How to remember IPA phoneme symbols: my tricks!

853,489 views ใƒป 2020-01-04

English Jade


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, everyone. In this lesson I'm going to teach you how to remember phoneme symbols
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€IPA ใง ้Ÿณ็ด ่จ˜ๅทใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™
00:04
in IPA. Here are some of the symbols. These symbols are for the vowels, but I'm also going
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่จ˜ๅทใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ่จ˜ๅทใฏๆฏ้Ÿณ็”จใงใ™ใŒ
00:11
to teach you how to remember the diphthongs and the consonants. These symbols each represent
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ใ€ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใจๅญ้Ÿณใฎ่ฆšใˆๆ–นใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ˜ๅทใฏใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ
00:19
a sound in English. Some of them... Some of you will know and have heard of these already,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏ... ใ‚ใชใŸๆ–นใฎไธญใซใฏใ™ใงใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸ
00:25
and for some of you it will be completely new to you, a new subject. When I was learning
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ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจใ
00:30
these, what was really hard for me was to remember some of the symbols because they
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ใ€็งใซใจใฃใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใฏใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่จ˜ๅทใŒ
00:38
don't look like English letters, and to associate them with a sound. And I think... I've... I've
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่‹ฑๅญ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้Ÿณใซ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ... ็งใฏ...
00:47
known of these for about seven years, but it was very, very slowly, slowly that I remembered
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ด„7ๅนด้–“็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š
00:55
them. And the reason I've made this lesson is to make it easier for people to remember
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ใงใ—ใŸ. ็งใŒใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸ็†็”ฑ ใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใใฎ้€ฃๆƒณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚
01:03
that association, and that's why I've got some pictures, and sometimes it's some words
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ใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ†™็œŸใจ
01:10
that can help you remember the sound and the symbol.
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ใ€้Ÿณใจ่จ˜ๅทใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:14
So we're going to start... We'll start here, and this first column, we go across the vowel
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†... ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ณใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ
01:24
chart here. "E", "say cheese", "cheese". You know when somebody takes a picture? "Say cheese!"
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ใพใ™ ใ€Œใˆใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ‚บใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ„ใคๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใŸใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ "ใฏใ„ใ€ใƒใƒผใ‚บ๏ผ"
01:35
The word "cheese" has the sound in it. Next we have "i". To remember "i", we can remember
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ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏ้ŸฟใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€Œใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œiใ€ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใซ
01:49
the phrase "English ship". The phrase "English ship" has the "i" twice in it; once in English
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ใฏใ€ใ€ŒEnglish shipใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎ่ˆนใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซ ใฏใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใŒ 2 ๅ›žๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ 1ๅ›žใฏ่‹ฑ่ชž
02:01
and once in "ship". And I drew a picture of a ship here. Here we have the English flag.
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ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†1ๅ›žใฏใ€Œ่ˆนใ€ใงใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ่ˆนใฎ็ตตใ‚’ๆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นๅ›ฝๆ——ใ€‚
02:08
This is the St. George's flag, which represents only England. And if you look inside the boat,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใฟใ‚’่กจใ™่–ใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ธใฎๆ—— ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ่ˆนใฎไธญ
02:21
we can also see the shape of the "i". Okay? Next we have "u". And if you imagine a cow
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œiใ€ใฎๅฝขใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใฏใ€Œใ†ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้‡ŽๅŽŸใซใ„ใ‚‹็‰›ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็‰›
02:34
in a field, do you ever see them when they have that ring through their nose, like that?
