Smart ways to use the PRESENT SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS in IELTS Speaking | Keith's Grammar Guides

336,894 views

2020-09-05 ใƒป English Speaking Success


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Smart ways to use the PRESENT SIMPLE and CONTINUOUS in IELTS Speaking | Keith's Grammar Guides

336,894 views ใƒป 2020-09-05

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- Hello, my friends and welcome.
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- ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:02
So I'm starting a series of videos about grammar.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€้€ฃใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:07
And today we're gonna be looking at four grammatical tenses,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ 4 ใคใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’
00:11
I'm gonna show you how to form them and how you can use
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่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๆˆๆ–นๆณ•ใจ
00:14
them in the IELTS speaking test.
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IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:17
Let's do it!
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
00:18
(bright upbeat dramatic music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ๅŠ‡็š„ใช้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
00:28
Hi, my name is Keith and I run the Keith Speaking Academy,
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใจ็”ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚น ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใ‚’้‹ๅ–ถ
00:31
and I'm here to help you speak better English,
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชž
00:35
give better answers and get a higher score
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ใ‚’ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใ€IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใพใ™
00:38
on the IELTS speaking test.
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ใ€‚
00:41
So I wanted to start a series of videos about grammar.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€้€ฃใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
00:44
A lot of people have asked me about grammar,
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
00:46
but specifically grammar for the IELTS speaking test.
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ใŒใ€็‰นใซ IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:50
Did you know that written grammar,
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ๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•
00:53
and spoken grammar are a little bit different?
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ใจ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ• ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹?
00:57
So today we're gonna look at four different tenses
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€็พๅœจใฎ 4 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ
01:00
all around the present time.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
So we're gonna look at present simple,
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ใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
01:05
present continuous, present perfect,
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01:08
and the present perfect continuous, right?
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ใ„ใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:11
The four tenses in the present time,
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็พๅœจใฎ4ใคใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€
01:14
or so we think.
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ใพใŸใฏใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:17
So when it comes to grammar,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ
01:18
it's really important, I think, there are two things,
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่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆ
01:21
two things we should look at.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
One is the rules of grammar.
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1ใคใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:27
So being able to understand, know
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ€็Ÿฅใ‚Šใ€ๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
01:29
and follow grammatical rules is important.
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ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:33
But that's only half the story.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฉฑใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:36
The other 50% is about creating meaning.
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ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ 50% ใฏใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎๅ‰ต้€ ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:41
So what do I mean by that, is that when we use different
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹
01:44
tenses we create a certain meaning.
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ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:48
And very often it's not about it's right or it's wrong,
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹้–“้•ใฃ
01:52
it's about what do you mean?
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใฏใชใใ€ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
01:54
So for example, right?
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
01:56
Some people say to me, Keith,
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01:58
when the examiner asks me where do you live?
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ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ๅฎ˜ใซ ใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
02:01
Do you, do I say, I live in London or I am living in London?
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็งใฏ ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:07
Well, the thing is grammatically they're both correct.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ๅ•้กŒใฏๆ–‡ๆณ• ็š„ใซใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:10
But each one creates a slightly different meaning.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
And it's important that you understand the meaning
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใ‚‹
02:17
you are creating to have good communication, right?
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ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ?
02:21
In fact, you could say,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
02:23
I have lived in London or I have been living in London.
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็งใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:26
All of them are correct, but what's the meaning?
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ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:30
So we will focus on grammatical rules,
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚‚็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:33
but also creating meaning, it's really important,
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ใ€
02:36
especially when we're speaking, right?
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็‰นใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
02:39
Okay, great, just as we begin to let you know,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใŒใ€
02:42
if you're interested I do have an online course.
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณ ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:45
It looks at IELTS speaking in depth,
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IELTSใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆทฑใๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ณชๅ•ใจใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ1ใ€2ใ€3ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€IELโ€‹โ€‹TSใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•
02:48
different questions and topics,
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02:50
part one, two and three,
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02:52
gives you lots of language
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02:54
and pronunciation to help you as well as ideas actually,
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ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๅฎŸ้š›
02:58
to help you do better in IELTS speaking.
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ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅคšใใฎ่จ€่ชžใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™.
