For-get.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
18:45
Second one was not Satur-day it should have been Sa-turday
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฏ Satur-day ใงใฏใชใ
18:49
stress on the first syllable, Sa-turday.
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ Sa-turday ใซ Sa-turday ใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
18:53
The last one to-mato.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€‚
18:55
What is a to-mato?
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ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใจใฏ๏ผŸ
18:57
Oh! You mean a to-ma-to, to-ma-to.
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ใŠใƒผ๏ผ ใจใพใจใ€ใจใพใจใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
19:01
So can you see, it's so important to get the stress right in the word
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ใŠใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใซใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’่จ€่‘‰ใงๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆ
19:06
or you're gonna confuse people.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
19:08
I mean imagine, right.
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ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:09
If you walk into a green grocers in England,
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใง้’ๆžœๅบ—ใซ่ถณใ‚’่ธใฟๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€
19:13
a green grocer sells fruit and vegetable, right?
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้’ๆžœๅบ—ใฏๆžœ็‰ฉ ใจ้‡Ž่œใ‚’ๅฃฒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
19:15
And imagine you walk in and go,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆ่กŒใใ€
19:17
โ€œHello! Iโ€™d like a kilo of to-matoes please.โ€
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ๏ผ ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ‚’1ใ‚ญใƒญ ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
19:21
and the shopkeeper goes,
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ๅบ—ไธปใฏใ€
19:23
โ€œA kilo of what?โ€
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚ญใƒญ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:25
โ€œTo-matoesโ€
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ€
19:26
โ€œIโ€™m sorry, we don't have any to-matoes here.โ€
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ใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
19:29
โ€œNo, no, really the red juicy ones.โ€
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ใ€Œใ„ใ‚„ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฏ่ตค่บซใฎใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€
19:33
โ€œNo, no, no to-matoes here. Sorry!โ€
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“๏ผ"
19:36
โ€œOh! Come on. You-- everybody has to-matoes in the salad.โ€
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"ใŠใƒผ๏ผ ๆฅใฆใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ-- ใฟใ‚“ใชใ‚ตใƒฉใƒ€ใซใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
19:40
โ€œoh god! What on earth is this person talking about? We don't have any. Iโ€™m sorry!โ€
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ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸ๏ผ ใ“ใฎไบบใฏไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ•ใ‚’ ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ"
19:47
โ€œOh! Okay. Then well, just give me some po-tatoes.โ€
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"ใŠใƒผ๏ผ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใŒใ„ใ‚‚ใ‚’ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ„ใ€
19:52
po-tatoes.
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ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใ€‚
19:53
Po-ta-toes.
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ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆใ€‚
19:55
Great.
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ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€‚
19:56
So be careful next time when you look at your word stress.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฌกใซ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:00
How do you get it right?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:01
Well, you look in the dictionary
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่พžๆ›ธ
20:03
and it tells you which is the word, which is the syllable to stress.
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชž ใŒใฉใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:07
And when you're making notes of words, right,
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใƒกใƒขใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€
20:10
always make a note of the stress, the word stress.
366
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ๅธธใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚น ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธ‹็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใ
20:14
You can do that by either just underlining, like this, right?
367
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ใ ใ‘ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
20:18
For<u>get</u>, <u>Sa</u>turday.
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<u>ใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆ</u>ใ€<u>ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅ</u>ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€‚
20:20
Some people just write the stress in capital letters.
369
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใงๆ›ธใไบบใ‚‚ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:24
You can write a little circle on top of the stressed syllable.
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ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎไธŠใซๅฐใ•ใชๅ††ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:27
Whichever works.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ๅ‹•ไฝœใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:28
But just make a note, right?
372
1228951
2081
ใงใ‚‚ใƒกใƒขใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใญ๏ผŸ
20:32
Now as I said before, notice it's important to unstress, when you stress.
373
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ๅ‰ใซใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’่งฃๆถˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:37
So instead of saying for-get because you're stressing get,
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€get ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ for-get ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
20:42
it's /fษ™/, /fษ™ - get/
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ใ€/fษ™/ใ€/fษ™ - get/
20:45
that's how you make it work.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:47
/fษ™ - get/
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/fษ™ - get/
20:49
Sa-tur becomes /sรฆ - tษ™/
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Sa-tur ใฏ /sรฆ - tษ™/
20:53
/tษ™/
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20:53
/sรฆ - tษ™ - deษช/
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/tษ™/
/sรฆ - tษ™ - deษช/
20:54
/sรฆ - tษ™ - deษช/
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884
/sรฆ - tษ™ -
20:56
To-ma-to becomes /tษ™โ€™/ not too,
382
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deษช/ ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ /tษ™'/ ใงใฏ
21:00
but /tษ™/
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ใชใใ€/tษ™/
21:01
/tษ™โ€™ โ€“ ma: tษ™สŠ /
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/tษ™ ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ โ€“ ma: tษ™สŠ /
21:03
Very often the unstressed syllable becomes the Schwa sound.
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ๅผทๅ‹ขใฎใชใ„้Ÿณ็ฏ€ ใŒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซๅคšใ„.
21:07
The /ษ™/
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/ษ™/ ่‹ฑ่ชž
21:08
It's the most common sound in English,
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1268568
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ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ้Ÿณใ€
21:11
/ษ™/
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/ษ™/
21:12
Okay.
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1272330
477
21:12
So that's it.
390
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช IELTS ๅ˜่ชž
21:14
Let's have a look at some of the very, very common IELTS words,
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ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
21:17
you need to pronounce correctly.
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ใ€‚
21:20
How do you say these words?
393
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:26
Right. Okay.
394
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ๅณใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
21:28
So you tell me is this right or wrong?
395
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:31
Pho-tography.
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ๅ†™็œŸใ€‚
21:35
It's wrong, right?
397
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้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
21:37
It should be pho-to-graphy.
398
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ†™็œŸใซใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
21:40
Stress on the top,
399
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ไธŠใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚น
21:41
/ fษ™หˆtษ‘หษกrษ™fi /
400
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1814
/ fษ™หˆtษ‘หษกrษ™fi
21:45
The second one.
401
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/ 2ใค็›ฎใ€‚
21:52
The second one, right or wrong?
402
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2ใค็›ฎใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:54
E-co-nomics, e-co-nomics.
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็ตŒๆธˆๅญฆใ€็ตŒๆธˆๅญฆใ€‚
21:59
It should be eco-no-mics,
404
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚จใ‚ณใƒŽใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚จใ‚ณใƒŽใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใ
22:02
eco-no-mics.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:04
Not e-co-nomics,
406
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e-conomicsใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
22:06
Right?
407
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
22:07
/ หŒiหkษ™หˆnษ’mษชks /
408
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/ หŒiหkษ™หˆnษ’mษชks
22:09
If I say e-co-nomist, that's correct.
409
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/ ็งใŒe-co-nomistใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„.
22:12
And so I think you're saying e-co-nomist.