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ใŒ้ผปใซใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
02:42
That is the same kind of shape when you see it in the nose as the phoneme "u". And very
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€้ผปใฎไธญใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€้Ÿณ็ด ใ€Œuใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ้žๅธธใซ
02:49
conveniently that phoneme is in the word "bull". So if we say the phrase "pull the bull" and
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ไพฟๅˆฉใชใ“ใจใซใ€ใใฎ้Ÿณ็ด ใฏใ€Œ้›„็‰›ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใซๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ้›„็‰›ใ‚’ๅผ•ใฃๅผตใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่จ€ใฃ
03:00
we see that picture in our heads, that can help us remember. And also what's good to
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ใฆ้ ญใฎไธญใซใใฎ็ตตใŒๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™. ใพใŸ
03:06
know about these words, if you listen to me say them, they sound... The "u" sounds slightly
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใใจ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€็งใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใจ ใ€่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹. ใ€Œuใ€ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ
03:11
different in them. "Pull the bull", but they... The two words have that sound in. When we're
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็•ฐใชใฃใฆ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹. ใ€Œใƒ—ใƒซใƒปใ‚ถใƒปใƒ–ใƒซใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ... 2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใใฎ้ŸณใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:19
learning the phoneme, sometimes it can be a little bit confusing that they slightly
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03:24
change sound in some different words, so I'm just pointing that out to you; they have the
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„
03:30
same sound. Next we have "oo", "mood for food". And in this one I changed the shape slightly
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฏใ€ŒใŠใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏๅฝขใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใˆ
03:41
to make it a smiley face, so if you're happy to be eating food, it can remind you of this
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ใฆใซใฃใ“ใ‚Šใจใ—ใŸ้ก”ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ”้ฃฏ ใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆๅนธใ›ใชๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
03:47
sound. "Mood for food".
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ฃŸใฎๆฐ—ใ€ใ€‚
03:50
Okay, next. Here's one of the easiest ones to remember. This is "eh". Most words with
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๆฌกใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’็คบใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใˆใฃใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:59
"eh" in are spelt with the letter "e", so it makes it easier for us. And this drawing
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"eh" ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏ "e" ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใง็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ
04:08
that we have to remember it is "wet pet". You know when a dog goes outside in the rain,
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„็ตตใŒใ€Œๆฟกใ‚ŒใŸใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ŠฌใŒ้›จใฎไธญใงๅค–ใซๅ‡บใŸใจใ
04:21
or after it's been washed, it comes in the house and it shakes like that, and all the...
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆด—ใฃใŸๅพŒใ€ๅฎถใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใฆใ€ใใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆบใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€
04:28
All the water drops fly away. This is what this picture shows; he's a wet pet.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๆฐดๆปดใŒ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใŒ็คบใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆฟกใ‚ŒใŸใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:34
Next we have the schwa. The schwa, I remember it in a few ways. First I remember it as the
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็‚นใง่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฏ
04:44
upside-down "e", but I also remember it... It's hard to say the schwa on its own without
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้€†ใ•ใฎใ€Œใˆใ€ใง่ฆšใˆใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‚่ฆšใˆใฆใพใ™โ€ฆใ€‚
04:55
it being in a word, but it's something like "uh", "uh", "uh", "uh". Something like that.
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ใ†ใ€ใ€Œใ†ใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€‚
05:03
It doesn't sound like it's got a question mark in it. It's not... Every time we say
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็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“... ็งใŸใกใŒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใŸใณใซ
05:07
a schwa, it's like "uh". It's not going up, but if we just isolate the sound, "uh", it
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใˆใˆใจใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™. ไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๅˆ†้›ขใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
05:16
is closest to being a bit confused about something. So I turned the upside-down "e" into a face
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ใซๆœ€ใ‚‚่ฟ‘ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€้€†ใ•ใฎใ€Œeใ€
05:25
there to help remember it. Next we have "er", and that vowel we can remember by two words.
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ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ก”ใซๅค‰ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œerใ€ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฏใ€2 ่ชžใง่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
First, we have "bird" and we have "worm", and the worm is in the shape of the symbol.
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ใพใšใ€Œ้ณฅใ€ใจใ€Œใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใ€ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใฏใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใฎๅฝขใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:47
The bird is not really in the shape of the symbol, but we see it inside its wings.
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้ณฅใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใฎๅฝขใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ็พฝใฎไธญใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:55
Next we have "oar", and the way I remember this sound is to think of the word "sword".