03:01
It's on Udemy somewhere up here, go and check
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ใ“ใ“ใฎใฉใ“ใ‹ใฎUdemyใซใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€่กŒใฃใฆใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏ
03:04
it out, if it's right for you, go for it.
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ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:07
Now, then let's get into that really interesting
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„
03:10
world of grammar.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎไธ–็•Œใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:14
Right, so let's begin!
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
03:16
Oh, actually I've just noticed you can see my Zoom shirt.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸใฏไปŠ ใ€็งใฎ Zoom ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:22
(chuckles)
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(็ฌ‘)
03:24
My zoom shirt, do you know what a Zoom shirt is, right?
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ๅƒ•ใฎใ‚บใƒผใƒ ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ€ใ‚บใƒผใƒ ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ
03:27
Do you know in the times of COVID-19,
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COVID-19 ใฎๆ™‚ไปฃใซใ€
03:29
more and more people are working online?
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ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใพใ™ใพใ™ๅข—ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹?
03:32
So the survey was done
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ใใ“ใง่ชฟๆŸปใŒ่กŒใ‚
03:34
and discovered that most people walk around the house
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ใ‚Œใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ ไบบ
03:37
in summer wearing very little, maybe nothing.
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ใŒๅคใซๅฎถใฎไธญใ‚’ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่บซใซ็€ใ‘ใฆใ„ ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไฝ•ใ‚‚็€ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ.
03:40
And when it comes to the meetings
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไผš่ญฐใซใชใ‚‹
03:42
they take the shirt off the back of the chair,
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ใจใ€ๆค…ๅญใฎๅพŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰
03:44
they put on the shirt,
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ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’่„ฑใŽใ€ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใฆใ€
03:45
they get all dressed up and then they have their official
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ใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ— ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…ฌๅผใฎ
03:48
serious professional meeting, right?
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็œŸๅ‰ฃใชใƒ—ใƒญใฎไผš่ญฐใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
03:50
(laughs)
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(็ฌ‘)
03:52
And well, who knows if they're wearing trousers,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚บใƒœใƒณใ€
03:54
boxer shorts, one sock, odd coloured socks,
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ใƒœใ‚ฏใ‚ตใƒผ ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ„ใ€้ดไธ‹ 1 ใคใ€ๅค‰ ใช่‰ฒใฎ้ดไธ‹ใ‚’ๅฑฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏ
03:58
nobody knows, it's the, it's called the Zoom shirt.
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่ชฐใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚บใƒผใƒ  ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:02
So I'm gonna get rid of this, 'cause I've already got
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™
04:05
my shirt on.
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ใ€‚
04:07
Right, let's get down to business.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆœฌ้กŒใซๅ–ใ‚ŠๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:09
I'm gonna look today at the present tenses.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅ ใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
Let's begin with the present simple, right?
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็พๅœจใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:15
Now, the presence symbol,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ‚น ใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใฏใ€
04:21
is used to talk about states,
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็Šถๆ…‹ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
04:24
things that are fairly permanent, right?
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ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
04:27
I live in Santander, right?
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:31
For example, here, I live in Santander.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:35
I work in a university.
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็งใฏๅคงๅญฆใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:37
My brother studies law.
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็งใฎๅ…„ใฏๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:39
Actually, those are not entirely true.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:41
I live in Santander, that's true.
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:45
I don't work in a university, I work from home,
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็งใฏๅคงๅญฆใงๅƒใ„ใฆใŠใ‚‰ใš ใ€่‡ชๅฎ…ใงไป•ไบ‹
04:49
and actually my brother doesn't study law,
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04:52
he studies, he doesn't study.
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ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅ…„ใฏๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:54
What am I saying?
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ไฝ•่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ไฟบใฏ๏ผŸ
04:55
(laughs)
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(็ฌ‘)
04:56
He's older than me.
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅนดไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
04:57
He works, he works in the finance field.
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ๅฝผใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ๅฝผใฏ้‡‘่žๅˆ†้‡Žใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
So these are different states, right?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:04
We can say, I live in Santander,
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซ
05:07
my, well, let me tell you, my dad lives in Manchester.
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ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ€็ˆถใฏใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
My brother lives in Chorlton.
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็งใฎๅ…„ใฏใƒใƒงใƒผใƒซใƒˆใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:13
My sister lives in the North of England too.
