Tips for using PAST Tenses in IELTS Speaking | Keith's Grammar Guides

246,803 views ใƒป 2020-09-20

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- Hurray, I did it or I was doing it.
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- ใƒใƒฌใƒผใ€็งใฏใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‹ใ€ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:05
Which one?
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ใฉใ‚Œ๏ผŸ
00:06
Past simple or past continuous?
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‹้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‹๏ผŸ
00:09
Well, in this video, I'm gonna show you
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€IELTS ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใง
00:12
how to you use both the past simple
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ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใจ้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™
00:15
and the past continuous in IELTS speaking.
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ใ€‚
00:19
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
00:20
Let's do it.
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:22
(upbeat music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
00:33
Hi guys, it's Keith from the Keith Speaking Academy.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ ใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใƒปใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใƒปใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใฎใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:36
Now listen, recently I did a video
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€4 ใคใฎ็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
00:39
about the four present tenses.
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ใ€‚
00:41
We looked at present simple, present continuous,
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็พๅœจ ๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ€็พๅœจ
00:44
present perfect tenses.
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้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:46
And if you haven't seen it
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ใพใ ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
00:48
go up here and watch those videos.
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:51
Today though, we're going all the way back.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ ใฏใšใฃใจๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:54
Doo, doo, doo, doo, doo, into the past.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใ€้ŽๅŽปใธใ€‚
00:58
Past simple or simple past and past continuous.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใพใŸใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช ้ŽๅŽปใจ้ŽๅŽปใฎ้€ฃ็ถšใ€‚
01:03
What's the difference?
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้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:04
How do we use them in IELTS speaking?
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IELTSใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
01:06
Well, stick with me and I'm gonna show you how we do it.
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ใพใ‚ใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚็งใŸใกใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:10
Just to remind you,
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01:11
if you haven't joined the Facebook group yet,
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ใพใ  Facebook ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
01:14
Keith's IELTS Mastermind Community for IELTS speaking,
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Keith's IELTS Mastermind Community for
01:18
follow the link below, come and join us.
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IELTS Speaking ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:20
Lots of activity happening.
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ๅคšใใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
Interesting, sharing loads of ideas and motivation to boot.
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใจ่ตทๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•ๆฉŸใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:29
So, let's go back to the past.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:37
So, when it comes to the past, there are,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐ
01:40
with the past simple, right,
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ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใฏใ€
01:42
there are four things we can look at.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹4ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
We're going to look at states in the past,
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้ŽๅŽปใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใ€
01:47
completed actions, past habits
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ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃ
01:51
and also imaginary things in the present or the future.
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ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็พๅœจใพใŸใฏๆœชๆฅใฎๆƒณๅƒไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:59
So, first of all, let's look at the first one here.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใพใšใฏ ใ“ใ“ใง1ๆžš็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:02
States in the past.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎๅทžใ€‚
02:08
And this is also kind of continuous activities
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽป ใฎ็ถ™็ถš็š„ใชๆดปๅ‹•
02:12
or actions in the past.
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ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:13
So we're talking about live, living.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:17
I live in Spain, but I lived in England, is a state.
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็งใฏใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใฎใฏๅทžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
It was a state in the past or a continuous action,
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ ใพใŸใฏ็ถ™็ถš็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•
02:27
for example, I went to university at Sheffield.
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ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใฎๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:32
I went to university for three years.
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็งใฏๅคงๅญฆใซ3ๅนด้–“้€šใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:34
So that went is not, I went to the university once
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่กŒใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใ€ ไธ€ๅบฆๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰
02:39
and then came home.
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ๅธฐใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:40
No, I went there every day for three years.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€3ๅนด้–“ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ้€šใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:43
It was a continuous action, similar to a state.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ใซไผผใŸ็ถ™็ถš็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:48
I went to university
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็งใฏใƒžใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใ‚ขใง3ๅนด้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใŸๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸ
02:49
I worked in Malaysia for three years.
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ใ€‚
02:52
Same idea.
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ๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:53
It was a continuous action going to work
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธ€ๅฎšๆœŸ้–“ใซใ‚ใŸใฃใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹็ถ™็ถš็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
02:56
over a period of time.
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ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:59
So we use the past for these typical states, right.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใช็Šถๆ…‹ใซใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:03
So let's have a quick look at the form here
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽป ๅฝขใฎใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅฝขใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:06
of the past simple.
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ใ€‚
03:07
We have the subject plus the verb with ED, if it's regular.
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้€šๅธธใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใจ ED ไป˜ใใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:15
So for example, I lived in Manchester when I was young.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
03:18
I lived, ED, I lived in Manchester.
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็งใฏใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:23
If it's irregular, of course we have the subject
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ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไธป่ชž
03:25
plus the irregular verb.
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ใจไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
And there is a list you can get of all the irregular verbs.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:32
So for example, to go, went.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่กŒใใ€่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
03:34
I went to school in Oldham.
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็งใฏใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใƒ€ใƒ ใฎๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:37
It's true.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:39
So that's the positive, looking at the negative,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ฒ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
03:42
we just take the subject plus did not plus the verb, right,
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ใจใ€ไธป่ชžใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซๅŠ ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
03:48
if it's regular.
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ใ€‚
03:50
The did not, we often contract, especially when speaking,
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did not ใฏใ€ ็‰นใซ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚ˆใ็ธฎ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€diddใ€diddใ€didd
03:54
so it becomes didn't, didn't, didn't, didn't.
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ใ€did ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:00
I didn't live in London when I was a child.
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็งใฏๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:05
I didn't live.
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็งใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:08
Often when we have the verb after didn't,
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did't ใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
04:12
the t is softer.
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ใ€t ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:14
I didn't live, rather than saying I didn't live,
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็งใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚็งใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
04:19
which is a bit difficult, we kind of soften the t.
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ใ€‚
04:22
We almost drop the t.
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็งใŸใกใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉtใ‚’่ฝใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
I didn't live, I didn't live.
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็งใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:29
Okay, so it's not plosive.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€็ ด่ฃ‚้Ÿณใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใฏ
04:30
I didn't live in London when I was a child,
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ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
04:34
I lived in Manchester.
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ใ€‚ใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:37
And of course it's the same, even for the irregular verbs.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ ใ€ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:42
So for example, go, went.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่กŒใใ€่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
04:44
I didn't go to school in London.