410
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏe-co-nomistใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
22:16
So notice, these words of the same family, often sometimes,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒŸใƒชใƒผใฎใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏ ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:21
the stress, the word stress changes whether it's a noun an adjective or a verb.
412
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ ใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:26
So be careful with these kinds of words.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
22:29
There is another really important group of words,
414
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซ ้‡่ฆใชๅ˜่ชžใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ˜่ชžใฏๅ่ฉžใซ
22:32
where a word can be both a noun and a verb.
415
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ใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
22:36
Like, re-cord or rec-ord.
416
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ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้Œฒ้ŸณใพใŸใฏ้Œฒ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:41
If the stress falls on the first syllable, it's going to be the noun: re-cord.
417
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ ใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™: re-cord.
22:48
If it falls on the second, it's going to be a verb: rec-ord, rec-ord. Okay?
418
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็ง’ ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™: rec-ordใ€rec-ordใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
22:56
So when you see words like these below, trans-port,
419
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎtransportใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ
23:01
the stress on the first is when it's a noun.
420
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚น ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™.
23:04
If you say tran-sport, tran-sport, then it becomes a verb, right?
421
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใจ่จ€ใ†ใจ ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
23:11
The same with im-port.
422
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:13
We have a lot of im-ports, im-ports.
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่ผธๅ…ฅๅ“ใ€่ผธๅ…ฅๅ“ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:17
That's the noun.
424
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
23:19
But if you put it on the second im-port,
425
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3089
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ ใ‚คใƒณใƒใƒผใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒณใƒใƒผใƒˆใซ็ฝฎใใจ
23:22
im-port, then it's a verb.
426
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰
23:25
Iโ€™m going to im-port some cheese or some tomatoes from Spain.
427
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ใƒใƒผใ‚บใ‹ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ‚’่ผธๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€‚
23:34
So that's a really good rule of thumb, right?
428
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ ็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
23:37
A rule of thumb is a general rule.
429
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็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
23:40
If it's a noun, stress the first syllable.
430
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2174
ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:43
If it's a verb, stress the second syllable.
431
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2300
ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:45
Simple easy-peasy, lemon-squeezy.
432
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใง็ฐกๅ˜ใ€ ใƒฌใƒขใƒณ็ตžใ‚Šใ€‚
23:49
Let's move on.
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874
ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:54
Right.
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436
ๅณใ€‚
23:55
Next up sentence stress.
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2128
ๆฌกใซๆ–‡ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€‚
23:57
Sentence stress is where we decide which word to stress in a sentence,
436
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5945
ๆ–‡ใฎๅผท่ชฟใจใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
24:04
in order to express our meaning
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1969
ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
24:06
or maybe to express emphasis as well, right? Now,
438
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ใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ•ใฆใ€
24:11
I don't know if you've ever been to a casino, right?
439
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒŽใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
24:15
In the casino, you can play blackjack, craps
440
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ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒŽใงใฏใ€ใƒšใƒ‹ใƒผ ใ‚นใƒญใƒƒใƒˆ ใƒžใ‚ทใƒณใ‚’ ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใงใใ‚‹ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚น
24:19
that you can play the penny slot machines.
441
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ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
24:22
Casinos you know, 90% of people who gamble,
442
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒŽใ€ ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฎ 90% ใฏ
24:27
lose their money in the casino.
443
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1877
ใ€ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒŽใงใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:29
In fact, there's only one person who wins and that's the casino.
444
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ ๅ‹ใคใฎใฏใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒŽใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:33
So be very careful if you go there.
445
1473654
1985
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใใ“ใซ่กŒใๅ ดๅˆใฏๅๅˆ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:36
But imagine somebody---
446
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1878
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„---
24:38
imagine I went to the casino, I gambled and I lost all my money, right?
447
1478244
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็งใŒใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒŽใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:45
I could say, โ€œI lost all my money.โ€
448
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:49
now if somebody asked me,
449
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1636
่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใซ
24:51
โ€œHow much did you lose?โ€
450
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1207
ใ€Œใ„ใใ‚‰่ฒ ใ‘ใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€
24:53
I say,
451
1493251
615
็งใฏ
24:54
โ€œI lost all my moneyโ€
452
1494367
1633
ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ…จ้ƒจๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
24:57
If somebody says,
453
1497597
1016
24:58
โ€œWhose money did you lose?โ€
454
1498788
1778
ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:01
โ€œI lost all my moneyโ€
455
1501535
1881
ใ€Œ็งใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€
25:04
and if they say,
456
1504948
765
ใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€
25:05
โ€œWhat did you lose Keith?โ€
457
1505738
1361
ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
25:07
โ€œI lost all my moneyโ€
458
1507697
1975
ใ€Œ็งใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€
25:11
Can you hear, that the word is stressed is different each time,
459
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4703
่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ ใฏๆฏŽๅ›ž
25:15
to give a slightly different meaning.
460
1515782
2409
็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
25:18
So it's really important to look at this and to understand how we use it.
461
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
25:23
In other languages, you may use words to emphasize
462
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ไป–ใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใฏใ€ ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
25:27
but we use stress to emphasize.
463
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ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:31
It's also worth knowing that English tends to be, not always,
464
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4474
ใพใŸใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏๅธธใซใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€้Ÿณ็ฏ€
25:35
but tends to be a stress-timed language,
465
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2948
ๆ™‚้–“่จ€่ชžใงใฏใชใๅผทๅ‹ขๆ™‚้–“่จ€่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
25:39
rather than a syllable-timed language.
466
1539587
2562
ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:42
So some languages are that the stress falls every syllable, right?
467
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใŒใ™ในใฆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซ่ฝใกใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
25:51
In English, normally, the stress falls at the same time, not on every syllable.
468
1551089
6465
่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅŒๆ™‚ใซๅผทๅ‹ขใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:00
You'll notice if you listen to my videos, I often say โ€ฆโ€ฆ.
469
1560415
3010
็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€็งใฏใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™โ€ฆโ€ฆใ€‚
26:08
The stress always coming at the same time.
470
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2621
ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฏๅธธใซ ๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
26:11
Let me show you very, very three simple sentences, right.
471
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3650
ใจใฆใ‚‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใช 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:15
Listen, he lives in a big gold house.
472
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2699
่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅฝผใฏๅคงใใช้‡‘ใฎๅฎถใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:18
He lives in a big gold house.
473
1578509
2058
ๅฝผใฏๅคงใใช้‡‘ใฎๅฎถใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:20
He lives in a lovely old house.
474
1580927
1940
ๅฝผใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใชๅคใ„ๅฎถใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:23
He's been living in a lovely old house.
475
1583260
2087
ๅฝผใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใช ๅคใ„ๅฎถใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:26
Can you see the stress is the same every time?
476
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3304
ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚น ใŒๆฏŽๅ›žๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
26:30
But there's lots more syllables.
477
1590145
2786
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:32
But we just squeeze the syllables in
478
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2612
ใงใ‚‚ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’่ฉฐใ‚่พผใ‚€ใ ใ‘ใง
26:36
and this is the secret to English sentence stress, right?