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็งใฎๅฆน ใ‚‚ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ๅŒ—้ƒจใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:17
Me and my family we live here in Spain.
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็งใจ็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฏใ“ใ“ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:23
So let's have a look at the form here.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:26
So we will say, right?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:27
I, you, we, they plus the verb.
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็งใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€็งใŸใกใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
05:31
So I live, you live, right?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ็”Ÿใใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็”Ÿใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:34
Or in the negative, I don't live in England, right?
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ใพใŸใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:38
I live here!
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™๏ผ
05:40
So it's I, you, we, they plus don't plus the verb, okay?
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I, you, we, they plus don't plus ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:45
For example, I want to talk,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใซ
05:47
but you don't want to listen, common scenario.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่žใใŸใใชใ„ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใ€‚
05:51
(laughing)
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(็ฌ‘)
05:53
Now, with he and she it's different,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฝผใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
05:55
and this is what is the real challenge, right?
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:57
'Cause you probably know this but you forget it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
So we use, he, she or it plus the verb plus S,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€heใ€she ใพใŸใฏ it ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใจ S ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
06:04
or sometimes ES when you're spelling it.
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ใ‹ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใใจใใซ ES ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
But the S sound,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€S ใฎ้Ÿณ
06:09
the negative doesn't plus the verb, no, S, right?
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ใ€ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใซใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€S ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
06:14
So he wants to talk,
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ๅฝผใฏ่ฉฑใ—
06:18
but Jane doesn't want to listen, right?
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ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏ่žใใŸใŒใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:22
Notice the S disappears in the negative.
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S ใŒใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงๆถˆใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:25
So that's the form how we make it.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:28
We've said we can use it for states, right?
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็Šถๆ…‹ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:30
I live, so the kind of questions clearly at the beginning
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็งใฏไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€IELTS ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใซใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ณชๅ•
06:35
of IELTS speaking,
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ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ
06:36
the typical questions like where do you live?
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ใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใชใฉใฎๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:41
What do you do?
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่ทๆฅญใฏใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:42
What do you study, right?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:44
These are typical questions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:46
And of course you can use the present simple,
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06:48
I live in Santander,
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆ
06:50
I work from home, I'm a teacher,
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ใ€่‡ชๅฎ…ใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใ‚’ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
06:53
I teach people English.
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ไบบใ€…ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:56
What do you study?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:57
Well, actually, I study,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€
06:59
if I'm at university, I study geography
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ๅคงๅญฆใซใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅœฐ็†
07:03
or I study English, right?
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ใ‹่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:06
These are states,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ใง
07:07
and we can use the present simple tense,
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถ
07:10
we can use, right?
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
07:13
That doesn't mean you must use, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:16
Remember we talked about creating meaning,
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅ‰ต้€ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:19
so when I use the present simple, I study English,
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็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ ใ€็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผท
07:23
it gives a sense of a permanent state,
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใช็Šถๆ…‹ใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ€
07:26
we're creating that meaning.
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ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅ‰ต้€ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝข
07:28
What else can we use the present simple for?
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ใ‚’ไป–ใซไฝ•ใซไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ‹?
07:32
Well, we use it for routines, right?
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:35
For example, I go to work by bus.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏใƒใ‚นใงไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:40
It's not true, actually, 'cause I don't go to work,
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ๅฎŸ้š› ใ€็งใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
07:42
but I walk around the park most mornings, that is true.
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ใŒใ€็ง ใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๆœใ€ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใ‚’ๆญฉใๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
07:48
I usually drink tea when I get up, I don't drink
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็งใฏ้€šๅธธ ใ€่ตทใใŸใ‚‰ใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใŒใ€
07:52
coffee, partly true.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฏ้ฃฒใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:55
(air whooshing)
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๏ผˆ็ฉบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณ๏ผ‰
07:56
But you can see the routines that I have, right?
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ใงใ‚‚ ใ€็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:59
I get up in the morning,
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็งใฏๆœ่ตทใใฆ
08:01
I brush my teeth, blah, blah, blah!