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ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฎๅญฆๆ กใซใฏ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:48
Same idea, the t is not, it's dropped
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ๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚t ใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใƒ‰ใƒญใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ‚Œใฆ
04:52
but it's kind of not plosive.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็ ด่ฃ‚้Ÿณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:54
So it's not t, it's I didn't go, I didn't go.
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใฆใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:00
So you can't hear the /t/ right.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€/t/ ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:02
I didn't go to school in London.
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ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฎๅญฆๆ กใซใฏ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:05
I went to school in Manchester.
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็งใฏใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:10
Okay.
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05:10
What about you?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:11
Where did you go to school?
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ๅญฆๆ กใฏใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
05:16
Right, and where did you live as a child?
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใฏใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:21
Excellent, good.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
05:23
Now let's have a look at the question.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:25
So the basic questions, the yes, no questions,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช่ณชๅ• ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏ
05:27
it's 'did' plus the subject. I, you, me, we, he, she, they
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ใ€ใ€Œdidใ€ใจไปถๅใงใ™ใ€‚ Iใ€youใ€meใ€weใ€heใ€sheใ€they
05:33
plus the verb, whether it's regular or irregular.
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ใซใ€่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใ‹ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‹ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:39
So did you live, not did you lived,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€
05:43
no, did you live in London when you were a child?
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
05:49
Did you go to school in England?
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
05:53
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:54
Did plus the subject plus the verb in the infinitive.
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ไธๅฎš่ฉžใฎ Did ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นไธป่ชžใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
05:59
Did you go, did you live?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใโ€‹โ€‹ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
06:01
If we're looking at the 'W' questions though, which, way,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€ŒWใ€ใฎ ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ€ใฉใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ€
06:06
which, way, no.
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ใฉใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
06:08
Which, why, where, when, who, how, although it's a h,
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ใฉใ‚Œใ€ใชใœใ€ใฉใ“ใงใ€ใ„ใคใ€ ่ชฐใŒใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€h ใงใ™ใŒใ€
06:13
it's still known as a 'W' question.
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ใ€ŒWใ€ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:16
Then it's the question word like where did plus the subject
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ๆฌกใซใ€ where did ใจไธป่ชž
06:20
plus the verb.
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ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:21
Where did you go?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ๅ‡ฆใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
06:23
What did you do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
06:25
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:26
Be careful, it's not, what did you did?
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
06:28
No, not where did you went?
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:31
No, no, no, no.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
06:32
Where did you plus the verb.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ“ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹.
06:36
Where did you go?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ๅ‡ฆใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
06:37
What did you do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
06:39
Okay, great.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:40
So that's the format.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:42
Let's get into, very briefly pronunciation, right.
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้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ ็™บ้Ÿณใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:47
Now, this is important because when you're writing,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
06:49
it's easy, right.
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ใญใ€‚
06:51
The simple past verb, regular verbs, you add ED right or D.
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ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขๅ‹•่ฉžใ€่ฆๅ‰‡ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅณEDใ‹Dใ‚’ใคใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:58
However, pronunciation of that ED has three different ways.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎ EDใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฏ3้€šใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
It can be d, t or id.
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dใ€tใ€ใพใŸใฏ id ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
So for example, lived, I lived in Manchester.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ็งใฏใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:13
I lived in Manchester, okay.
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็งใฏใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:16
So when the end of the verb, the consonant is voiced,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใฎๅญ้ŸณใŒ็™บๅฃฐใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ
07:21
then the d is used.
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ใฏใ€d ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
And it's very, very soft.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:24
I lived in Manchester.
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1953
็งใฏใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:27
However, when the last consonant of the verb
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ ๅญ้Ÿณ
07:30
is unvoiced, like work, work, you can touch your throat,
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ใŒ็„กๅฃฐใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ๅ–‰ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
07:37
it's not voiced, work.
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ใ€‚ๆœ‰ๅฃฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:39
Then it's a t sound.
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ใใ—ใŸใ‚‰tใฎ้Ÿณใ€‚
07:41
I worked, I worked in Malaysia.
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็งใฏๅƒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใƒžใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใ‚ขใงๅƒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:45
I worked in Malaysia.
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ใƒžใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใ‚ขใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:47
Can you say that?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:48
I worked.
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1737
็งใฏๅƒใ„ใŸใ€‚
07:50
I worked in pa, pa, pa, pa.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใ€ใƒ‘ใ€ใƒ‘ใ€ใƒ‘ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:53
I worked in Malaysia.
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ใƒžใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใ‚ขใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:55
And you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚๏ผŸ
07:58
I lived in Manchester.
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็งใฏใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:01
And you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚๏ผŸ
08:04
As a child, right.
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ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
08:05
We're talking in the past.
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485890
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็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
08:07
And the last one is, if the verb ends in the d sound
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ d ้Ÿณ
08:12
or a t sound, then for example, study, I studied,
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ใพใŸใฏ t ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€
08:18
I studied hard.
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ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:20
Attend, attended.
153
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ๅ‡บๅธญใ€ๅ‡บๅธญใ€‚
08:23
Okay, I studied in England.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซ็•™ๅญฆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:25
Did I study hard?
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็งใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:26
Yeah, I studied quite hard.
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ใˆใˆใ€็งใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:29
So remember three different sounds
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
08:32
for the simple past regular verbs.
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ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎ้€šๅธธใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:35
Let's look more at the use.
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ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:38
Right, so as we mentioned, we can use the past
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏ
08:41
when talking about states, about living, working, studying.
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ๅ›ฝๅฎถใ€ ็”Ÿๆดปใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
08:46
So for example, if you're talking about childhood, right,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅญไพ›ๆ™‚ไปฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
08:50
or talking about study at university or past jobs,
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ใพใŸใฏ ๅคงๅญฆใงใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚„้ŽๅŽปใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
08:54
all of these, we can use the simple best.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒ™ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:57
Talking about childhood.
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ๅนผๅฐ‘ๆœŸใฎ่ฉฑใ€‚
08:59
Tell me about your childhood.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅญไพ›ๆ™‚ไปฃใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:02
Come and lie down on the couch.
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ๆฅใฆใ€ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใซๆจชใซใชใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:04
Tell me about your childhood, okay.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅญไพ›ๆ™‚ไปฃใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:07
I lived, well, I might say,
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็งใฏ
09:09
I lived in Manchester as a kid.
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ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใƒžใƒณใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:12
I went to a nice school, actually.
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ๅฎŸใฏใ„ใ„ๅญฆๆ กใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:15
So I'd say, all in all, I had quite a happy childhood.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆใ€็ง ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนธใ›ใชๅญไพ›ๆ™‚ไปฃใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
09:21
Lived, went, had, just using the simple past.