479
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4356
ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ่‹ฑๆ–‡ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
26:40
If you don't stress every syllable,
480
1600869
2394
ใ™ในใฆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ
26:43
you stress the most important words in the sentence.
481
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4869
ไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ˜่ชžใซๅผท่ชฟใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
26:48
He's been living in a lovely old house.
482
1608843
4008
ๅฝผใฏ็ด ๆ•ตใชๅคใ„ๅฎถใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:53
Living lovely house, those are the key words, right?
483
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4715
็ด ๆ•ตใชๅฎถใซไฝใ‚€ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
26:58
And in the same way, do you remember with the to-ma-to, right?
484
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5687
ใจใƒผใพใƒผใจใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
27:04
The to-ma-to in order to stress the โ€œmaโ€,
485
1624599
3793
ใจใƒผใพใƒผใจ ใฏใ€Œใพใ€
27:08
we unstress the to, ta,
486
1628703
2748
ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใจใ€ใŸใ€ใจใƒผใพใƒผใจใฎๅผท่ชฟใ‚’็ทฉใ‚
27:11
to-ma-to.
487
1631695
1080
ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:12
It's the same with sentence stress.
488
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2082
ๆ–‡ใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:15
The words that we don't stress, are often contracted.
489
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4186
็งใŸใกใŒๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ ใฏใ€ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:20
They become weak.
490
1640306
1268
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅผฑใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:21
We tell, we say.
491
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1121
็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ€่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
27:23
So for example, this sentence.
492
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1619
ใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ“ใฎไธ€ๆ–‡ใ€‚
27:25
I go to work at 9.00 a.m.
493
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4014
็งใฏๅˆๅ‰ 9 ๆ™‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใ
27:30
Now, many speakers who have a syllable stressed language would say,
494
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6964
ใพใ™ใ€‚็พๅœจใ€ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซๅผทๅ‹ขใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๆŒใคๅคšใใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€
27:37
โ€œI go to work at 9.00 a.m.โ€
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅˆๅ‰ 9 ๆ™‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:40
But in English, it's I go to work, at 9.00 a.m.
496
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ I go to work ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆๅ‰ 9 ๆ™‚ใซ
27:44
I go to work.
497
1664788
1356
ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
27:46
We stress the โ€œgoโ€ and the โ€œworkโ€
498
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ใ€Œgoใ€ใจใ€Œworkใ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹
27:48
and so the to becomes /tษ™/
499
1668026
1975
ใฎใงใ€to ใฏ /tษ™/ ใซ
27:50
You almost swallow it.
500
1670573
1551
ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:53
Becomes /tษ™/
501
1673026
879
/tษ™/
27:54
I go to work /ษ™t/, at becomes /ษ™t/
502
1674446
3216
ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ /ษ™t/
27:57
at /ษ™t/
503
1677843
988
ใง /ษ™t/ ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ /ษ™t/
27:59
/ษ™t/ 9.00 a.m.
504
1679073
1187
/ษ™t/ ใง 9.00 a.m.
28:00
I go to work /ษ™t/ 9.00 a.m.
505
1680914
1652
็งใฏ /ษ™t/ 9.00 a.m. ใงใ€
28:03
What time do you go to work?
506
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1339
ไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹?
28:04
I go to work /ษ™t/ 9.00 a.m.
507
1684399
1664
็งใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ /ษ™t/ ๅˆๅ‰ 9 ๆ™‚.
28:06
Where do you go?
508
1686347
1064
ใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‹?
28:07
I go to work /ษ™t/ 9.00 a.m.
509
1687581
2139
็งใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ /ษ™t/ ๅˆๅ‰ 9 ๆ™‚
28:10
See?
510
1690640
544
ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:11
Sentence stress.
511
1691703
1239
ๆ–‡ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€‚
28:13
Really important.
512
1693037
1121
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
28:14
That's a quick overview.
513
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1464
ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆฆ‚่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
28:16
Let's move on.
514
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727
ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
28:22
Okay.
515
1702000
615
28:22
Iโ€™m going to move on now and talk about weak and strong forms.
516
1702778
3161
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใ€ ๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใจๅผทใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:26
And this is very closely connected actually to the sentence stress.
517
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆ–‡ใฎๅผทใ•ใจ้žๅธธใซๅฏ†ๆŽฅใซ้–ข้€ฃ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:30
Do you remember I said in a sentence you stress certain words
518
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็งใŒๆ–‡ใฎไธญใง่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
28:35
and therefore you unstress the others.
519
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2952
28:39
So when you unstress a word, we use what we call the โ€œweakโ€ form.
520
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4622
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅผท่ชฟใ‚’่งฃ้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€ใ€Œๅผฑใ„ใ€ๅฝขๅผใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:44
So the words that we unstress normally, are not the important words, right?
521
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6740
ๆ™ฎๆฎตใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’็™บๆ•ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ ใฏใ€้‡่ฆใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
28:51
So we're not talking about nouns, adjectives and verbs.
522
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4383
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
28:55
We're talking about the other smaller words,
523
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็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€
28:58
that kind of connect your sentences.
524
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใคใชใใ‚ˆใ†ใชไป–ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
29:02
So these are the main groups of words, right?
525
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไธปใช ๅ˜่ชžใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
29:05
Where you have weak and a strong form.
526
1745538
2001
ๅผฑใ„ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใจๅผทใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ€‚
29:07
So verbs like to be, to have,
527
1747959
2949
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€to haveใ€
29:11
can, would, should, will.
528
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2208
canใ€wouldใ€shouldใ€will ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:14
Prepositions like to, at, for, from.
529
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4212
toใ€atใ€forใ€from ใชใฉใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€‚
29:19
Conjunctions like and, but, than.
530
1759342
2979
andใ€butใ€than ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€‚
29:22
Pronouns like you, your, he, she, her, him and so on.
531
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youใ€yourใ€heใ€ sheใ€herใ€him ใชใฉใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€‚
29:28
So all of these words have a weak form and a strong form, right?
532
1768192
4973
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใ™ในใฆๅผฑ ๅฝขใจๅผทๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
29:33
For example, to, t o, the strong form is /tuห/
533
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4370
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€to, to o, ๅผทๅฝขใฏ /tuห
29:37
the weak form is /tษ™/
534
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1386
/ ๅผฑๅฝขใฏ /tษ™/
29:40
/tuห//tษ™/
535
1780116
1460
/tuห//tษ™/
29:42
And Iโ€™m often amazed at how many students don't know
536
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4237
ใใ—ใฆ
29:46
about the weak and the strong forms.
537
1786588
1965
ใ€ๅผฑๅฝขใจๅผทๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๅคšใ„ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ้ฉšใ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
29:48
And yet, it is the crux of English pronunciation.
538
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎๆ ธๅฟƒใงใ™ ใ€‚
29:52
It's so important, right?
539
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1959
ใจใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
29:54
So let's take some examples to make this clear for you.
540
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3206
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅˆๅ‰9ๆ™‚ใซๅ‡บ็คพ
29:58
Remember, the sentence before I go to work at 9.00 a.m. right?