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œๆซ“ใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใจใ€Œๅ‰ฃใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ใณใพใ™ใ€‚
06:05
And if we look at the symbol here of the sword, we can see the shape is inside the sword.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‰ฃใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝขใŒๅ‰ฃใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:16
And here's a phrase that we can remember to make more connections in our memory, and this
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถใฎไธญใงใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅคšใใฎใคใชใŒใ‚Šใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
one is called "born with a sword". So it's a baby holding a sword, as if it's a toy.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅ‰ฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚‹ใงใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ‰ฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใŸ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:44
Next we have "a". "A", the word I always think of first when I consider that phoneme and
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใ€ ใใฎ้Ÿณ็ด ใจ่žใ„ใฆ็œŸใฃๅ…ˆ
06:55
bring it to mind is "cat". Always think of "cat". But how I remember to write the phoneme,
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ใซๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€Œ็Œซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ ใ€Œ็Œซใ€ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้Ÿณ็ด ใฎๆ›ธใๆ–นใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆ
07:06
it's a little bit more difficult than some of the other ones, in a way, because it's
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:12
like an "a" next to an "e", but they... When they come together, they look slightly different
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ใ€Œeใ€ใฎ้šฃใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œaใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
07:22
than we're used to seeing them. So we can remember it's something like "a" plus "e".
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ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใจใ€Œeใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:38
And when we bring those sounds together, we get "a", so then we get the word "cat". And
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ ใจใ€Œaใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œcatใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
07:49
if you have a medical emergency in England and you have to go to the hospital, the place
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ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใง็ทŠๆ€ฅๅŒป็™‚ใŒ็™บ็”Ÿ ใ—ใ€็—…้™ขใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰
07:55
that you go is the accident and emergency, so the drawing to remember it is an ambulance,
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ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€่กŒใๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏไบ‹ๆ•…ใจ็ทŠๆ€ฅไบ‹ๆ…‹ใชใฎใง ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ตตใฏๆ•‘ๆ€ฅ่ปŠใง
08:04
and the ambulance is driving to the accident and emergency. Perhaps the cat has had an
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ•‘ๆ€ฅ่ปŠใฏไบ‹ๆ•… ใจ็ทŠๆ€ฅไบ‹ๆ…‹ใซ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็Œซใฏ
08:10
accident and it's going to the accident and emergency now.
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ไบ‹ๆ•…ใซ้ญใ„ใ€ไปŠใ€ไบ‹ๆ•…ใ‚„็ทŠๆ€ฅไบ‹ๆ…‹ใซ็›ด้ขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:16
The next symbol to remember is "a". I always remember this one, "a". In my mind, it sounds
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ๆฌกใซ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹่จ˜ๅทใฏใ€Œaใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ใ“ใฎใ€Œaใ€ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎไธญใง
08:26
like the sound is going up somewhere. "A", "a". It's a little bit similar to this, but
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ใฏใฉใ“ใ‹้ŸณใŒไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
08:36
with more power to it, and it's more... It's more of a clear sound, because this sound,
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ‘ใƒฏใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซโ€ฆ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚ขใชใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰
08:44
the schwa, is always unstressed. So, this sound, the "a", we can remember it with the
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ใ€ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใฏๅธธใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ ใ€Œaใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใฏใ€
08:53
phrase "thumbs up", "thumbs up". And we can remember the hand, "thumbs up". "Thumbs up"
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ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒ ใ‚บใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒ ใ‚บใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใง่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒ ใ‚บใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒ ใ‚บใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใซ
09:06
has two of those sounds in it. "Thumbs up".
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ใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ŸณใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ "ใ„ใ„ใž"ใ€‚
09:13
Next we have, when we go to the doctor's and the doctor wants to check our health, how
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ๆฌกใซใ€็งใŸใกใŒๅŒป่€…ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ๅŒป่€…ใŒ ็งใŸใกใฎๅฅๅบท็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใ„
09:26
are we in the back of our throats, the doctor says to us, "Say 'ah'", and he puts something
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ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ–‰ใฎๅฅฅใฏใฉใ†ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
09:34
on the tongue so he can look inside. When we say "ah", that sound is a lot more open,
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ๅฝผใฏไธญใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใฎ้Ÿณใฏ
09:44
"ah", we have to open widely to say that sound, in comparison to "cheese". "Cheese" is a wide
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ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€ใซๆฏ”ในใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ‚บใ€ใฏๅน…ใฎ
09:57
sound, our lips are spread wide, but for "say 'ah'" we're much more open in the shape.