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็”ŸใใŸใ€่กŒใฃใŸใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€‚
09:26
What about university?
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ๅคงๅญฆใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:28
Tell me about your university years.
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ๅคงๅญฆๆ™‚ไปฃใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:31
I went to uni in Sheffield where I studied French.
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็งใฏใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใฎๅคงๅญฆใซ้€šใ„ใ€ ใใ“ใงใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:36
I lived in student digs for the first year
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 1 ๅนด้–“ใฏๅญฆ็”Ÿๅฏฎใซไฝใฟ
09:38
and then after that, I rented a flat.
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ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ‚ขใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:43
Went, studied, lived, rented.
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่กŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ€ไฝใ‚“ใงใ€ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:47
So we're using simple past.
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ใชใฎใงๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:49
Tell me about your university studies.
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ๅคงๅญฆใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:52
What about jobs?
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ไป•ไบ‹ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:53
Tell me about a past job you had.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:56
Hmm, well, I worked as a waiter when I left uni.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ๅคงๅญฆใ‚’ๅ‡บใŸใจใใฏใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใจใ—ใฆๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
10:01
Believe it or not.
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใจไฟกใ˜ใพใ„ใจใ€‚
10:03
And then I went on to get a job in a bank.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้Š€่กŒใซๅฐฑ่ทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:06
Ooh, it was ever so boring.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:10
Worked, went, was, simple past, talking about past jobs.
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ๅƒใ„ใŸใ€่กŒใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช ้ŽๅŽปใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ€‚
10:15
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:16
So these are all states, let's move on.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:24
So the second use of the simple past
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใฏใ€
10:27
is for completed actions in finished time.
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็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚้–“ๅ†…ใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
10:32
So finish time is a time that's finished in the past.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚้–“ใฏ ้ŽๅŽปใซ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:35
For example, yesterday, last night,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๆ˜จๅคœใ€
10:38
two days ago, at five o'clock, yesterday.
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2 ๆ—ฅๅ‰ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎ 5 ๆ™‚ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
10:41
All of these are finished time periods.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:45
And the action you did there, would be the simple best.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ“ใงใ—ใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ ใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใƒ™ใ‚นใƒˆใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:48
For example, I watched television after dinner last night.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ ๆ˜จๅคœใฎๅค•้ฃŸๅพŒใซใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:53
It's true actually.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:55
After dinner, I sat down and I watched television.
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ๅค•้ฃŸๅพŒใ€็งใฏๅบงใฃ ใฆใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:59
It was really good.
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10:59
There was a great program about aah,
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็•ช็ต„ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œใใพใ™ใŒใ€
11:03
so I won't go on, but simple past, right.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
11:07
Now we can use this really effectively
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้ ˜ๅŸŸใง้žๅธธใซๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
11:10
in two different areas.
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ใ€‚
11:11
The first one is something called the pattern of three.
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1 ใค็›ฎใฏ ใ€3 ใคใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:16
And the pattern of three is very, very common in English,
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ใใ—ใฆ 3 ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฏ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่‡ช็„ถใชไผš่ฉฑใง้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
11:19
in natural spoken conversation.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:22
We give three actions in the past one after the other.
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้ŽๅŽปใซ3ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆฌกใ€…ใจไธŽใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:27
And often we drop the subject,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
11:31
we, at like in the second and the third.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใจ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐไธป้กŒใ‚’่„ฑ่ฝใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:34
So for example, I got up, went to the bar
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ่ตทใใฆใƒใƒผใซ่กŒใ
11:37
and ordered a drink.
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ใ€้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:39
So the I disappears after the first one,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ I ใฎๅพŒใซ I ใŒๆถˆใˆ
11:43
it's an ellipsis, right.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œ็•ฅ่จ˜ๅทใงใ™ใ€‚
11:44
I got up, went to the bar and ordered a drink.
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็งใฏ่ตทใใฆใƒใƒผใซ่กŒใ ใ€้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:48
And it just has a very natural rhythm.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ่‡ช็„ถใชใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:50
And it's hugely common.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:52
And it's a really good way of telling stories,
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11:56
especially IELTS speaking part two
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็‰นใซ IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ
11:58
to have this idea of, I did this, I did that and did that.
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2 ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:03
I woke up, got dressed and went to work.
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็งใฏ่ตทใใฆใ€ๆœใ‚’็€ใฆใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:06
It's really effective pattern of three.
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ๅฎŸใซๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใช3ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
12:10
Here's an example, right.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใฎ่ณชๅ•
12:11
Let's say there's a part two question about,
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
12:13
talk about a photo you took.
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ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ’ฎใฃใŸๅ†™็œŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:16
Okay so, I was on Mount Blanc,
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใƒžใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใƒปใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใซใ„ใพใ—
12:20
the view was out of this world.
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ใŸใ€‚ๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใฏใ“ใฎไธ–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:23
So I took out my camera, took a selfie of me on the mountain
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ— ใ€ๅฑฑใงใ‚ปใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ๆ’ฎใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ 
12:28
and shared it with my friends on Instagram.
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ใงๅ‹้”ใจใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚ขใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
12:32
You get it?
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12:32
Here, I took out my camera, took a selfie and shared it.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็งใฏใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใ€ใ‚ปใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:38
Pattern of three.
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3ใคใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ€‚
12:40
Really nice.
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ใ™ใ”ใใ„ใ„ใ€‚
12:41
Now the second bit is about adding details, right.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใฏ ใ€่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:45
And we use this after the present perfect.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๅพŒใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:49
Again, a very, very common pattern, very effective,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ไบบ็”Ÿ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใงใ€้žๅธธใซๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใง
12:52
present perfect, to describe a life experience
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
12:56
and then adding details.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:58
We use the simple past, right.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
13:00
I've been to Paris twice.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใซ2ๅ›ž่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:02
I first went there when I was 20.
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็งใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎใฏ 20 ๆญณใฎๆ™‚ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:07
I have been to Paris, present perfect.
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็งใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:09
I first went there giving extra detail
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็งใฏๆœ€ๅˆใซใใ“ใซ่กŒใ
13:13
and the time, simple past.
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ใ€่ฉณ็ดฐใจๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:16
I went there when I was 20, very common structure.
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็งใฏ20ๆญณใฎใจใใซใใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใงใใ‚Œ
13:21
Let's see how we can use that in IELTS speaking.
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ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
13:24
For example, you may get a part two question
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ ใŸใ‚ใซใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
13:27
to talk about a book.