541
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
30:05
So we stress go and work.
542
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2833
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่กŒใฃใฆๅƒใใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:09
So I go /tษ™/ work,
543
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ /tษ™/ ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€/tuห/ ใงใฏใชใ /tษ™/ ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใ€
30:12
not /tuห/ but /tษ™/
544
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1490
/ษ™t/
30:14
work and not at but /ษ™t/
545
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2486
ใงใฏใชใ
30:17
/ษ™t/, /ษ™t/
546
1817229
1304
/ษ™t/ใ€/ษ™t/
30:18
I go to work /ษ™t/ 9.00 a.m. right?
547
1818860
3006
ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ /ษ™t/ ๅˆๅ‰ 9 ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
30:21
You've got it all.
548
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797
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:22
You've got the weak forms, the stress and the โ€ฆ..
549
1822760
2894
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ  ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€ใใ—ใฆโ€ฆ..
30:25
I go to work /ษ™t/ 9.00 a.m.
550
1825884
1785
็งใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ /ษ™t/ ๅˆๅ‰9ๆ™‚.
30:29
Iโ€™ll give you some more examples.
551
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™.
30:30
Let's take /wษ’z/ /wษ™z/
552
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2912
/wษ’z/ /wษ™z/
30:33
/wษ’z/ /wษ™z/
553
1833980
1759
/wษ’z/ /wษ™z/
30:36
I /wษ’z/, I /wษ™z/
554
1836582
1831
I /wษ’z/, I /wษ™z/
30:39
I /wษ’z/, I /wษ™z/
555
1839193
1674
I /wษ’z/, I /wษ™z/
30:41
/ fษ”ห/, /fษ™/
556
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1908
/ fษ”ห/, /fษ™/
30:44
/ fษ”ห/ strong, /fษ™/ weak.
557
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3145
/ fษ”ห/ ๅผทใ„, /fษ™/ ๅผฑใ„ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
30:47
/tuห/ strong, /tษ™/ weak.
558
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2587
/tuห/ ๅผทใ„ใ€/tษ™/ ๅผฑใ„ใ€‚
30:50
So let's have a look at this sentence, right.
559
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
30:54
I was waiting for the bus to come.
560
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4317
ใƒใ‚นใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
30:58
Which words do you think we will stress?
561
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2684
ใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
31:05
That's right.
562
1865503
758
ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
31:06
Yes, waiting, bus, come.
563
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2914
ใฏใ„ใ€ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใƒใ‚นใ€ๆฅใฆใ€‚
31:09
They're the key words.
564
1869513
1214
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:10
The verb, the noun, those are they carry the main meeting.
565
1870752
3699
ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ ไธป่ฆใชใƒŸใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’้‹ใณใพใ™ใ€‚
31:14
The main meeting.
566
1874540
897
ใƒกใ‚คใƒณใƒŸใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€‚
31:15
The main meaning.
567
1875587
1207
ไธปใชๆ„ๅ‘ณ. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
31:17
The other words that we unstress therefore, and use the weak form are
568
1877373
4937
ๅผท่ชฟใ‚’่งฃ้™คใ— ใฆๅผฑใ„ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไป–ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€
31:26
yeah.
569
1886551
278
ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:27
/wษ™z/, /fษ™/, /tษ™/
570
1887694
2469
/wษ™z/, /fษ™/, /tษ™/
31:31
So the sentence is I was waiting for the bus to come,
571
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3674
ใงใฏใ€ใƒใ‚นใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡
31:36
okay?
572
1896455
537
ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:37
Break it down.
573
1897217
684
ๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
31:38
I /wษ™z/ waiting /fษ™/ the bus /tษ™/come.
574
1898082
3991
็งใฏ /wษ™z/ ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ /fษ™/ ใƒใ‚น /tษ™/ๆฅใพใ™.
31:44
All together I was waiting for the bus to come.
575
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2867
ใฟใ‚“ใช ใงใƒใ‚นใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
31:48
Can you hear that?
576
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711
่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
31:50
Weak and strong forms.
577
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1545
ๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใจๅผทใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ€‚
31:52
Again, we could look at all of the words and go through them
578
1912154
3405
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ชฟในใฆ็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
31:55
but that's a complete pronunciation course.
579
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2176
ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใช็™บ้Ÿณ ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใ™.
31:57
This is just to give you an introduction.
580
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1894
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:59
So you're aware and you can start listening out for it.
581
1919852
3205
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฐ—ใฅใใ€ ใใ‚Œใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅญ—ๅน•ไป˜ใใฎๅ‹•็”ป
32:03
I think it's really good if you can watch videos with subtitles
582
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4212
ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ—
32:07
or the transcript like the โ€œTed-Edโ€
583
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3045
ใ€ใ€ŒTed-Edใ€
32:10
or the โ€œTed Talksโ€ are great because you can see the transcript.
584
1930938
3228
ใ‚„ใ€ŒTed Talksใ€ใชใฉ ใฎใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ—ใƒˆใฏๅญ—ๅน•ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
32:14
So you can hear and be really listening for these words and
585
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่žใ„
32:18
picking out if you want to read.
586
1938492
1978
ใฆใ€่ชญใฟใŸใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’้ธใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
32:20
โ€œOh! That's where they're reducing. They're using the weak form.โ€
587
1940756
3958
"ใŠใƒผ๏ผ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅผฑใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
32:24
once you start listening out, you'll start waking up to the real sounds of English.
588
1944933
5391
่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ้Ÿณใซ็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:30
And then once you can hear it, you can also start pronouncing it
589
1950738
4214
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆ
32:34
and working on producing it.
590
1954977
1818
ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ไฝœๆฅญใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™.
32:37
Okay.
591
1957008
442
32:37
Great.
592
1957641
498
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€‚
32:38
Let's move on.
593
1958490
701
ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
32:44
Right.
594
1964160
491
32:44
Now, next up is connected speech.
595
1964676
2745
ๅณใ€‚
ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฏๆŽฅ็ถš้Ÿณๅฃฐใงใ™ใ€‚ 3ๆฎต้šŽใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ
32:47
Do you remember we talked about three levels of pronunciation, right?
596
1967676
4252
ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹?
32:51
We had the sounds level, kind of the phonemes,
597
1971953
4142
้Ÿณใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซ ใ€้Ÿณ็ด ใฎ็จฎ้กž
32:56
the consonant and vowel sounds.
598
1976120
1678
ใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใจๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้Ÿณใ€‚
32:58
We then had the word level and we looked at word stress,
599
1978164
3855
ๆฌกใซ ๅ˜่ชžใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚’่ชฟในใ€้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆๅ˜่ชžใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ—ใŸ
33:02
changing the stress on the syllable.
600
1982108
1894
ใ€‚
33:04
And then the third level is kind of the phrase or the chunk
601
1984685
3770
ใใ—ใฆใ€็ฌฌ 3 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฏ ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใพใŸใฏใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏ
33:08
or the sentence level.
602
1988654
1513
ใพใŸใฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚น ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ™ใ€‚
33:10
So we looked at sentence stress.
