American English & British English - 8 Grammar Differences

488,916 views ใƒป 2014-03-21

English Jade


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hi, everyone. I'm Jade. What we're talking about today is some grammatical differences
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” ์ œ์ด๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:06
between American English and British English because although we speak the same language
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
00:10
and we understand each other, we actually have two varieties of English and we have
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ
00:16
different rules; we have some different grammar that comes with that.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:19
So I think this video is interesting for you if you're learning English. And I suggest
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:25
you use this video to just make sure that whichever variety you prefer that you take
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ’ˆ์ข…์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ 
00:33
all the rules associated with that variety. So don't think: "Oh, I like the rule for collective
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ํ•ด๋‹น ํ’ˆ์ข…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ "์˜ค, ๋‚˜๋Š”
00:40
nouns in American English, that's easier, I'll do that but for British English, it's
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋” ์‰ฝ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋”
00:45
easier to spell like that". Don't do that. Just keep it standard. Pick one, learn the
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์‰ฌ์›Œ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:50
rules, keep it standard that way. I also think this will be interesting to you if you're
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๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:54
a native speaker, so if you're an American, you're a British person and you just want
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด๊ณ 
00:58
to compare just for interest's sake.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
So, let's get started. Number one: collective nouns. A collective noun represents a noun
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์ž, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ. ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:08
standing for a collection of individuals or not necessarily individuals, but within one
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜
01:16
bigger thing. So, a good example is government. Government, do you see it as one thing making
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๋” ํฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€,
01:24
decisions as the government speaking as one voice, or do you see it as a collection of
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ , ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
01:31
different political parties, or even different individuals within one thing - the government?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋‹น์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:38
In British English, we can make our collective nouns singular or plural to reflect the fact
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
01:49
that just because one thing is a group, it doesn't necessarily mean that they're speaking
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
01:54
with one voice or one vision. So we can say: "Tom's family is", or: "are coming to visit."
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ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๋น„์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "Tom์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€" ๋˜๋Š” "๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
In British English. It just depends. Do you have a happy family? Are you one family happy
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์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด๋กœ. ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ
02:10
unit or are you a collection of different individuals making up that family; mom, dad,
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๋‹จ์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—„๋งˆ, ์•„๋น ,
02:16
your brothers, your sisters? In which case, you can use: "are". In British English, we
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ํ˜•์ œ, ์ž๋งค? ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "are"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
02:21
can say that, whereas in American English, we have to just use the singular verb. Here's
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:27
an example: "The government have cut spending". Government is seen as one thing, so we use
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. "์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ์‚ญ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:35
the singular verb.
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Moving on now, rule number two. We have different spelling rules also. Here's one to consider:
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ์ž ๊ทœ์น™๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
02:45
spelling for "ed" words. In American English, it's generally preferred to spell with "ed".
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"ed" ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ฒ ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "ed"๋กœ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์—
02:51
Let me tell you a story about something on my other YouTube channel. I have a video there
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๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ œ๊ฐ€
02:57
that generates quite a lot of negative comments sometimes because I say something about Americans
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ด ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
03:03
and they're not very, very happy when they watch it and sometimes people get really angry.
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๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
And in a comment, somebody was like: "Hey, you can't even spell! You should spell 'learned'
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "์ด๋ด, ์ฒ ์ž๋„ ๋ชป ์จ! 'learned'๋Š” '
03:16
with 'ed', not a 't'". And she was like really angry, said all this stuff in there; taking
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t'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'ed'๋กœ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
the video way too seriously. And then, it started a bit of a comment thread, and people
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์Šค๋ ˆ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:27
were like: "Hey, you're embarrassing Americans - you can spell it that way" and things like
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"์ด๋ด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์„ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:31
this. So, that's a good example of how when you... When you're used to your variety...
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ธ์ œ... ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฒ„๋ผ์ด์–ดํ‹ฐ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ...
03:39
I'm used to British English mainly, I'll sometimes see something in the American variety that
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์ €๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฒ„๋ผ์ด์–ดํ‹ฐ์—์„œ
03:47
confuses me. So obviously that girl hadn't seen "learnt" spelt with a "t" before which
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์ €๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…€๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ "t"๋กœ ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์€ "learnt"๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:55
is okay in British English.
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.
03:57
So, in American English, you have a couple of exceptions. You would spell: "dreamt" and
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "dreamt"์™€
04:05
"smelt" with a "t". I guess because these words sound like they've got "t" endings,
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"smelt"๋ฅผ "t"๋กœ ์ฒ ์žํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋์ด "t"์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
04:13
whereas in British English, we have an option; we can spell words with a "t" or "ed" in a
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— "t" ๋˜๋Š” "ed"๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฒ ์žํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:20
lot of cases. Like: "learnt/learned", "burned/burnt", "dreamed/dreamt", and they actually have a
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. ์˜ˆ: "learnt/learned", "burned/burnt", "dreamed/dreamt", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
04:30
different pronunciation as well. We have a couple of exceptions too. We don't say: "smelt"
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๋ฐœ์Œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "smelt"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
04:37
and we don't say: "leapt" - we spell these with "ed". So those are our little spelling
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"leapt"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ์ž๋Š” "ed"๋กœ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ฒ ์ž
04:44
differences for you.