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ใ€‚
13:29
A book you like or a book you've found interesting.
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ๅฅฝใใชๆœฌใ‚„ ้ข็™ฝใ‹ใฃใŸๆœฌใ€‚
13:32
You might say, "I've read,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ
13:36
I've read many personal development books
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่‡ชๅทฑๅ•“็™บๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸ
13:39
but last week I read one that really blew my mind.
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ใŒใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใฎ ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟƒใ‚’ๆ‰“ใŸใ‚ŒใŸ
13:44
It was 'The One Thing'".
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ŽThe One Thingใ€ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:48
Gary Keller, brilliant book, go and check it out.
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ใ‚ฒใ‚คใƒชใƒผใƒปใ‚ฑใƒฉใƒผใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ๆœฌใ€่กŒใฃใฆใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:50
But I have read many books, last week I read
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏๅคšใใฎ ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸ. ๅ…ˆ้€ฑ
13:54
one that blew my mind, blew my mind,
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ใ€็งใฏๅฟƒใ‚’ๅนใ้ฃ›ใฐใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชญใฟ
13:58
just means, really impressed me.
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ใพใ—ใŸ.
14:01
Had a really good impression on me.
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็งใซใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅฝๅฐ่ฑกใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:04
Great.
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ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€‚
14:05
So you can see how with this talking about your experiences,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€
14:09
adding detail, simple past, brilliant.
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่ฉณ็ดฐใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
14:17
The third way of using the simple past,
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ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใฎ 3 ใค็›ฎใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฏใ€
14:20
is to talk about past habits.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:23
When I was a child, what were my past habits?
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็งใŒๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ ็งใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใŸใ‹?
14:26
Well, I played football every week.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏๆฏŽ้€ฑใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:30
I went to painting class.
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็ตต็”ปๆ•™ๅฎคใซ้€šใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:32
I went to tennis class quite often.
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็งใฏใ‚ˆใใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นๆ•™ๅฎคใซ้€šใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:36
I did this and I did that.
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:38
So simple past, I played football every week as a child.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใฏๆฏŽ้€ฑใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:42
It's a past habit.
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ๆ˜”ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ็™–ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:44
You'll remember, in other videos we've talked about
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ไปฅๅ‰ใฎ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€
14:47
use to and would, but also the simple past for past habits.
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use to ใจ would ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใฎๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:52
Now, this is really good for the part, one questions about,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใจใฃใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ .1ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏ
14:56
did you do something, something as a child?
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ใ€ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
15:01
And you're talking in the past
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
15:02
but you can be looking at past habits, right.
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ใงใ™ใŒ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
15:05
For example questions like,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ
15:07
did you go on picnics as a child?
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ใ€ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใซใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
15:09
Did you take art classes as a child?
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ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€็พŽ่ก“ใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
15:13
Well, you might say,
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ใˆใˆใจใ€
15:15
"Yes, we went on picnics most weekends in the summer.
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๅคใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ้€ฑๆœซใซใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅคใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ้€ฑๆœซใซใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
15:20
We went on picnics, most weekends in the summer,"
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15:24
that repeated habit.
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ใ€‚
15:26
Or the art classes.
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ€‚
15:28
I studied art class at school.
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็งใฏๅญฆๆ กใง็พŽ่ก“ใฎๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:30
We had class every Friday.
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ๆฏŽ้€ฑ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๆŽˆๆฅญใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:34
Repeated habit, we had class every Friday.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ€ๆฏŽ้€ฑ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๆŽˆๆฅญใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:38
Great, very simple, very effective.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใใ€้žๅธธใซใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ€้žๅธธใซๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:41
The last and fourth one is about imaginary things.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 4 ใค็›ฎ ใฏๆžถ็ฉบใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:46
Why do I do that?
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ใชใœ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:47
I don't know.
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
15:55
So I'm talking about wishes here, right.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ“ใ“ใง้ก˜ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
15:58
When you wish something were different,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใจๆ€ใ†ใจใใ€
16:01
you're imagining now or in the future.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœชๆฅใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:03
With wish, we use the simple past.
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้ก˜ใ„ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆใ€ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:06
I wish I had a lot of money.
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€‚
16:09
I wish I had a new car.
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ปŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€‚
16:12
I wish I had, I don't know.
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ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็”ฐ่ˆŽ
16:14
I wish I had a beautiful house in the countryside.
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ใซ็ด ๆ•ตใชๅฎถใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซ ใ€‚
16:18
I wish I had, really important, but this is really nice.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใช ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:24
For example, I wish you were here.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€‚
16:28
I wish my family could come and stay with me.
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็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใŒ ๆฅใฆใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:31
Can, could, I wish my family could come and stay with me.
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็งใฎๅฎถๆ— ใŒๆฅใฆใ€็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:35
But they can't because of the pandemic, okay.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใŸใ‚ใซใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
16:39
So it's very nice I think sometimes
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
16:42
at the end of part two stories,
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ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
16:46
or when you're doing part two,
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ใพใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€
16:47
you can often finish with a wish.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€้ก˜ใ„ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:51
Maybe you're talking about this and that and that,
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ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚„ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚„
16:53
a beautiful house that you,
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ใ€
16:55
an ideal house you would like to have.
312
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็†ๆƒณใฎๅฎถใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใช็ด ๆ•ตใชๅฎถใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ“ใ‚Œใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:57
And I wish I had a house in the countryside.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็”ฐ่ˆŽใซๅฎถใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซ ใ€‚
17:02
Simple past, but it's a really good structure.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:04
I wish I had.
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ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€‚
17:05
I wish I could, dah, dah, dah, dah.
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ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใซใ€ใƒ€ใƒผใ€ใƒ€ใƒผใ€ใƒ€ใƒผใ€ใƒ€ใƒผใ€‚
17:09
I wish about the present or the future.
317
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็งใฏ็พๅœจใพใŸใฏๆœชๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆ้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:12
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
17:13
Holy moly.
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ใƒ›ใƒผใƒชใƒผใƒขใƒชใƒผใ€‚
17:15
That's the end of the past simple.
320
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ้€ฃ็ถš
17:18
Let's move on now to look at the past continuous.
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
17:26
So there are probably three main ways
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
17:28
we can use this right, story setting, like telling a story.
323
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ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ใชใฉใ€ใ“ใฎๆจฉๅˆฉใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผ่จญๅฎšใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไธปใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ 3 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
17:34
Once upon a time in a land far, far away, many years ago,
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ใ‚€ใ‹ใ—ใ‚€ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ๆ˜”ใ€
17:41
there was a princess and she was sitting in the tower
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใซ็Ž‹ๅฅณ ใŒใ„ใฆใ€ๅก”ใซๅบงใฃ
17:45
waiting for the prince to come.