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ๅบƒใ„้Ÿณใงใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ”‡ใฏๅคงใใๅบƒใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๅฝขใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:07
And the last vowel to learn, I find... This sound is very easy for me to remember, "oh",
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ... ใ“ใฎ ้Ÿณใฏ่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€็ตตใ‚’ๆใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ
10:17
but I find the symbol difficult to remember when I'm drawing it. So, it's a straight line
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ใ€่จ˜ๅทใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
10:27
and it's like a letter B, but without the tail at the top. And how I can remember this
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็›ด็ทšใงใ€B ใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ไธŠ้ƒจใซๅฐพใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
10:38
sound, "oh", is in the phrase "hot body bottom". It's like the Kim Kardashian of the phonemes,
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใ€ŒใŠใŠใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ใ€Œhot body bottomใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้Ÿณ็ด ใฎใ‚ญใƒ ใƒปใ‚ซใƒผใƒ€ใ‚ทใ‚ขใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใง
10:48
and this is its bottom, and high heel shoes, and it's... It's the... It's the sexy phoneme,
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใฎๅบ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ’ใƒผใƒซใฎ้ดใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ... ใใ‚Œใฏ... ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใช้Ÿณ็ด ใง
10:56
and we call it the hot body bottom.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒœใƒˆใƒ ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ ใพใ™.
10:59
Next we're going to learn the... How to remember the consonants and the diphthongs. Now let's
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ๆฌกใซ ใ€ๅญ้ŸณใจไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซ
11:05
look at the consonants. Here they are. The good thing about this is we don't need to
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ใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฎ ่‰ฏใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:10
learn all of them, because when the phoneme symbol looks like the letter, that's the way
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้Ÿณ็ด  ่จ˜ๅทใŒๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†
11:19
they sound. So we can forget about "p", "b", "t", "d", we can forget about all the ones
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ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œpใ€ใ€ใ€Œbใ€ใ€ ใ€Œtใ€ใ€ใ€Œdใ€ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œ
11:26
that we recognize already, and we'll just look at all these weird symbols that we don't
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ใฆใ€ใ™ใงใซ่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ€็†่งฃ ใงใใชใ„ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช่จ˜ๅทใ‚’ใŸใ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:32
understand.
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.
11:34
So we'll start with this one. This one is "ng", "ng", and we usually get it at the end
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œngใ€ใ€ใ€Œngใ€ใงใ€้€šๅธธ
11:43
of a word. "Sing", "sang", "sung". "Sing", "sang", "sung". And another word that can
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ใฏๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆญŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ๆญŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
11:52
help us to remember this one is the word "tongue", "tongue". When we say this sound, "ng", our
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ใ€Œ่ˆŒใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ่ˆŒใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ€Œใƒณใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฎ
12:01
tongue must go up to the back of our palate and... And close off there to stop any air
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่ˆŒใฏๅฃ่“‹ใฎๅฅฅใพใงไธŠใŒใ‚Šใ€ ใใ“ใ‚’้–‰ใ˜ใฆ็ฉบๆฐ—ใŒ
12:11
coming out. "Ng". So if you make that sound with me now, "ng", you'll feel your tongue
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ๅ‡บใฆใ“ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไปŠ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€Œใƒณใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใจใ€่ˆŒ
12:17
go up, and that can help you remember it. "Sing", "sang", "sung". To sing, "sang", "sung",
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ใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™. ใ€ŒๆญŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๆญŒใฃใŸใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใฃใŸใ€ใจๆญŒใ†ใซ
12:25
use your tongue.
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ใฏใ€่ˆŒใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:28
Now we have this one. Looks a little bit like a letter "s". Also sounds a little like a
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใฎใ€Œsใ€ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
12:38
letter "s", "sh", "sh", "sh", but sounds the "s" with the letter "h". It's in the word
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ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ€Œsใ€ใ€ใ€Œshใ€ใ€ใ€Œshใ€ใ€ใ€Œshใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฐ‘ใ—่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ€Œhใ€ใงใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
12:47
"shush", "sh", "sh", "sh".