603
1990312
1666
ใใ“ใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
33:12
And another key part of that third level is connected speech.
604
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4146
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ็ฌฌ 3 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้‡่ฆใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€ ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณๅฃฐใงใ™ใ€‚
33:16
Many languages don't have this.
605
1996928
1680
ๅคšใใฎ่จ€่ชžใซใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
33:19
Some do it to a different degree to English.
606
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่‹ฑ่ชžใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
33:23
But in English it's very common.
607
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1362
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:24
We use it a lot.
608
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963
็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:25
We don't always have to do it.
609
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1774
ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
33:27
But it's really good for use to start doing
610
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3012
ใ—ใ‹ใ—
33:30
at least a little bit of connected speech, if you're not doing any.
611
2010980
3928
ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™.
33:35
So basically, this is where we have two words together.
612
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ ใง 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:40
And we link the sounds between the words.
613
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ˜่ชž้–“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:43
So typically, if a word ends in a consonant sound
614
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3855
้€šๅธธใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒ ๅญ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
33:48
and the next word begins with a vowel sound,
615
2028021
3001
ใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹
33:51
then we'll connect them, right?
616
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2048
ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŽฅ็ถšใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
33:53
For example, wake,
617
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1383
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€wake
33:55
it ends in a /k/, /k/
618
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2085
ใฏ /k/, /k/
33:57
/weษชk/ up.
619
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2392
/weษชk/ ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:00
The next word up, /สŒ/, /สŒ/
620
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2274
ๆฌกใฎ/สŒ/ใ€/สŒ/
34:03
is a vowel sound.
621
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1132
ใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
34:04
So instead of saying wake up,
622
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2328
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็›ฎใ‚’่ฆšใพใ™ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€็›ฎใ‚’
34:07
we say wake-up.
623
2047085
1237
่ฆšใพใ™ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:09
The /k/ and the /สŒ/ come together.
624
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2442
/k/ ใจ /สŒ/ ใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:12
Almost like way-cup, way-cup,
625
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3669
ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใ€
34:16
wake-up.
626
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555
ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
34:17
They're connected.
627
2057377
825
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:18
Can you hear the difference between I wake up and I wake-up?
628
2058456
3970
I wake up ใจ I wake up ใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
34:23
You're making a chunk.
629
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1323
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
34:25
It's so much easier to pronounce.
630
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2255
ใจใฆใ‚‚็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
34:28
And it sounds so much more natural. Okay?
631
2068450
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
34:31
Other common examples we may see,
632
2071609
2119
ใใฎไป–ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€
34:34
first of all,
633
2074078
2495
34:37
first /t/, /t/
634
2077951
2869
ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซ /t/, /t/
34:40
will link to the /ษ”ห/
635
2080996
1383
ใŒ /ษ”ห/ ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏ
34:42
and the of, /v/, /v/
636
2082980
2804
ใ—ใ€/v/, /v/ ใŒใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
34:45
Remember o, f is /ษ™v/ with a /v/
637
2085832
2985
ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚o, f ใฏ /v/ ใ‚’ไผดใ† /ษ™v/
34:49
/v/+/ษ”หl/ = /vษ”หl/
638
2089278
2267
/v/+/ษ”หl/ = /vษ”หl/
34:51
/vษ”หl/.
639
2091959
1049
/vษ”หl/.
34:53
Watch the mouth /vษ”หl/
640
2093474
1810
ๅฃใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆ /vษ”หl/
34:55
Remember, first-of-all.
641
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2790
ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
34:58
First-of-all.
642
2098486
1368
ๅˆใ‚ใซใ€‚
34:59
So there's a /tvษ”หl/.
643
2099879
1760
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰/tvษ”หl/ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:02
The best way to do this is to go backwards.
644
2102672
2048
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ ใ€ๅพŒใ‚ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
35:05
Repeat with me.
645
2105006
805
35:05
/vษ”หl/,
646
2105982
1047
็งใจ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
/vษ”หl/,
35:07
/tvษ”หl/
647
2107871
1369
/tvษ”หl/
35:09
First-of-all.
648
2109781
1382
ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€‚
35:12
First-of-all.
649
2112233
865
ๅˆใ‚ใซใ€‚
35:14
A bit strange I know.
650
2114726
1177
็งใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:15
But that is linking.
651
2115928
1141
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:17
Another example on top of that.
652
2117417
2992
ใใฎไธŠใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ไพ‹ใ€‚
35:20
Same thing.
653
2120720
825
ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ€‚
35:21
Top of, top-of.
654
2121570
2930
ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ€ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ€‚
35:24
Top-of
655
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1009
ใใฎไธŠใซ
35:26
On top-of that
656
2126265
1529
ใใฎไธŠใซ ใใฎไธŠใซ ใใฎ
35:28
On top-of that
657
2128012
1284
ไธŠใซ ใใฎไธŠใซ ใใฎ
35:29
On top-of that
658
2129868
1909
35:32
On top-of that
659
2132978
946
ไธŠใซ ใใฎไธŠใซ
35:35
So the most common occurrence is when you know,
660
2135186
2402
ใใฎไธŠใซ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใฎ
35:37
you have a word finishing in a consonant sound
661
2137613
2184
ใฏใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒ
35:39
and the next one begins with a vowel,
662
2139822
1743
ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชž ใŒๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€
35:41
you can connect but you don't have to.
663
2141741
2310
ๆŽฅ็ถšใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
35:44
Again, I think it's really good practice for you to start listening out for this.
664
2144542
4328
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:50
Because once you start hearing it, it'll become crystal clear.
665
2150019
3529
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ไธ€ๅบฆ่žใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
35:53
It's extremely common in phrasal verbs, right?
666
2153834
4301
ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
35:58
Things like take out, take-out
667
2158160
3289
ใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆ
36:01
Give-up
668
2161840
1002
ใ‚ฎใƒ–ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—
36:03
Take-on
669
2163263
1123
36:05
Put-away.
670
2165103
1054
ใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚ชใƒณใƒ—ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
36:06
Because most prepositions begin with a vowel, right?
671
2166558
2814
ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž ใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
36:09
Pu-taway, taway.
672
2169645
2472
ใƒ—ใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ€‚
36:12
And the way to practice is separate that final consonant and put it together
673
2172777
4916
ใใ—ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ ใ€ใใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Š้›ขใ—ใฆ
36:17
with the second word.
674
2177718
1022
ใ€2็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใจๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
36:18
Pu-taway
675
2178967
1360
Pu-
36:21
Ta-kaway
676
2181028
1664
taway Ta-kaway Ta-koff Ta-koff
36:23
Ta-koff
677
2183250
1476
36:25
Ta-koff
678
2185258
752
36:26
Ta-koff your coat.
679
2186035
1354
Ta-koff ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ€‚
36:27
Pu-taway your shoes.
680
2187535
1754
้ดใ‚’็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
36:30
Give-away your money.
681
2190650
1339
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
36:32
Why not?
682
2192547
773
ใชใœใ ใ‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
36:34
So very nice.
683
2194150
1075
ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ•ตใงใ™ใ€‚
36:35
That's connected speech.