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ใฆ็Ž‹ๅญใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:48
(object clacking)
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(ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ)
17:50
Of course, you're not gonna tell that kind of story
328
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
17:53
in IELTS speaking, but that said, in part two,
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IELTS ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใงใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใงใฏใ€
17:57
there is a chance to tell anecdotes and stories,
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้€ธ่ฉฑใ‚„ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ๆฉŸไผš
18:00
this will be useful.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
18:01
Number two is the, (bell rings)
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€ (ใƒ™ใƒซใŒ้ณดใ‚‹)
18:05
Guys, sorry, can you get the door?
333
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
18:10
Number two is here, the past continuous for interrupting
334
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ™ใ€ ไธญๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ้ŽๅŽป็ถ™็ถš
18:14
(bell rings)
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(ใƒ™ใƒซใŒ้ณดใ‚‹)
18:16
Guys, come on, I'm trying to make a video.
336
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:19
Yeah, all right.
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ใˆใˆใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
18:23
So it's the past continuous
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ใคใพใ‚Š
18:25
for something that we call the...
339
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ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใจๅ‘ผใถไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ้ŽๅŽป
18:27
I know it's the postman.
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้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™... ็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ้ƒตไพฟๅฑ‹ใ•ใ‚“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
18:29
Can you just answer the door?
341
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:34
I'm trying to work here.
342
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใงๅƒใ“ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:36
Number two is interrupted activity.
343
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฏๆดปๅ‹•ใฎไธญๆ–ญใงใ™ใ€‚
18:38
I was trying to teach you and they interrupted me, mm right.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใ‚’้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:45
Number three (laughing)
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3็•ช๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
18:50
is past habits.
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ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็™–ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:52
Now you got to say, "Hang on Keith,
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2030
ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
18:54
you said past habits was the past simple."
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ใ€‚
18:58
Well, yes it was.
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ใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:00
But also, and this is the beauty of English, right.
350
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็พŽใ—ใ•ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
19:03
The past continuous can be used.
351
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้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใŒไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
19:06
You have different tenses,
352
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
19:09
different tools you can use to create your meaning.
353
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ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:13
Great.
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ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€‚
19:14
So those are the three.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใใฎ3ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
19:20
So let's look now at the format
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ใงใฏ
19:22
of how we make the past continuous.
357
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’้€ฃ็ถšใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:24
By the way, do you like how I magically turned on the light?
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€็งใŒ ้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ˜Žใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’ใคใ‘ใŸใฎใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:29
So the past continuous we've got right,
359
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒๅพ—ใŸ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ถ™็ถšใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™
19:31
I, he or she, plus was, plus the verb in the gerund the ING.
360
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ใ€‚Iใ€he ใพใŸใฏ sheใ€plus wasใ€ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‹•่ฉž ING ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:39
So for example, I was waiting for the bus.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:42
He was waiting for the train.
362
1182790
2010
ๅฝผใฏ้›ป่ปŠใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
19:44
She was waiting for the plane.
363
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:50
Notice the was is normally a weak form
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was ใฏ้€šๅธธๅผฑใ„ๅฝขใง
19:54
'cause we don't normally stress it.
365
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚้€šๅธธใฏๅผท่ชฟใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:57
I, not was, but was, I was waiting.
366
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็งใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€็งใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:01
Try that, I was waiting.
367
1201590
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใฆใ€ๅพ…ใฃใฆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:04
She was waiting for the bus.
368
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2033
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:07
Nice, so there's that big stress on the waiting.
369
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ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅคงใใช ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:10
She was waiting.
370
1210860
1393
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
20:13
Excellent, good.
371
1213720
1510
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
20:15
That's I, he, she, but if it's we, you or they, were,
372
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใ€ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ— ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใชใ‚‰ใ€wereใ€
20:21
W-E-R-E, were plus the verb in the gerund, the ING, right.
373
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W-E-R-Eใ€ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‹•่ฉž ING ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
20:26
They were waiting for me.
374
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:29
They were waiting for me.
375
1229170
1860
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:31
Notice again, the were is weak, usually
376
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธ
20:34
because we stress the next word, waiting.
377
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3180
ใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅพ…ใคใ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€were ใฏๅผฑใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:37
They were, they were waiting.
378
1237920
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
20:40
They were waiting.
379
1240860
2060
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:42
They were waiting for me.
380
1242920
1400
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:44
Try.
381
1244320
833
่ฉฆใ™ใ€‚
20:46
We were waiting for them.
382
1246830
1433
็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
20:50
Nice, great.
383
1250250
1670
ใ„ใ„ใญใ€ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚
20:51
That's the form.
384
1251920
1270
ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:53
Of course, in the negative, we just put the subject
385
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใง ใฏใ€ไธป่ชž
20:55
I, he, she or he plus the, plus was not, plus the gerund.
386
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Iใ€heใ€she ใพใŸใฏ he ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น was not ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:02
I was not waiting.
387
1262850
1990
็งใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:04
However speaking, we normally contract was not to wasn't.
388
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ was not to had not ใจๅฅ‘็ด„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:10
I wasn't waiting.
389
1270620
1373
็งใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:12
Try that.
390
1272870
940
ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:13
I wasn't waiting.
391
1273810
1393
็งใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:16
I wasn't waiting for the train.
392
1276770
1663
็งใฏ้›ป่ปŠใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:19
Honest, I wasn't waiting for the train.
393
1279460
2423
ๆญฃ็›ดใ€้›ป่ปŠใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:24
Or, we have we, you or they plus were not.
394
1284190
5000
ใพใŸใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็งใŸใกใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:29
Plus the gerund, were not becomes weren't, weren't.
395
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ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€were not ใซ ใชใ‚Šใ€were ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:36
They weren't waiting.
396
1296600
1943
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:39
They weren't waiting.
397
1299670
2040
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:41
So you'll notice again, the t at the end
398
1301710
2610
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆœซๅฐพใฎ t ใฏ
21:44
often is not plosive.
399
1304320
2260
ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ็ ด่ฃ‚้Ÿณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:46
So instead of they weren't waiting,
400
1306580
3440
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃ
21:50
it's they weren't waiting.
401
1310020
2500
ใŸใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
21:52
They weren't waiting.
402
1312520
1940
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:54
Can you hear the t is almost dropped.
403
1314460
2140
tใŒใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่ฝใกใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
21:56
It's imploded, imploded.