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ใ€Œshushใ€ใ€ใ€Œshใ€ใ€ใ€Œshใ€ใ€ใ€Œshใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:53
Next we have the word... The phoneme "zh", "zh", "zh". This is a hard one to remember,
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...้Ÿณ็ด ใ€Œzhใ€ใ€ ใ€Œzhใ€ใ€ใ€Œzhใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™
13:03
but actually it's not in so many, so many words. It's not in that many common words,
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ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏ
13:10
so we're not going to see this one all the time. It's in the word "television", "television",
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ๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅธธใซ็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚ใ‚Š
13:18
"television". And I've shown it by a TV symbol with an "i" inside. This is the "vision" part.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใ‚’ไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸ TV ่จ˜ๅทใงใใ‚Œใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:30
"Vision". And I also show it here to help us remember the symbol. The shape here, which
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"ใƒดใ‚ฃใ‚ธใƒงใƒณ"ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚็คบใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“
13:39
is a little bit like a three, and the way I've drawn it here is like... Kind of like
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ใฎๅฝขใฏ 3 ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆใๆ–นใฏโ€ฆ
13:46
a nose and a mouth in a cartoon style, and we have the vision there as well. So whatever
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ๆผซ็”ป้ขจใฎ้ผปใจๅฃใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ ใใ“ใซใ‚‚ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:55
helps, if that helps you, remember this also.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:59
Next we have this symbol. This symbol has a name that many people know. These symbols
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใซใฏใ€ ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅๅ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใซ
14:09
also have names, but they're not ones that so many people would recognize. This symbol
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ใ‚‚ๅๅ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ่ช่ญ˜ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ๅท
14:15
is called "theta", "theta", so if that helps you remember "theta". It's also in the word
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ใฏใ€Œใ‚ทใƒผใ‚ฟใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒผใ‚ฟใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒผใ‚ฟใ€ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
14:24
"tooth", "tooth". When we make this sound, our tongue is next to our teeth, and we...
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ใ€Œๆญฏใ€ใ€Œๆญฏใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใจใใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ˆŒใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๆญฏใฎ้šฃใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
14:35
As we release air, we get the sound, the theta sound. So, what helps me remember is to visualize
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... ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ”พๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€้Ÿณใ€ใ‚ทใƒผใ‚ฟ ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎ
14:45
the shape of a tooth, and let's remind ourselves how the symbol looks. In a way, that's...
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ใฏใ€ๆญฏใฎๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ–่ฆšๅŒ–ใ—ใฆ ใ€่จ˜ๅทใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ...
14:53
That's one tooth, and that's the one at the bottom, so we can see that in our minds as
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ใใ‚Œใฏ 1 ใคใฎๆญฏ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็•ชไธ‹ใฎๆญฏ
15:00
well. Okay? It's in the word "tooth", and when I make that sound, my tongue is behind
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๆญฏใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใจ่ˆŒใŒ
15:08
my front teeth, and I release air.
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ๅ‰ๆญฏใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซๆฅใฆ ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:13
Now this one, this... See if you can follow me on this one. This is a very strange-looking
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ใ•ใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œโ€ฆ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹
15:23
symbol, and I was looking at trying to think of an image that could represent it or what
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กจ็พใงใใ‚‹็”ปๅƒใ€ใพใŸใฏ
15:34
it looks like, and the best I could think of was some kind of flying bug. So, here's
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
15:42
my flying bug, and to make this sound, we keep our tongue in the same position as theta,
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็งใฎ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹่™ซใงใ™ ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ ่ˆŒใ‚’ใ‚ทใƒผใ‚ฟใจๅŒใ˜ไฝ็ฝฎใซไฟใกใพใ™
15:51
but we voice this sound with vibrations instead of air, so this sound is "th", "th", "th",
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ็ฉบๆฐ—ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ๆŒฏๅ‹•ใง็™บๅฃฐใ™ใ‚‹ ใฎใง ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ "th", "th", "th" ใงใ™ ใ€
16:02
"th". So, imagine this bug, it's flying in a way... In a way that it's not a steady sound
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ใ€Œ็›ฎใ€ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ ใพใ™...ใ€Œthใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฎ‰ๅฎšใ—ใŸ้Ÿณใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏ
16:16
like this, "th", it's not like that. This bug is flying and then stopping, flying and
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ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ่™ซใฏ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ‹ใ‚‰ๆญขใพใฃใฆใ€้ฃ›ใ‚“
16:22
then stopping, and it sounds like "th", "th", "th", "th", "th", "th" with its little wings.