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ใ€ๆญฏใ‚’็ฃจใใพใ™ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹๏ผ
08:03
So the kind of question you may use
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใฎ็จฎ้กžใฏ
08:05
this could be, do you take public transport?
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ใ€ ๅ…ฌๅ…ฑไบค้€šๆฉŸ้–ขใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
08:10
Yes, I go to work by bus.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใƒใ‚นใงไผš็คพใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:12
What do you do in the mornings?
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ๆœใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:13
I get up, I go for a walk in the morning,
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็งใฏ่ตทใใฆใ€ๆœๆ•ฃๆญฉใซ่กŒใ
08:16
I drink coffee, what do you like to drink?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ‹?
08:20
Well, I drink coffee in the mornings,
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใฏๆœใซใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผ
08:22
or I drink tea in the mornings,
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ใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚€ใ‹ใ€ๆœใซใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
08:24
because I don't like coffee,
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็งใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€
08:28
all in the present simple,
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ใ™ในใฆ็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฝข
08:30
so we can use it, the present symbol for routines as well.
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ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใฎ็พๅœจใฎ ใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:35
Now, similarly, but a little bit different,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ— ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
08:38
we use the present simple for habits that we have, right?
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็ง ใŸใกใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
08:42
So for me, I do cook,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™
08:45
I cook now and again, but actually in my house
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ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใฎๅฎถใง
08:49
my wife usually cooks at home, right?
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ใฏๅฆปใŒๅฎถใงๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:54
Other habits I have, I read the newspaper in the morning,
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ใใฎไป–ใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃ ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๆœๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€
08:58
I drink tea or I drink coffee.
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ใŠ่Œถใ‚„ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
I think I drink too much coffee actually.
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็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:03
It's a bit of a bad habit.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๆ‚ชใ„็™–ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:06
So for habits, we can also use present simple.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:10
So coming back to the questions
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่ณชๅ•ใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใจใ€
09:12
you may have similar questions, right?
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ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:15
Do you cook?
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ๆ–™็†ใฏใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:16
Yes, I cook at the weekends,
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ใฏใ„ใ€็งใฏ้€ฑๆœซใซๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ™‚ใ€…ๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—
09:18
I cook now and again, but my wife
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€
09:21
usually does most of the cooking,
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้€šๅธธใฏๅฆปใŒๆ–™็†ใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
present simple, right?
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็พๅœจใฏใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
09:26
What do you do in the mornings?
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ๆœใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:27
What are your habits?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:28
Well, I go for a walk,
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏๆ•ฃๆญฉใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€
09:31
I have a cup of coffee, I have breakfast,
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็งใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ€็งใฏๆœ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€
09:34
all in the present simple.
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ใ™ในใฆ็พๅœจใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
09:37
Okay, so it's similar to routine,
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ใƒซใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
09:40
but also we can talk about negative habits, right?
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ›ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:43
I think I drink too much coffee.
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็งใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟ้ŽใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:45
I don't do enough exercise,
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็งใฏๅๅˆ†ใช้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ€
09:48
or maybe, or I smoke too much.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ„ใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:51
I don't, by the way!
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€็งใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
09:53
And finally, the present simple is really good for stories,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝข ใฏ
09:58
telling a story,
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็‰ฉ่ชžใ€
10:00
maybe a film that you've watched
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใ่ฆ‹ใŸๆ˜ ็”ป
10:02
or a book that you've read,
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ใ‚„่ชญใ‚“ใ ๆœฌใชใฉใ€
10:04
any kind of a story.
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ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ใฎใซ้žๅธธใซ้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:06
For example, you may get questions
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
10:09
like, tell me about a film that you liked,
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ๅฅฝใใชๆ˜ ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
10:12
or describe a book you read recently.
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ใพใŸใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘่ชญใ‚“ใ ๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:16
This could be in the present simple,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
10:18
we often use it for example.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:22
So in this film, right?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใงใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:23
This girl travels across America,
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ใ“ใฎๅฐ‘ๅฅณใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไธญ
10:26
and in the end she finds her family.
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ใ‚’ๆ—…ใ—ใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:30
We can use the presence simple,
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ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
10:32
it makes the story feel very alive
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ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใŒใจใฆใ‚‚็”Ÿใ็”Ÿใ
10:35
and here, and it's very powerful.