404
1316600
4100
ๅ†…็ ดใ€ๅ†…็ ดใงใ™ใ€‚
22:00
I mean, it's not plosive, it's not t,
405
1320700
3170
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ ด่ฃ‚้Ÿณใงใฏใชใใ€t ใงใฏใชใใ€
22:03
it's just, they were, they weren't waiting.
406
1323870
3710
ใŸใ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
22:07
They weren't waiting for the bus.
407
1327580
1843
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:10
We weren't waiting for them.
408
1330500
1613
็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:13
Can you hear that?
409
1333190
1110
่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:14
I hope you can hear that.
410
1334300
1800
ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:16
Okay, let's have a look at the first one, story time.
411
1336100
4220
ใงใฏ ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
22:20
Story setting.
412
1340320
1903
ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผ่จญๅฎšใ€‚
22:26
Setting of a story, we're talking about giving the setting
413
1346180
3890
็‰ฉ่ชžใฎ่จญๅฎšใจใฏใ€็‰ฉ่ชžใ€้€ธ่ฉฑใ€ๆดปๅ‹•ใซ ่จญๅฎš
22:30
or the background to a story, anecdote, an activity, right.
414
1350070
5000
ใ‚„่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญใ€‚
22:35
It doesn't have to be once upon a time,
415
1355540
2510
ใ‚€ใ‹ใ—ใ‚€ใ‹ใ—ใ€
22:38
a whole story like Shrek.
416
1358050
2210
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็‰ฉ่ชžๅ…จไฝ“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:40
It can be just even a sentence, right.
417
1360260
2700
ใŸใฃใŸไธ€ๆ–‡ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
22:42
It was raining outside.
418
1362960
1483
ๅค–ใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:45
It was raining outside.
419
1365670
1790
ๅค–ใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:47
So I decided to stay at home.
420
1367460
2510
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๅฎถใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:49
As simple as that, it was raining outside
421
1369970
3190
ใใ‚ŒใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ€ๅค–ใง้›จใŒ้™ใฃ
22:53
is giving the background, what's happening.
422
1373160
2590
ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†่ƒŒๆ™ฏใŒใ€ ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:55
And then, I decided to stay at home.
423
1375750
2260
ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏๅฎถใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:58
Or the sun was shining, I decided to go out, right.
424
1378010
4240
ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅคช้™ฝใŒ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
23:02
Or the pandemic was still going on
425
1382250
3290
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒใพใ ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใฆ
23:05
and dah, dah, dah, dah.
426
1385540
1130
ใ€ใƒ€ใƒผใ€ใƒ€ใƒผใ€ใƒ€ใƒผใ€ใƒ€ใƒผใ€‚
23:06
And it's giving you the background to the story, right.
427
1386670
3770
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใซ็‰ฉ่ชžใฎ่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
23:10
And very often, as I mentioned, it's followed then,
428
1390440
3190
ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใฎๅพŒ
23:13
by the simple past, it was raining outside,
429
1393630
4140
ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใŒ็ถšใใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใ€ ๅค–ใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใŸ
23:17
so I decided to stay at home.
430
1397770
3630
ใฎใงใ€ๅฎถใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:21
The pandemic was still going on
431
1401400
2130
ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใพใ ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
23:23
but I needed to travel back home.
432
1403530
2833
ใŒใ€ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:27
Or the pandemic was still going on,
433
1407470
2260
ใพใŸใฏใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใพใ ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
23:29
but I needed to travel a broad.
434
1409730
2363
ใŒใ€ๅบƒ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใซๆ—…่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ.
23:33
Was going on, here with still, right,
435
1413020
3750
้€ฒ่กŒไธญใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใพใ ใ€ๅณใ€
23:36
was still going on, needed.
436
1416770
2380
้€ฒ่กŒไธญใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:39
I needed to travel abroad.
437
1419150
2740
็งใฏๆตทๅค–ๆ—…่กŒใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:41
So, that is a common structure.
438
1421890
2090
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:43
You've got the background in the past continuous.
439
1423980
2890
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ถ™็ถš็š„ใช่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:46
And then next, the simple past.
440
1426870
3580
ใใ—ใฆๆฌกใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใ€‚
23:50
Even in one sentence, right.
441
1430450
1670
ใฒใจใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
23:52
Doesn't have to be a big, fancy story.
442
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3240
ๅคงใ’ใ•ใงๆดพๆ‰‹ใช่ฉฑใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:55
Okay.
443
1435360
1180
ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
23:56
Now, how can we use this
444
1436540
1980
ใงใฏใ€็‰นใซ IELTS ใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใ
23:58
particularly with some IELTS questions?
445
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ใพใ™ใ‹?
24:01
Well, let's take a couple of examples.
446
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ใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:02
And I'm thinking particularly in part two here.
447
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3720
ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ2ใง็‰นใซ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:06
Imagine there's a question,
448
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1580
่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—
24:08
describe a conversation that you heard, right.
449
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่žใ„ใŸไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:12
As part of your answer
450
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1850
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฎไธ€้ƒจใจใ—ใฆ
24:14
you may want to give a setting and then say what happened.
451
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ใ€่จญๅฎšใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
24:18
So you might say, "I was attending a conference on education
452
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ•™่‚ฒใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไผš่ญฐใซๅ‡บๅธญใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€
24:23
and I was really looking forward to it,
453
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—
24:26
but it turned out that the main speaker was really boring."
454
1466400
4487
ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใƒกใ‚คใƒณ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
24:32
Can you see, I was attending, that's the background.
455
1472180
4110
ใปใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒๅ‡บๅธญใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ƒŒๆ™ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
24:36
I was looking forward to it, is also part of the background.
456
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3880
ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใŸ ใฎใ‚‚่ƒŒๆ™ฏใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
24:40
And then boom, what happened?
457
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2170
ใใ—ใฆใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
24:42
The main speaker turned out or it turned out that
458
1482340
4500
ใƒกใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใคใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ ใ“ใจใŒๅˆคๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅˆคๆ˜Žใ—ใŸ
24:46
or the main speaker turned out to be boring.
459
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4413
ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒกใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผ ใŒ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅˆคๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:53
So the turned out, is the past.
460
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3500
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅˆคๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใฎใฏ้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚
24:57
Turn out just means, in the end the result was,
461
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3550
็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็ตๆžœ
25:00
the main speaker was boring.
462
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2600
ใฏใƒกใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ้€€ๅฑˆใ ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
25:03
So that's very simple part.