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ใงใ‹ใ‚‰ๆญขใพใฃ ใฆใ€ๅฐใ•ใช็พฝใงใ€Œthใ€ใ€Œthใ€ใ€Œthใ€ใ€Œthใ€ใ€Œthใ€ใ€Œthใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
16:32
And I remember it with the phrase "this rhythm", "th", "th", "th", "th". And again, this sound
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œthใ€ใ€ใ€Œthใ€ใ€ใ€Œthใ€ใ€ใ€Œthใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใง่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณ
16:44
is not in so many words, it's usually in grammar words like "this", "those". We don't have
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ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใฏใชใใ€้€šๅธธใฏ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใชใฉใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๅ˜่ชžใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ
16:54
hundreds and hundreds of words for this sound, so when we... When we learn it in the main
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ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใซไฝ•็™พใ‚‚ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€...
17:01
words that we find it, the grammar words, it helps us, we can recognize it more easily.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸไธป่ฆใชๅ˜่ชžใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ช่ญ˜ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
17:08
Now we have two symbols that are made up of two symbols together. This one and this one
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€2 ใคใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใŒใงใใพใ— ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใจ
17:22
are different to these because these are all just one. These sounds show us in their symbols
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ 1 ใคใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณ
17:32
that they're made up of two sounds together. Well, not really two sounds together, a blend,
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ใฏใ€2 ใคใฎ้Ÿณใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ˜ๅทใง็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ—
17:42
or they're close to that and close to that. So, this one is made up of the "th" and "sh",
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚„ใใ‚Œใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œthใ€ใจใ€Œshใ€ใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆ
17:49
but together it's "ch", "ch", "ch", "ch". And the word that always comes to my mind first
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ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€Œchใ€ใ€ใ€Œchใ€ใ€ใ€Œchใ€ใ€ใ€Œchใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ„ใคใ‚‚็œŸใฃๅ…ˆใซ้ ญใซๆตฎใ‹ใถ
17:57
of all is the word "chair", "chair", "chair", "chair". So, I've drawn the chair, and to
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่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œๆค…ๅญใ€ใ€Œๆค…ๅญใ€ใ€Œๆค…ๅญใ€ใ€Œๆค…ๅญใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆค…ๅญใ‚’ๆใใพใ—ใŸ
18:05
show that there's the two sounds in the "ch", I've put the "t" behind the chair and the
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œchใ€ใซ2ใคใฎ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใ‚’ๆค…ๅญใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซใ€
18:12
"sh" as if it's sitting on the chair.
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ใ€Œshใ€ ใ‚’ๆค…ๅญใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้…็ฝฎใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:16
And finally, we get to the last IPA symbol for consonants. This one is in my name, is
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ IPA ่จ˜ๅทใซๅˆฐ้”ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใงใ€
18:25
in the word "jade", "jade". This one is made up of "d" and also "zh", "zh", "zh". What
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ใ€Œ็ฟก็ฟ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็ฟก็ฟ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€Œdใ€ใจใ€Œzhใ€ใ€ใ€Œzhใ€ใ€ใ€Œzhใ€ใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:37
is really interesting to me about this sound is when I was... I suppose it can still happen
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ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ็งใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€็งใŒใ„ใŸ้ ƒใฎใ“ใจใงใ™... ไปŠใงใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
18:48
now, but it's more rare. When I was younger and I used to say my name to some people,
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใพใ‚Œใงใ™. ็งใŒ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒ ใ€ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅๅ‰
18:53
I would say... They would say, "What's your name?" I'd say, "Jade", and they would say
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ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒๅธธใงใ—ใŸ.ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๅๅ‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ็งใŒใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
18:57
back, "Dave". "Oh, no. Jade." And I didn't know at the time that the sound "zh" was made
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ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒ–ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ ใใฎๆ™‚ใฏใ€ใ€Œzhใ€ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใฎๅ…ƒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’
19:11
up from... You know, it's partially a letter, the sound "d", so that explains why if I said
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็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:20
the word "jade", if some people couldn't hear right, there was too much noise, they might
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ใƒŽใ‚คใ‚บใŒๅคšใ™ใŽใฆๆญฃใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใชใ‹ใฃใŸไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
19:26
have thought I said "d" instead. So we put those together, and then we get lots of words
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ใ€‚็งใŒใ€Œdใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€
19:35
with "zh" in it, such as "jade".