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ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใƒ‘ใƒฏใƒ•ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
10:37
And so it's a really nice way to create a vivid
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ ้ฎฎใ‚„ใ‹
10:41
and kind of present feeling towards the story.
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ใงใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎ็พๅœจใฎ ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใฎใซใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™.
10:45
Great, so that is the present simple tense,
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ ็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
10:49
different ways that we can use it.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:53
Let's move on!
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
10:59
Now, number two is the present continuous tense, right?
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ใ•ใฆใ€2็•ชใฏ็พๅœจ ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:05
Now, by the way, do you like my new lamp?
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€็งใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฉใƒณใƒ—ใฏๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
11:11
This one, it's lovely, right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ€็ด ๆ•ตใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
11:13
Actually my wife put it there.
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ๅฎŸใฏๅฅฅๆง˜ใŒๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:16
I think sometimes it's nice to have the female touch,
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11:20
just to make things a little bit more 'alegre' (Spanish).
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใ‚ฐใƒฌใ€๏ผˆใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณ่ชž๏ผ‰ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฅณๆ€งใฎใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒใŒใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:25
What's that, happy, yes!
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ใชใซใใ‚Œใ€ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ„๏ผ
11:27
(laughs)
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(็ฌ‘)
11:28
Lovely touch, so thank you for that!
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็ด ๆ•ตใชๆ‰‹่งฆใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™๏ผ
11:31
Now, present continuous!
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ใงใฏใ€็พๅœจ้€ฃ็ถš๏ผ
11:34
For example, right?
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:36
I'm living in Santander.
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:38
(air whooshing)
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11:38
Hang on, Keith, you just said I live in Santander, right?
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๏ผˆ็ฉบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณ๏ผ‰ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃ
ใฆใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใ€ ็งใŒใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
11:43
So I am living in Santander,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ€
11:46
present continuous, is also a state
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚‚็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ™
11:50
but it's a temporary state.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใช็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ™.
11:52
I'm creating meaning or a feeling of being temporary.
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็ง ใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚„ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:57
What is temporary?
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ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใจใฏ๏ผŸ
11:59
Part-time, for a short time, not forever.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใ€็ŸญๆœŸ้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฐธ้ ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:03
No, for a short time, not permanent.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใงใฏใชใใ€็ŸญๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:07
(air whooshing)
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(็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณ)
12:09
So it's a temporary state.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใช็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:10
So I'm living in Santander,
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„
12:12
sounds like I'm here for a while, but I may move
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒ ใ€
12:18
on to another place later, right?
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ๅพŒใงๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
12:21
Whereas I live in Santander,
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„
12:23
sounds like this is my home from now until the day I die,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๆญปใฌใพใงใ“ใ“ใŒ็งใฎๅฎถใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆ ใพใ™ใŒใ€
12:28
it's very permanent.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใงใ™.
12:30
Can you see the difference?
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้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:32
So for example, if I said to my family in England,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎๅฎถๆ—ใซ
12:35
well, I live in Santander,
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ใ€ใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
12:37
they might not be happy,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆบ€่ถณ
12:39
'cause it sounds like I'm gonna stay here.
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ใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:42
But if I say I'm living in Santander,
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใŒใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
12:45
they may think, oh, that's good 'cause it's temporary,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ 
12:49
and you will be coming back to England,
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†
12:52
making them happy,
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12:54
or maybe not.
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
12:55
(laughs)
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12:55
Yes, I'm sure it would.
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(็ฌ‘)
ใฏใ„ใ€ใใฃใจใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:57
But, so can you see the difference, right?
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:00
Both are correct, but there's just a difference
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒ
13:02
of meaning creating a different meaning, okay?
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ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ้•ใ„ใŒๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:06
For example, temporarily I'm living in London,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ ใซใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใง
13:10
I'm staying with my brother for a few weeks, right?
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ใ„ใฆใ€ๅผŸใฎๅฎถใซๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ๆปžๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:14
For a short time.
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็Ÿญใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใซใ€‚
13:15
Whether it's a week, a month or a year it doesn't matter,
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1้€ฑ้–“ใงใ‚‚1ใƒถๆœˆใง ใ‚‚1ๅนดใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ‚ใชใ„
13:19
it's the idea of a short time.