684
2195250
944
ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ณใƒใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใ™ใ€‚
36:36
Now another very quick thing that you'll notice with connected speech
685
2196306
3668
ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใซ ใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้Ÿณๅฃฐใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
36:39
it's not just linking,
686
2199999
1487
ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ˜ใซใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
36:42
there are also other strange and magical things happening.
687
2202134
3350
ไป–ใซใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ ใง้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
36:45
We have letters or sounds that disappear.
688
2205509
3371
ๆถˆใˆใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚„้Ÿณ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
36:50
Letters and words that appear out of nowhere.
689
2210064
3103
ใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚ใชใ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚„่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
36:53
All sorts of things happen, which I won't go into much detail.
690
2213510
3690
ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใชใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ่ฉณใ—ใใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
36:57
But let me just tell you one, where a sound disappears, right?
691
2217311
3899
ใงใ‚‚ไธ€ใคใ ใ‘่จ€ใ‚ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€้ŸณใŒๆถˆใˆใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
37:01
And it's a very common one because it's one, that a lot of students get wrong.
692
2221528
4442
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ้–“้•ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
37:06
And it's the word mus"t" that finishes in a โ€œtโ€, right?
693
2226258
3147
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏmus"t"ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
37:09
Must.
694
2229430
746
ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
37:11
So if we say, I musโ€œtโ€ go,
695
2231478
2289
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
37:14
nobody speaks like that, right?
696
2234327
1770
่ชฐใ‚‚ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ?
37:16
I musโ€œtโ€ go.
697
2236122
1438
็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
37:17
It's very, very strange.
698
2237931
997
ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
37:18
That โ€œtโ€ sound drops and disappears.
699
2238953
3733
ใใฎใ€Œtใ€ใฎ้ŸณใŒ่ฝใก ใฆๆถˆใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
37:23
So it's actually, I mus go.
700
2243425
2689
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
37:26
There is no โ€œtโ€.
701
2246592
1009
ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„"ใ€‚
37:27
I mus go.
702
2247828
873
็งใฏ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
37:30
He mus pay.
703
2250720
1197
ๅฝผใฏๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
37:32
He mus pay, right?
704
2252268
1845
ๅฝผใฏๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
37:34
Forget the โ€œtโ€.
705
2254138
818
37:34
It drops.
706
2254981
700
ใ€Œใƒˆใ€ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
่ฝใกใพใ™ใ€‚
37:36
So if you've got must, and the next word begins with
707
2256122
3588
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€must ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ™ในใฆใง
37:40
most consonant sounds, not all of them.
708
2260059
2438
ใฏใชใใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅญ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
37:42
Then things like I mus go, he mus pay, I mus listen more
709
2262678
5591
ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใŒๆถˆใˆใ‚‹ใพใงใ€็งใฏ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ๅฝผใฏ ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€็งใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ่žใๅฟ…่ฆ
37:48
that โ€œtโ€ disappears.
710
2268710
1569
ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:50
Very good one to learn because it's such a common modal verb.
711
2270875
3054
้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ๅญฆใถใฎใซ้žๅธธใซ้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:54
There are many more but not for today.
712
2274153
2881
ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใ“ใพใงใงใ™ใ€‚
37:57
Let's move on.
713
2277059
1132
ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
38:02
Right.
714
2282806
533
ๅณใ€‚
38:03
Last, but not least intonation.
715
2283364
3354
ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ้‡่ฆใชใฎใŒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
38:07
Now this is one of the most challenging parts of pronunciation.
716
2287237
3629
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
38:11
And it's all about that third level
717
2291261
2066
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
38:13
we talked about, about chunk phrase sentence level.
718
2293352
3705
็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใใฎ็ฌฌ 3 ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บ ใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚น ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
38:17
Intonation is basically the change in pitch or tone
719
2297890
4069
ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€
38:22
across a sentence to give meaning.
720
2302341
3442
ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใงใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใพใŸใฏใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
38:26
In many languages, you have different tones
721
2306745
2515
ๅคšใใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชž ใ”ใจใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒˆใƒผใƒณ
38:29
for different words and it changes the meaning of the word, right?
722
2309285
3766
ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
38:33
For example in Chinese, you have
723
2313476
1690
ไพ‹ใˆใฐไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใ€
38:35
mรก, mฤ, mรก
724
2315191
2471
ใƒžใƒผใ€ใƒžใƒผใ€ใƒžใƒผ
38:38
right?
725
2318286
291
38:38
And others.
726
2318602
996
ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
ใใฎไป–ใ€‚
38:40
And it changes the meaning of the word.
727
2320331
1544
ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
38:42
In English,
728
2322009
1335
่‹ฑ่ชžใง
38:43
the tone or the pitch changes on a word
729
2323909
4293
ใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚„ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒ ใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚„ๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“
38:48
but it affects the meaning of the whole phrase or the whole sentence.
730
2328385
4049
ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:53
That's the important thing, right?
731
2333094
1553
ใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงไบ‹ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
38:55
So we have, I guess three basic kind of pitches.
732
2335245
4473
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€3 ใคใฎ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช็จฎ้กžใฎใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:59
We've got rising Mmh, Mmh.
733
2339743
3912
ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:05
Falling Mmm, Mmm.
734
2345266
2913
่ฝใกใ‚‹ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
39:08
Falling-rising Mmm-Mmh
735
2348687
3146
ไธ‹้™-ไธŠๆ˜‡
39:12
Mmm-Mmh.
736
2352465
1475
ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚
39:14
And you can also have actually rising-falling Mmh-Mmm.
737
2354940
4360
ใพใŸใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ไธŠๆ˜‡ไธ‹้™ใ™ใ‚‹ Mmh-Mmm ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
39:20
There are different kinds, right?
738
2360777
1541
ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใช็จฎ้กžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
39:22
I guess the main thing we're going to focus on is how these can be used
739
2362438
4027
็งใŸใกใŒ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไธปใชใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จ
39:26
to change the meaning of the phrase.
740
2366490
2355
ใ— ใฆใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
39:28
There are no strict rules for this, right?
741
2368989
2715
ใ“ใ‚ŒใซใฏๅŽณๅฏ†ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
39:31
And that's what makes it really difficult.
742
2371729
2355
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
39:34
Iโ€™m going to give you some rules of thumb.
743
2374787
2127
ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:37
Thumb, a rule of thumb is a general guideline
744
2377448
3590
็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ ใฏใ€
39:41
for certain ways of using them.
745
2381840
1784
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
39:43
But really it comes from practice, okay.
746
2383649
2884
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:47
Let me begin with a very, very simple example, right?
747
2387074
4068
้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใชไพ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
39:52
Imagine I've been to the casino.
748
2392340
1943
ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒŽใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:54
โ€œWhat, again?โ€ Yeah.
749
2394768
1211
ใ€Œไฝ•ใ€ใพใŸ๏ผŸใ€ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
39:56
And I get home and Iโ€™ve lost all my money, right?