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์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
The third rule now is the past participle of "get". The rule generally... The basic
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ "get"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์น™์€... ๊ธฐ๋ณธ
04:54
rule is: in British English, we can't say: "gotten". To say: "gotten" is wrong in British
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๊ทœ์น™์€ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” "gotten"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ "gotten"์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:01
English. We use "got" as past participle. Now, I'm observing that people are starting
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ "got"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
05:08
to use "gotten" in British English. It's not considered standard or grammatically correct,
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ "gotten"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ค€์–ด๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:15
but people around my age and people younger than me, they're using "gotten" now and I
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์ œ ๋˜๋ž˜๋‚˜ ์ €๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 'gotten'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:20
think that's surely the internet surf; American culture, American film and that kind of thing,
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์„œํ•‘์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ™”, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํ™” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ,
05:28
and TV series on British people in there for a British language.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ TV ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
So, how are we using the past participle of "get" in sentences? You could say... In American
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด "get"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š” ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๋ฏธ๊ตญ
05:42
English, you could say: "I've gotten a headache". And that sentence means talking about the
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” "I've got a head"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
05:49
past and in general. Before, at some point in time, I've gotten a headache. We can't
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋А ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
use "gotten" in British English, so what do we say? If we're talking about the past and
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” "gotten"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:02
the same general meaning, we'd need to say: "I've had a headache." At some point in my
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"I've have a head."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋А ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ
06:09
life, I have had a headache. But what if we want to talk about now, what do we say? In
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:16
fact, we can use the same sentence. In American English and British English, if we're talking
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
06:22
about now, we can simply say: "I've got a headache." And what's important to notice
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ "I've got a head."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
06:28
there is we're not using "gotten" as past participle; we're just using "got". The same
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"gotten"์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ "got"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
as British English.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
And point number four, if we're talking about dates, we have different conventions about
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์ ์€ ๋‚ ์งœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚ ์งœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:42
the date. So in American English, they don't use an article. They would say: "My birthday...
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚ด ์ƒ์ผ...
06:48
My birthday..." I can't say that sound. "My birthday is September the 9th". Sorry, I did
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๋‚ด ์ƒ์ผ..." ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ œ ์ƒ์ผ์€ 9์›” 9์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
06:55
my British English thing, I put "the" in there where it doesn't belong in the American English.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณณ์— "the"๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:00
You'd say: "My birthday is September 9th". In British English, we need to use "the".
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"๋‚ด ์ƒ์ผ์€ 9์›” 9์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” "the"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
We say: "My birthday is the 9th of September". Also using a preposition there. So those are
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋‚ด ์ƒ์ผ์€ 9์›” 9์ผ์ด์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
07:19
the first four differences. We've got four more differences to look at.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
Let's go over the last four differences I'm going to talk about between American English
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด
07:30
and British English. Number five: talking about recent past events. We have a different
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์™€ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:36
preference on the grammatical form to use. In British English, we like to use the present
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ํ˜•์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:41
perfect. So we'd say: "I have just seen her". Talking about something that just happened
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:48
recently, I saw my friend. Then I say: "I have just seen her". Whereas the preferred
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ " ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
07:55
way to say that in American English is with the past simple and using the adverb. So,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
08:01
you could say in American English: "I just saw her". The adverb here is coming before
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” "I just saw her"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:08
the verb. And in the present perfect, the adverb is going between the auxiliary verb
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:15
and the main verb in the sentence. So we say: "I have just seen her".
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
We've got two more examples. "He already finished". Compared to: "He has already finished". And
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด." ๋น„๊ต: "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋๋ƒˆ๋‹ค". ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:28
in the question form: "Did she leave yet?" Compared to: "Has she left yet?" To say about
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹ : "์•„์ง ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”?" ๋น„๊ต: "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”?"
08:35
these last two, these will be heard and spoken American English, perhaps not really written.