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ใ€็Ÿญใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
13:22
Another example, right?
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:23
I'm working from home.
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็งใฏ่‡ชๅฎ…ใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:26
Now, I guess, people who normally work in an office,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ๆ™ฎๆฎตใฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
13:31
but during COVID-19 might say,
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ใฎใซใ€COVID-19 ใฎ
13:34
well, this month I'm working from home.
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ๅฝฑ้ŸฟใงไปŠๆœˆใฏๅœจๅฎ…ๅ‹คๅ‹™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:38
But I would say I work from home, why?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏ่‡ชๅฎ…ใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใชใœใงใ™ใ‹?
13:43
That's right because for me it's my job,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏ
13:46
I permanently work here, I work from home, right?
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐธไน… ใซๅƒใใ€่‡ชๅฎ…ใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
13:51
It's a permanent state, I always work from home.
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ๆ’ไน…็š„ใช็Šถๆ…‹ ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่‡ชๅฎ…ใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:54
But somebody who does it temporary might say,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ไบบใฏใ€
13:57
well, I'm working from home for the month of August.
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ใพใ‚ใ€็งใฏ 8 ๆœˆใฎ้–“ๅœจๅฎ…ๅ‹คๅ‹™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
14:01
Okay, that's the difference.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:03
Now, when it comes to study,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ
14:04
we may say my brother is studying law at university,
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่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅ…„ใŒ ๅคงๅญฆใงๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
14:08
or my brother studies law at university,
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ใจใ‹ใ€ๅ…„ใŒๅคงๅญฆใงๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—
14:11
they're both correct but one is slightly a feeling
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‹ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ ใ‹ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—
14:15
of more permanent and one is less permanent, right?
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ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–น ใฏๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:18
So for example, how can you create meaning?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œ ใฐๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
14:21
If I go to a job interview,
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ๅฐฑ่ทใฎ้ขๆŽฅใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€้ขๆŽฅๅฎ˜ใซใ€
14:24
and I want to make the interviewer,
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14:28
feel I want to work there, I want to go there, right?
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ใใ“ใงๅƒใใŸใ„ใ€่กŒใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ›ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:32
I might say, well, I'm studying law at university,
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็งใฏๅคงๅญฆใงๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
14:37
'cause it sounds temporary for a short time,
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ“ใจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹
14:40
and that I'm really keen to come, to stop studying
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14:44
and come to work for you.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:46
So we can create this nice meaning, right?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎ็ด ๆ•ตใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
14:49
With the present continuous.
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ€‚
14:51
Let's have a look at the form.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:53
So we will use the subject plus BE plus the verb with ING.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธป่ชž ใจ BE ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ ING ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:58
So I am watching TV now.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏไปŠใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:02
Of course, I'm not, I'm talking to you now.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ็งใฏไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:05
You are listening to me, right?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:08
She is living in London right now, okay?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:13
That's the format!
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ใใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™๏ผ
15:14
With the negative we use the subject plus BE plus
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ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใฏ ใ€ไธป่ชžใจ BE ใจ
15:18
not and the verb ING, right?
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not ใจๅ‹•่ฉž ING ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:21
I am not listening to you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:25
I'm not listening to you anymore!
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็งใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ๏ผ
15:28
You are not talking to me anymore.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚‚ใ†็งใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:33
And worth noting, when we speak
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ๆณจ็›ฎใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€็ง
15:35
we usually make the contraction.
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ใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™.
15:37
So I am listening, I'm listening,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏ่žใ„ใฆใ„
15:40
your listening, she's listening, okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:44
That contraction is very common in spoken English.
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ใ“ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฏ ใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:48
I'm not listening, you're not listening,
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็งใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€
15:52
or you aren't listening.
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
15:55
She's not listening or she isn't listening,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่žใ„ใฆ ใ„ใชใ„ใ€
16:00
that's in the negative.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:02
Good, so the kind of questions we may use
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
16:04
this, again, at the beginning of IELTS, right?
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ใ‚‚ IELTS ใฎๅง‹ใ‚ใซไฝฟใ†่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
16:07
Where do you live?
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16:07
What do you do?