750
2396397
2765
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃ ใฆใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅคฑใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
39:59
And I tell my Mrs. my wife,
751
2399187
2462
ใใ—ใฆๅฆปใซ
40:02
โ€œYou know, Iโ€™m really sorry but Iโ€™ve lost all my money. All our moneyโ€
752
2402238
5157
ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€
40:07
and she might say,
753
2407921
1134
ใใ—ใฆๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
40:09
โ€œWell, that's great.โ€
754
2409667
1302
ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
40:12
I don't think she's going to say,
755
2412969
1463
ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„๏ผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
40:14
โ€œWell that's great!โ€
756
2414699
1246
ใ€‚
40:17
because โ€œWell, that's great!โ€
757
2417671
1991
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™๏ผใ€
40:19
rising means that it's great!, it's very, very good.
758
2419687
3313
ไธŠๆ˜‡ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™!ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซใ€้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„.
40:23
But the same words โ€œwell, that's greatโ€
759
2423258
2655
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅŒใ˜่จ€่‘‰ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใฎ
40:26
falling intonation.
760
2426430
906
ๆŠ‘ๆšใงใ™ใ€‚
40:27
Means it's terrible.
761
2427361
1332
ใฒใฉใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
40:28
Very, very bad.
762
2428901
1145
ใ‚‚ใฎใ™ใ”ใๆ‚ชใ„ใ€‚
40:30
So that intonation is key on expressing the meaning.
763
2430599
3866
ใใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ไธŠใง้‡่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚
40:34
Let's look at some rules of thumb.
764
2434490
3232
ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
40:37
First of all, questions.
765
2437911
1521
ใพใšใ€่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
40:39
So generally, we've got two kinds of questions.
766
2439641
3160
ไธ€่ˆฌใซใ€ 2 ็จฎ้กžใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:42
We've got questions which are open like, what, where, why, who.
767
2442826
5146
ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใฉใ“ใงใ€ใชใœใ€่ชฐใŒใ€ใจใ„ใฃใŸใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใช่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:48
Those open questions have normally a falling intonation, right?
768
2448437
5326
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆœช่งฃๆฑบใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏ้€šๅธธ ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
40:54
What time are you coming?
769
2454201
1360
ไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
40:56
Who are you going with?
770
2456542
1303
่ชฐใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸ
40:58
Where are you going?
771
2458098
1182
ใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸ
40:59
What are you doing?
772
2459305
1150
ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
41:03
Usually those questions have a falling intonation.
773
2463383
3743
้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ ใฏๆŠ‘ๆšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:08
The close questions kind of yes/no answer questions
774
2468748
4601
ใฏใ„/ใ„ใ„ใˆใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฟ‘ใ„่ณชๅ•
41:13
normally have a rising intonation.
775
2473374
2262
ใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
41:15
Are you coming?
776
2475785
822
ๆฅใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:17
Are you sure?
777
2477014
941
ๆœฌๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:18
Do you want some?
778
2478303
941
ใ„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:19
Do you have time?
779
2479689
940
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:21
Can you hear that?
780
2481721
902
่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:22
Are you coming?
781
2482761
940
ๆฅใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:25
Do you want some?
782
2485246
1024
ใ„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:28
It's rising.
783
2488184
1079
ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:29
So those kind of questions, right, normally it's rising.
784
2489430
3659
ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€้€šๅธธใฏไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:34
What else we've got?
785
2494099
1736
ไป–ใซไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:36
Lists.
786
2496198
1088
ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚
41:38
Sometimes in IELTS you might be giving a list of things.
787
2498030
3532
IELTSใงใฏใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๆ็คบใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
41:42
And the very common intonation pattern is
788
2502040
4007
ใใ—ใฆใ€้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฏใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆ
41:46
rising, rising, falling on the last one of the list, right?
789
2506183
4261
ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 1 ใคใงไธŠๆ˜‡ใ€ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ€ไธ‹้™ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
41:50
Not always.
790
2510762
878
ๅธธใซใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
41:51
And you don't have to do this but it is a common recognized pattern, right?
791
2511944
3639
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่ช่ญ˜ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
41:56
Do you like animals?
792
2516624
1186
ๅ‹•็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
41:58
Yeah, sure.
793
2518108
926
ใˆใˆใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ€‚
41:59
I like elephants, tigers and monkeys.
794
2519106
2409
ใ‚พใ‚ฆใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใ€ใ‚ตใƒซใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
42:04
Right?
795
2524948
227
ๅณ๏ผŸ
42:05
I like elephants, tigers and monkeys.
796
2525200
2804
ใ‚พใ‚ฆใ€ใƒˆใƒฉใ€ใ‚ตใƒซใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
42:09
Do you like animals?
797
2529271
1253
ๅ‹•็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
42:13
Right.
798
2533920
842
ๅณใ€‚
42:14
Exactly, yes.
799
2534787
1220
ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:16
Vegetables.
800
2536508
1064
้‡Ž่œใ€‚
42:17
I like carrots, bananas that's not a vegetable.
801
2537691
2470
้‡Ž่œใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใ‚„ใƒใƒŠใƒŠใŒๅฅฝใใ€‚
42:20
I like carrots, potatoes and tomatoes.
802
2540186
2595
ใซใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใŒใ„ใ‚‚ใ€ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
42:24
Some of you are saying,
803
2544744
831
42:25
โ€œKeith, tomatoes are fruit.โ€ I know, but not to worry.
804
2545600
4415
ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใ€ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใฏๆžœ็‰ฉใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
42:30
This is a test of English.
805
2550085
2261
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
42:32
Not a test of nutrition.
806
2552514
1707
ๆ „้คŠๆคœๆŸปใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
42:34
So lists, right?
807
2554998
1337
ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
42:36
That's very common to have that.
808
2556360
1659
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:38
The other one is conditionals.
809
2558233
2038
ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฏๆกไปถใงใ™ใ€‚
42:40
So very often conditionals, the first part goes up
810
2560653
3773
้žๅธธใซ้ ป็นใซใ€ๆกไปถไป˜ใใง ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒไธŠใŒใ‚Š
42:44
and the second part goes down, right?
811
2564451
2066
ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
42:47
If you win, you will get a prize.
812
2567461
2403
ๅ‹ใฆใฐๆ™ฏๅ“ใŒใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
42:50
If you win, you will get a prize.
813
2570754
2490
ๅ‹ใฆใฐๆ™ฏๅ“ใŒใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
42:54
So notice the intonation happens on the last word.
814
2574143
3413
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใง็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
42:58
But it's affecting the whole sentence.
815
2578005
2191
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:00
Win, prize.
816
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2068
ๅ‹ใคใ€่ณžๅ“ใ€‚
43:03
If you win, you'll get a prize.
817
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2380
ๅ‹ใฆใฐๆ™ฏๅ“ใŒใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
43:06
If I were rich, Iโ€™d be very happy.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ้‡‘ๆŒใกใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนธใ›ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
43:10
Okay?
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43:10
So this is quite common with many, many conditional sentences.
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4111
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ ๅคšใใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใงใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
43:15
Again, just to be clear, this is not a rule that you have to follow.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
43:19
Intonation is super flexible.