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์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
In written English, American, it's also possible to use the present perfect like how we're
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๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹,
08:49
using it in British English.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
Let's look at number six now, using "got". In informal spoken American English, "got"
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์ด์ œ "got"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 6๋ฒˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ "got"์€
08:59
can be used in a different way, in a way that's not really acceptable in British English.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
So "got" can be used for necessity: "I got to go". In British English, we would say the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "got"์€ ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "I got to go". ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
09:11
same thing with the present perfect: "I've got to go". Or: "I've got to go". Yeah, so
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์—๋„ "I've got to go"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” "๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ด์š”". ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
09:18
our general preference is using the present perfect a bit more than in American English.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Let's look at using "got" for possession. "Possession" means something you own, something
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์†Œ์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "got"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์†Œ์œ "๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ,
09:27
that belongs to you. In American English, informal, spoken - it is possible to say:
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
"I got a car". It's not considered correct, but it's said and it's spoken. Whereas in
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"I got a car"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋งํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
British English, again, we're using the present perfect, and we say: "I've got a car".
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ "I've got a car"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
Let's look at the next difference now, number seven: compound nouns. A compound noun is
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ณฑ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
09:51
when you have two nouns together and the meaning together is one noun. So, here are some examples.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
In American English, this is how they're formed: it's [verb] + [noun], and then you get something
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” [๋™์‚ฌ] + [๋ช…์‚ฌ]๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ
10:07
like this: "jump rope" and "dive board". But compare that to British English where we do
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"์ค„๋„˜๊ธฐ"์™€ "๋‹ค์ด๋น™ ๋ณด๋“œ"๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
10:16
the form of: [gerund] + [noun]. And another way of understanding gerund is [verb] + [ing].
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[๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ] + [๋ช…์‚ฌ] ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ [๋™์‚ฌ] + [ing]์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
So our preferred forms have "ing". So we can say: "skipping rope", means the same as "jump
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” "ing"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "์ค„๋„˜๊ธฐ"๋Š” "์ค„๋„˜๊ธฐ"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
rope", when you do that thing and you jump; exercise or in the playground at school. And
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์šด๋™์ด๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต ์šด๋™์žฅ์—์„œ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:36
the American "dive board" compares to the English "diving board".
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ "๋‹ค์ด๋น™ ๋ณด๋“œ"๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ "๋‹ค์ด๋น™ ๋ณด๋“œ"์™€ ๋น„๊ต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
And that brings us to the last difference that I'm going to talk about today. This is
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
10:46
the most complicated difference I think because in American English, it's a lot clearer what
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•
10:54
is meant and in British English, this subjunctive mood can be quite hard to grasp what's actually
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:01
being spoken about. So, what is a subjunctive mood? If you want... Here's the situation:
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ... ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
your friend wants to find out how to get to Upstate New York, and somebody says to him,
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ Upstate New York์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ Œํ„ฐ์นด ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:17
the car hire place or whatever, they said: "They suggested he rent a car". And they're
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"์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
11:23
talking about now, that meaning is now. They're giving him an option and an option in the
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์ง€๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:31
future. Okay? So it's like a hypothetical, it's in the future.
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
Compare that to British English. Two options, first option you can say: "They suggested
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜ ์ค‘ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ต์…˜์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋“ค์€
11:42
that he should rent a car". Why is "should" in there? It's a little bit confusing. Okay?
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ ŒํŠธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์™œ "should"๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
11:47
My feeling is that "should" is there because we use "should" in like a polite way for making
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์ œ ๋А๋‚Œ์€ "should"๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "should"๋ฅผ ๊ณต์†ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:52
offers and that kind of thing, or saying the hypothetical, talking about now. "They suggested
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. "๊ทธ๋“ค์€
11:57
that he should rent a car". And the second way, even more confusing I think because we
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ ŒํŠธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
12:02
have a backshift in the tense. We say: "They suggested that he rented a car". So we backshift
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์‹œ์ œ์— ๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:11
there, even though the meaning is still talking about now and, you know, potentially his future
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๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜
12:18
actions. So yeah, compare this one to... We'll compare these two. "They suggested he rent
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ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ์‹œํ”„ํŠธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ˆ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„๊ต... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:25
a car". Meaning now in American English, compared to: "They suggested he rented a car". Meaning
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." ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ : "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:34
now also, with the implication of now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
So, there are eight grammatical differences for you between American English and English
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ์˜์–ด์‹
12:43
English. If you did like this video, please give it a thumbs up; really appreciate that.
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์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” 8๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
And if you like my teaching style, please subscribe to my channel, not only on my engVid
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๊ฐ•์˜ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ engVid
12:55
channel, but on my other channel as well because I've got two channels. And you can watch all
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์ฑ„๋„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฑ„๋„๋„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ฑ„๋„์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
13:00
kinds of lessons on my channel, so I'd really appreciate it. And, oh yes, did I tell you
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์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์˜ค ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ
13:07
to do the quiz? Go and do the quiz about this because that way, you can exercise your brain
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ˆ? ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋ฉด ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋ จ
13:13
and learn more about English and American English. So, see you and come back and see
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
13:19
me again. There's a big hug for you, and a good-bye from me. Bye.
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํฐ ํฌ์˜น ๊ณผ ์ €์™€์˜ ์ž‘๋ณ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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