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ใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
่ทๆฅญใฏใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:08
What do you study?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:10
Depending on the meaning you want to create,
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ไฝœๆˆใ—
16:12
you could say, well, I'm living in Santander,
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ใŸใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใง
16:16
I'm working as a teacher,
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ใ„ใฆใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:18
and I'm, or I'm studying,
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็งใฏใ€ใพใŸใฏ
16:22
I'm studying photography in my spare time,
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆš‡ใชใจใใซๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€
16:26
and the feeling of it being temporary, okay?
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œ ใŒไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
16:30
In daily conversation, we would emphasise the now, right?
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ๆ—ฅๅธธไผš่ฉฑใงใฏ ไปŠใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
16:34
Imagine you meet up with an old friend,
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ๆ—งๅ‹ใซไผšใฃใฆใ€
16:36
and they say, well, what are you doing now?
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ไปŠไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
16:38
What are you doing these days or recently?
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:41
Well, I'm married, I'm living in Santander,
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็งใฏ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆ ใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใง
16:44
I'm working as a teacher online,
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ใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆๅƒใ„
16:46
I'm doing this, I'm doing that, right?
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:48
We can use the present continuous tense.
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็พๅœจใฎ็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:51
The present continuous is used a lot for new habits.
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
16:56
So remember the present simple we use for habits, right?
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ใงใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
16:59
But if they're new habits,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
17:01
so again, temporary at the moment,
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ใ€็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข
17:04
we would use the present continuous, right?
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
17:08
For example, I'm now really into plants.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏไปŠใ€ๆค็‰ฉใซใฏใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:11
So I'm growing some plants at home now.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ไปŠใ€ๅฎถใงๆค็‰ฉใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:14
I'm growing some basil and some flowers.
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒซใจ่Šฑใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:18
Also during COVID-19, right?
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ใพใŸใ€COVID-19ใฎๆœŸ้–“ไธญใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
17:21
We had the confinement,
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็›ฃ็ฆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸ
17:24
and so I'm not getting out so much, I'm eating
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ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅค–ใซๅ‡บใชใใชใฃใฆใ€
17:27
too much these days, bad habit.
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘้ฃŸใน้ŽใŽใ€ๆ‚ชใ„็™–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:31
I'm not doing enough sport, bad habit.
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็งใฏๅๅˆ†ใชใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๆ‚ชใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ™ใ€‚
17:34
So these are new habits, present continuous.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃ ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:38
So you can imagine for the kind of questions
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17:41
like, do you know much about plants?
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ๆค็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:45
Of course, you can say, yes, I do!
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™๏ผ
17:48
But you could also talk about the new habit.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
17:51
I'm planting some flowers in my garden right now,
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ไปŠใ€ๅบญใซ่Šฑใ‚’ๆคใˆ
17:54
or I'm growing some herbs on my balcony.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใƒ™ใƒฉใƒณใƒ€ใงใƒใƒผใƒ–ใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:59
What about the question,
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่ณชๅ•ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€
18:00
do you eat healthy food?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฅๅบท็š„ใช้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ‹?
18:03
Well, I usually do, but nowadays I'm eating
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ใพใใ€ๆ™ฎๆฎตใฏใใ†ใช ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏๅค–ๅ‡บ่‡ช็ฒ›ใฎ
18:07
too much fast food,
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18:09
because of the confinement, right?
361
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ใ›ใ„ใงใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚นใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰้ฃŸใน้ŽใŽใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
18:14
Or what about, do you lead a healthy lifestyle?
362
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ใพใŸใฏ ใ€ๅฅๅบท็š„ใชใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:17
Well, I like to walk in the morning,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€็งใฏๆœๆญฉใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ€
18:20
I usually go for a walk in the morning,
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ใŸใ„ใฆใ„ใฏๆœๆ•ฃๆญฉใซ่กŒใใพใ™
18:22
but these days,
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ใŒใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘
18:24
due to the lockdown,
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ใฏใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ€
18:26
I not doing as much sport as I would like.
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ๆ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:30
In fact, I'm not doing any sport at all these days.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใฏ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใพใฃใŸใใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:34
I'm not doing, see, present continuous.