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ้žๅธธใซๆŸ”่ปŸใงใ™ใ€‚
43:21
It's just a rule of thumb.
823
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹็ตŒ้จ“ๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
43:23
It's a guideline of common ways intonation is used.
824
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎไธ€่ˆฌ ็š„ใชไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฎใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
43:28
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
43:29
As always,
826
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
43:30
there's not enough time to give you more detail.
827
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่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
43:33
But I hope Iโ€™ve given you a flavour of the importance of pronunciation
828
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€ง
43:38
and really what the pronunciation features are,
829
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3445
ใจๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ ็‰นๅพดใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜ŽใงใใŸใจ
43:41
you need to be working on to get that Band 7 in IELTS speaking.
830
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ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใงใƒใƒณใƒ‰ 7 ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
43:48
It takes a lot of practice, it takes a lot of time
831
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ใใ‚Œใซใฏๅคšใใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ€ๅคšใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€
43:51
and it's all about training your mouth, training your muscles, your lips,
832
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ๅฃใฎใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€็ญ‹่‚‰ใฎใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ๅ”‡
43:55
your tongue, your jaw
833
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ใ€่ˆŒใ€้กŽ
43:57
and the voice and unvoiced, which we haven't talked much about.
834
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ใ€ๅฃฐใจ็„กๅฃฐใฎใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใŒใ™ในใฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:01
Maybe I should do a series.
835
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ใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ใชใ€‚
44:03
Maybe I should make a course on pronunciation.
836
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2064
ๅคšๅˆ†็งใฏ ็™บ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
44:05
I don't know.
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
44:06
But I hope this is going to give you incentive and motivation
838
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4953
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใจใƒขใƒใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ€
44:11
to start discovering more.
839
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ไปŠๆ—ฅ
44:12
Go and have a look at the apps Iโ€™ve shared with you today.
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็ดนไป‹ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒช ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
44:15
And get cracking.
841
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1439
ใใ—ใฆใฒใณๅ‰ฒใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰็™บ้Ÿณใฎ
44:17
Start levelling up your pronunciation today.
842
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ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
44:20
Okay?
843
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492
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
44:21
All of this is based on a British model and that's because Iโ€™m British.
844
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4713
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ่‹ฑๅ›ฝไบบใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
44:27
It's perfectly fine to use an American model.
845
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3423
ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
44:31
If you're a teacher's American of course or Canadian or Australian,
846
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใ€ ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ไบบใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใ‚ขไบบใฎๆ•™ๅธซใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚‹้Ÿณใ‚’
44:34
you're going to be adopting slightly different sounds.
847
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ๆŽก็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ IELTSใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใง
44:38
Do remember that accent is not important in IELTS speaking, right?
848
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4223
ใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹?
44:44
And it's not a British test.
849
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:45
It's international English.
850
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1457
ๅ›ฝ้š›่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
44:47
It includes American English, Australian English, right?
851
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3420
ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒชใ‚ข่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ็ทด็ฟ’
44:51
All kinds of Englishes from around the world,
852
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2999
44:54
as you'll know when you've done your listening practice.
853
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ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎ่‹ฑ่ชž ใ€‚
44:57
And the same for speaking.
854
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1152
ใใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
44:58
It doesn't matter about your accent, so long as
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45:02
your pronunciation is clear and you have control of these pronunciation features.
856
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6723
็™บ้ŸณใŒๆ˜Ž็ขบใง ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็™บ้ŸณๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’ๅˆถๅพกใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:09
And you can now go and tell your friends,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ€ๅ‹้”ใซ
45:11
โ€œI know what the pronunciation features are. Look! Keith has told usโ€
858
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ใ€Œ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ็‰นๅพดใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใฆ๏ผ ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใฏ็งใŸใกใซใ“ใ†
45:17
Go and share the good news.
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่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
45:20
As always, Iโ€™d like to thank our sponsors for today's video, that's Cambly.
860
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใ‚นใƒใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ Cambly ใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:25
Cambly is an online teaching platform,
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Cambly ใฏใ€
45:28
where you can find a native English-speaking teacher
862
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2728
่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ•™ๅธซใŒ
45:31
to help you with you--
863
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณๆ•™่‚ฒใƒ—ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ™
45:32
well, with your pronunciation.
864
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ใ€‚
45:34
What a great opportunity.
865
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1447
ใชใ‚“ใฆ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆฉŸไผšใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:36
So go and check them out.
866
2736806
1139
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่กŒใฃใฆใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
45:37
You can get a discount if you use the code,
867
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2512
ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:41
the code here โ€œkeith-discโ€
868
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3134
ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ‰ใฏใ€Œkeith-discใ€
45:44
and with that, you'll get a discount on their offers
869
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ใงใ™
45:48
for any or all of their packages.
870
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1969
ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ไธ€้ƒจใพใŸใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ธใฎใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใŒๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
45:50
Take advantage.
871
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897
ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
45:51
Go and check it out.
872
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820
่กŒใฃใฆใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
45:52
Thank you very much Cambly!
873
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ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ–ใƒชใƒผใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™๏ผ
45:53
I hope you've enjoyed this video.
874
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2007
ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
45:55
Please do subscribe.
875
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่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
45:57
Turn on the notifications.
876
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1873
้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:00
Share it with your friends.
877
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1530
ใŠๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
46:01
And keep practicing.
878
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒŽใงใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃ
46:03
I can't wait to see you soon, if I haven't lost all my money down at the casino.
879
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ใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ™ใใซใ‚ใชใŸใซไผšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅพ…ใกใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ .
46:11
Don't worry, I don't gamble.
880
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€็งใฏใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:12
On a final closing note,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚Šใจใ—ใฆใ€
46:14
I haven't done a pronunciation course but I have done a fluency course
882
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3586
็งใฏใพใ ็™บ้Ÿณ ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅ—่ฌ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฏๅ—่ฌ›ใ—ใฆ
46:18
and the fluency course focuses a lot on intonation and pronunciation, actually.
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2778319
6431
ใŠใ‚Šใ€ๆตๆšขใ•ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใฏ ใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:25
So if you want to go and check it out, it's up here,
884
2785058
2900
่กŒใฃใฆ็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹
46:27
it's fluency for IELTS speaking.
885
2787983
2160
IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฎๆตๆšขใ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
46:30
The links are down below.
886
2790533
1358
ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฏไธ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
46:32
There is a discount on at the moment.
887
2792035
2136
ๅชไปŠๅ€คไธ‹ใ’ไธญใงใ™ใ€‚
46:34
Go and check it out.
888
2794320
977
่กŒใฃใฆใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
46:35
It might be right for you.
889
2795322
1397
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:37
Go and see.
890
2797106
789
่กŒใฃใฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ€‚
46:38
Take care my friends!
891
2798425
1094
ๅ‹้”ใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆ๏ผ
46:39
All the best now.
892
2799706
853
ไปŠใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
46:40
Bye-bye!
893
2800809
507
ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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