463
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ2ใงใฏใ€
25:05
That's not your whole answer, for part two,
464
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ ็ญ”ใˆใงใฏ
25:08
but getting the background,
465
1508340
1810
ใ‚ใ‚Š
25:10
maybe at the beginning of your answer,
466
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฎๅ†’้ ญใง่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ‚’
25:11
this could be a nice way to use it.
467
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2880
็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
25:14
What about this question?
468
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1880
ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
25:16
Describe a time you won something,
469
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3420
ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ‹ใฃใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
25:19
maybe a race or a competition, maybe, right.
470
1519990
2860
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใ‚„ ็ซถๆŠ€ไผšใชใฉใงใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
25:22
Again, you could say, well,
471
1522850
2587
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
25:25
"I was taking part in the school's sports day
472
1525437
3143
ใ€Œ็งใฏๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒ ใ€ๅญฆๆ กใฎ้‹ๅ‹•ไผšใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
25:28
when I was a kid.
473
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1280
ใ€‚
25:29
And I ran in two races and I won both of them."
474
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3697
ใใ—ใฆใ€2 ใคใฎใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใซๅ‡บใฆ ใ€ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
25:34
I was taking part, it's the background.
475
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3520
ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€่ƒŒๆ™ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
25:38
And then what happened?
476
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1220
ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
25:39
Bum, I ran into races and I won both of them, okay.
477
1539630
5000
ใถใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใซๅ‡บใใ‚ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅ‹ใกใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:44
So again, you've got the past continuous
478
1544700
2180
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ้€ฃ็ถšใฎ
25:46
followed by the simple past, very typical,
479
1546880
2540
ๅพŒใซๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚้žๅธธใซๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใงใ€
25:49
nice ways to maybe begin these answers.
480
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3293
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:53
Okay, okie dokie.
481
1553700
1810
ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ‚ชใ‚ฑใƒ‰ใ‚ญใ€‚
25:55
Let's move on to the next one.
482
1555510
2143
ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:02
Now this one is the interrupted activity.
483
1562140
2990
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไธญๆ–ญใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใงใ™ใ€‚
26:05
So basically we use the past continuous
484
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„
26:07
to describe an activity in process.
485
1567950
3380
ใซใฏ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:11
And at some point, boom, there's a cut or an interruption.
486
1571330
4420
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ  ใ€ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆใพใŸใฏไธญๆ–ญใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:15
And the second activity happens.
487
1575750
3960
ใใ—ใฆใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:19
But of course it's in the past.
488
1579710
2380
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
26:22
So imagine if you will, it was raining outside.
489
1582090
4120
ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ๅค–ใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒใ‚น
26:26
Imagine you were waiting for the bus, right.
490
1586210
3770
ใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
26:29
Five minutes, 10 minutes.
491
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1870
5ๅˆ†ใ€10ๅˆ†ใ€‚
26:31
And you're standing there, waiting for the bus
492
1591850
3700
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ“ใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
26:36
and you see Tom and you say, "Oh, hello, Tom."
493
1596740
4347
ใƒˆใƒ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒˆใƒ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:42
So, "I was waiting for the bus when I saw Tom."
494
1602270
4037
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œ ใƒˆใƒ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็งใŒใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃ
26:47
Simple as that
495
1607310
1290
ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ๅ˜็ด”ใง
26:48
I was waiting for the bus,
496
1608600
1780
26:50
and then the second activity interrupts or cuts in,
497
1610380
4847
ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใŒ ไธญๆ–ญใพใŸใฏๅ‰ฒใ‚Š่พผใ‚“ใงใ€
26:55
"Oh, I saw Tom."
498
1615227
2080
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใƒˆใƒ ใซไผšใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
26:58
Whilst I was waiting for the bus, I saw my friend Tom.
499
1618240
3830
ใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ ใ€ๅ‹้”ใฎใƒˆใƒ ใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:02
Continuous past simple.
500
1622070
2660
้€ฃ็ถš้ŽๅŽปๅ˜็ด”.
27:04
Another common structure, right.
501
1624730
2720
ๅˆฅใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
27:07
How to use them together.
502
1627450
2150
ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
27:09
So, let me show you how you can use this again.
503
1629600
3880
ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
27:13
The interrupted activity in the same questions, right.
504
1633480
2750
ๅŒใ˜่ณชๅ•ใงไธญๆ–ญใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆดปๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญใ€‚
27:16
Imagine a part two, describe a conversation you heard.
505
1636230
3830
ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ€ ่žใ„ใŸไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใ‚กใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ
27:20
Remember I gave you the background,
506
1640060
1940
ใ—ใฆ่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
27:22
talking about the conference and in the end
507
1642000
2700
27:24
the speaker was really boring.
508
1644700
1873
ใ€‚็ตๅฑ€ใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:28
But here we could say, "As I was taking my seat
509
1648130
4310
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œ็งใŒๅธญ
27:32
the main speaker got up on the stage and began."
510
1652440
3807
ใซ็€ใใจใ€ใƒกใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใซไธŠใŒใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:38
As I was taking my seat,
511
1658120
1780
็งใŒๅธญใซ็€ใ„ใŸใจใ
27:39
I'm in the process of sitting down,
512
1659900
2590
ใ€็งใฏๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้€”ไธญใงใ—
27:42
at that time, boom, the main speaker got up
513
1662490
3380
ใŸ. ใใฎใจใ ใ€ใƒกใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใฃ
27:45
and began speaking.
514
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ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸ.
27:48
Past continuous, simple past, very simple.
515
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้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ถ™็ถšใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ€้žๅธธใซๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:51
And I'm developing my answer here.
516
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใง็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’้–‹็™บใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ
27:54
Let me show you the similar thing, right,
517
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่ณชๅ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅŒๆง˜ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
27:56
for the other question.
518
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ใ€‚
27:57
So remember, describe a time when you won something.
519
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใจ่ƒŒๆ™ฏ
28:01
I've told you a bit about the story, the background
520
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ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒ
28:03
and then I can come in and say,
521
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2427
ใ€
28:05
"When they were giving me the medals,
522
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2603
ใ€Œใƒกใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’
28:08
my mum took several photos."
523
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2937
ๆธกใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€ๆฏใŒไฝ•ๆžšใ‹ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
28:12
When they were giving me the medals, in the process
524
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็ง ใซใƒกใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€ใใฎ้Ž็จ‹
28:16
at the same time, boom, my mum pow, pow, pow,
525
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ใงๅŒๆ™‚ใซ ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒณใ€็งใฎใƒžใƒ ใƒปใƒ‘ใ‚ฆใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚ฆใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚ฆใฏใ€็งใŒใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใซๅ‹ใฃ
28:20
took several photos, because she was ever so proud
526
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ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚่ช‡ใ‚Šใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใ‚Š
28:24
of me winning the races.