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็งใฏใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใปใ‚‰ใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
18:38
Good, and there's a curious use of the present continuous,
370
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ ็”จๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:42
which is about annoying habits,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ฟทๆƒ‘ใช
18:45
irritating habits, right?
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็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
18:47
Habits you don't like that other people have, right?
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ไป–ใฎไบบใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅซŒใ„โ€‹โ€‹ใช็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
18:52
For example, let's imagine your boss,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไธŠๅธใŒ
18:55
and he's always making you work late, right?
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้…ใใพใงๅƒใ‹ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
18:59
We often use it with always,
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็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’
19:01
he's always doing that.
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
19:04
It means I'm creating the feeling, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:08
That this is a habit and I don't like it.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:10
My boss is always making me work late, right?
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ไธŠๅธใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ็งใ‚’้…ใใพใงๅƒใ‹ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:15
He's always giving me too much work.
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ๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็งใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
19:17
He's always talking to me when I'm trying
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็งใŒ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ๆˆใ—้‚ใ’ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็งใซ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™
19:20
to get things done.
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ใ€‚
19:21
(air whooshing)
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๏ผˆ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณ๏ผ‰
19:23
My wife is always telling me to do more exercise, right?
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ๅฆปใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚็ง ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:28
That her telling me is the annoying habit, right?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็งใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎ ใฏ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใช็™–ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:31
She's always nagging,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ—ใคใ“ใใ€
19:33
she's always going on about doing more exercise,
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ— ใฆใ„
19:38
or maybe, right?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:39
You've got a newly born baby.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:42
Well, recently my baby is not sleeping,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใŒๅฏใฆใ„ใชใ„
19:45
so I have to stay up.
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ใฎใง่ตทใใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:48
My baby is not sleeping,
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ๆˆ‘ใŒๅญใŒๅฏ
19:50
so it's a habit of the baby,
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ใชใ„ใฎใฏ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฎ็™–ใงใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“
19:52
it's a bit annoying
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ใซใจใฃใฆใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้ขๅ€’ใใ•ใ„ใฎ
19:53
with all respect to babies around the world,
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19:56
but when you're trying to sleep, right?
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:57
My baby is not sleeping,
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็งใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฏๅฏใฆใ„
19:59
I need to stay up and look after him or her.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
20:04
So we can use it for this new, for new habits
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃ
20:06
or annoying habits.
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ใพใŸใฏ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใช็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:07
But that theme of being temporary
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใฏ
20:10
is the key thing for the present continuous tense.
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ใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎ้ตใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:13
Great, guys, I hate to do this but I'm running out of time,
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ ใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:19
and this is not gonna get finished this week,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏไปŠ้€ฑใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„
20:22
so I'm going to stop here and split this video into two,
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ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’
20:27
part one and part two.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 1 ใจใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใฎ 2 ใคใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:29
This is part one, right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ1ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
20:30
We've looked at the present simple
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”
20:32
and present continuous tense,
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ๆ™‚ๅˆถใจ็พๅœจ็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€
20:35
and how they can compare.
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ใŠใ‚ˆใณใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฏ”่ผƒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:38
I'm gonna stop here and next time in part two,
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ใ“ใ“ใจ ๆฌกๅ›žใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใงๅœๆญข
20:41
look at the present perfect and present perfect continuous,
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ใ—ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข ใจ็พๅœจ
20:45
and how all four tenses are connected.
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ๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ 4 ใคใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ™ในใฆใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:50
But for now I'm afraid I'm leaving you with a cliffhanger.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒ•ใƒใƒณใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๅฟƒ้…ใ— ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
20:54
(air whooshing)
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(็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒƒใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณ)
20:55
(laughs)
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(็ฌ‘)
20:57
What's gonna happen?
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ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
20:59
Okay, listen, I hope this helps you so far.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใจใ“ใ‚ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:02
Look out for part two next week.
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ๆฅ้€ฑใฎ็ฌฌ2้ƒจใ‚‚ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ€‚
21:05
Thank you very much for watching.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:07
Please do like this, subscribe, turn on notifications.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ€่ณผ่ชญใ—ใ€ ้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:12
Look out for that part two video.
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ใใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:14
Take care everybody, bye, bye!
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ใฟใ‚“ใชๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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