527
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:26
So a similar thing, right.
528
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ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใญใ€‚
28:27
The same structure, were giving, mum took several photos.
529
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ๅŒใ˜ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:34
Great, let's move on to the third and final situation.
530
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ใงใฏใ€ 3 ใค็›ฎใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ็Šถๆณใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
28:42
Now the third point is past habit
531
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ็‚นใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใง
28:45
and you are quite right.
532
1725320
1410
ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใ†ใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
28:46
We also use the simple past for past habit.
533
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้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใ‚‚ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:50
I played football every weekend when I was a kid.
534
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ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ๆฏŽ้€ฑๆœซใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:55
And that's quite specific.
535
1735480
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:57
But when we're being more general,
536
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ ดๅˆ
28:59
we use the past continuous with the adverb always.
537
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ใฏ ใ€ๅธธใซๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใจใ‚‚ใซ้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:04
I was always playing with computers as a kid.
538
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็งใฏ ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใง้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:09
I was always playing football as a kid.
539
1749420
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็งใฏๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:12
So it's not specific time when you did it
540
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใฎใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๆœŸใงใฏ
29:15
but just generally.
541
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ใชใใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
29:16
And the use of always, I was always doing that.
542
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ€ ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:20
I was always arguing with my brother.
543
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅ…„ใจๅฃ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:22
When we were growing up together,
544
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็งใŸใกใŒไธ€็ท’ใซ่‚ฒใฃใŸใจใใ€
29:25
we were always arguing with each other.
545
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็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซ่จ€ใ„ไบ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:28
Typical brotherly fighting.
546
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2580
ๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชๅ…„ๅผŸๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ€‚
29:31
So it's a habit and it's always.
547
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅธธใซใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:35
So the past continuous with always.
548
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅธธใซใจ้€ฃ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹้ŽๅŽปใ€‚
29:38
So this is something you could use
549
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1590
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
29:39
talking about your childhood, about past jobs,
550
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3120
ใ€ ๅญไพ›ๆ™‚ไปฃใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ
29:42
about university studies in the past.
551
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2600
ๅคงๅญฆใงใฎ็ ”็ฉถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
29:45
For example, "At university I was always studying
552
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅคงๅญฆ ใงใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚
29:49
late into the night.
553
1789090
1443
ๅคœ้…ใใพใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
29:51
I was always burning the midnight oil."
554
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3660
ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆทฑๅคœใฎๆฒนใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
29:55
That's burning the midnight oil, working late
555
1795340
2560
ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆทฑๅคœใฎๆฒนใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ™ใ“ใจใ€ๅคœ้…ใใพใงๅƒใใ“ใจใ€
29:57
or studying late at night.
556
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2410
ใพใŸใฏๅคœ้…ใใพใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
30:00
I was always studying late at night.
557
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3210
็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅคœ้…ใใพใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
30:03
It's neither good, nor bad.
558
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่‰ฏใใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
30:05
It's neutral, but it's great to describe a past habit.
559
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4190
ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใƒฉใƒซใงใ™ใŒ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
30:09
Going back to one of the part two questions,
560
1809270
2020
ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎ 1 ใคใซๆˆปใ‚Šใ€
30:11
describe a time you won something.
561
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
30:14
So we've given the background in the setting.
562
1814400
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ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€่จญๅฎšใฎ่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
30:17
We gave an interrupted activity example.
563
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ไธญๆ–ญใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆดปๅ‹•ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
30:20
Also here, you could say something like,
564
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
30:23
"As a kid I was always racing everywhere here and there.
565
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ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ใกใ“ใกใงใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใ— ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
30:28
So it's no surprise, I won the race on sports day."
566
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้ฉšใใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚้‹ๅ‹•ไผšใงใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใซๅ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
30:34
You're giving a further background, talking in the past.
567
1834400
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:37
As a kid, I was always racing or running everywhere.
568
1837730
4123
ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚ใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใ‚„ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
30:43
Nice past habit.
569
1843000
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็ด ๆ•ตใช้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ€‚
30:45
So there you've got it.
570
1845420
1010
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
30:46
The past continuous for setting or giving the background,
571
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3340
่ƒŒๆ™ฏใ‚’่จญๅฎš ใพใŸใฏไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€
30:49
talking about interrupted activities
572
1849770
2990
ไธญๆ–ญใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆดปๅ‹•
30:52
and also past habits with always.
573
1852760
3223
ใ‚„้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
30:57
Fantastic, so that's it,
574
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œ
30:59
we've seen today how you can use the past simple
575
1859070
3260
ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅ ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ๅฝข
31:02
and the past continuous in different contexts
576
1862330
3030
ใจ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ถ™็ถšๅฝข ใ‚’ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–‡่„ˆ
31:05
and often together, right.
577
1865360
1840
ใงใ€ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
31:07
It's not one or the other, we often use them together.
578
1867200
3170
ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ไธ€ๆ–นใงใฏใชใใ€ ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
31:10
And I hope you can see how you can do that
579
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ใใ—ใฆใ€IELโ€‹โ€‹TS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™
31:12
for different questions for the IELTS speaking test.
580
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4360
ใ€‚
31:17
Excellent, great.
581
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1540
็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
31:18
If you want to know more about grammar mistakes,
582
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2320
ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„
31:20
then do watch this video up here
583
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ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€IELTS ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใงๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ— 5 ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆง
31:23
which tells you the top five grammar mistakes
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ใใ ใ•ใ„
31:26
that students are making in IELTS speaking.
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ใ€‚
31:29
Keep your eyes open, keep your eyes peeled.
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็›ฎใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใŸ ใพใพใ€็›ฎใ‚’ใ‚€ใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
31:32
I'll be doing a few more grammar videos
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่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€IELTS ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹
31:34
to help you with IELTS speaking, in the near future.
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ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
31:38
In the meantime, if you've enjoyed this, please do like it.
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ใใ‚Œใพใงใฎ้–“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
31:41
Turn on the notifications as you subscribe for the video.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:46
And go ahead and watch some more to improve your grammar
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ใใ—ใฆใ€IELโ€‹โ€‹TS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฆ–่ดใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
31:49
for IELTS speaking.
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ใ€‚
31:51
Take care of my friends.
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็งใฎๅ‹้”ใฎไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:52
As always, it's a pleasure.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ–œใณใงใ™ใ€‚
31:54
Bye-bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
31:55
(upbeat music)
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(ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ)
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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