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ใ€Œjadeใ€ใชใฉใ€ใ€Œzhใ€ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅ‡บใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:39
And it's hard... I don't know how useful this part is. If you look at the head of "jade",
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ใใ—ใฆ้›ฃใ—ใ„โ€ฆ ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ฟก็ฟ ใ€ใฎ้ ญ
19:47
we also see a... We see this symbol in the head. Maybe that helps you. I don't know.
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจโ€ฆ ้ ญใฎไธญใซใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒœใƒซใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
19:56
So now we have the diphthongs. The diphthongs are really, really... I think they're really,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้ŸณใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณ ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ...
20:03
really hard to remember to associate the sound with the symbols. These come last, I would
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้Ÿณใจ่จ˜ๅทใ‚’้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„
20:14
say. Once you know all of these symbols and the vowels, then if you're still interested
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ˜ๅทใจๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ˜ๅท
20:22
to learn these ones, you'll just start to pick up gradually and slowly.
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ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅพใ€…ใซใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
20:29
This diagram, this drawing can help us remember, because here is included all the diphthongs
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ใ“ใฎๅ›ณใ€ใ“ใฎๅ›ณใฏ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ™ในใฆใฎไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้ŸณใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆ
20:37
of English, and his name is David Dip. "Dip" stands for "diphthong". That's his name. And
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ใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใฎๅๅ‰ใฏ David Dip ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ ใฏใ€ŒไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€ใฎ็•ฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใฎๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
20:48
all the parts of his face have a diphthong sound in them. Here's his hair, "air", "air".
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ใ€ๅฝผใฎ้ก”ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ ้ŸณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใฎ้ซชใ€ใ€Œ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:57
That's David's hair, "air". Here's David's ear, "ear", "ear", "ear". Here's David's mouth,
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎ้ซชใ€ใ€Œ็ฉบๆฐ—ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใŒใƒ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใฎ ่€ณใ€ใ€Œ่€ณใ€ใ€Œ่€ณใ€ใ€Œ่€ณใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎๅฃใงใ™ใ€
21:09
"ow", "ow", "ow". And here's David's nose, "ow", "ow", "ow". So we... Now we've got one,
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ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎ้ผปใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใฏ 1 ใคใ€
21:24
two, three, four diphthongs, but there are more. You are David Dip, the curious boy.
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2 ใคใ€3 ใคใ€4 ใคใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒๆ—บ็››ใช็”ทใฎๅญใ€ใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:35
Start off with "you". "You" is not actually classified as a diphthong. It is made up of
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€ŒYouใ€ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใฏไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใซๅˆ†้กžใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:45
two sounds, "you", "you", and because it's a common sound in English, for example in
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ใ€Œyouใ€ใ€Œyouใ€ใจใ„ใ†2ใคใฎ้Ÿณใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹้Ÿณใชใฎใงใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐ
21:54
the word "you", it's useful for us to learn, so that's why it's here. "You", "you". You
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ใ€Œyouใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใงใฏใ€ๅญฆใถใฎใซ ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
21:59
are David, "eh", "eh", "eh" in the name David. He's David, "eh". The curious boy, "uh", "uh",
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ใฏใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใงใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ใ€‚ ๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒๆ—บ็››ใชๅฐ‘ๅนดใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€
22:16
"uh". Curious, "uh". This phoneme is not a very common one. It's only in a few words
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ใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใ€‚ ๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒๆ—บ็››ใ€ใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณ็ด ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใปใ‚“ใฎๆ•ฐๅ˜่ชžใช
22:23
in English, so don't worry too much about it. You're not going to see it all the time.
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ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:30
You can just learn the common words it's in. Curious, "curious". And finally, we have "oy",
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒๆ—บ็››ใ€ใ€Œๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒใ€ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œใ‚ชใ‚คใ€
22:39
"oy". It's in the word "boy", "oy". He's David, the curious boy.
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ใ€Œใ‚ชใ‚คใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฐ‘ๅนดใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใ‚คใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒๆ—บ็››ใชๅฐ‘ๅนดใ€ใƒ‡ใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:50
So there we are, all the symbols in IPA for you to remember. What you can do now is watch
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ IPA ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ˜ๅท ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง
22:58
my other videos on learning the phonemes in English. Thanks for watching. Bye.
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้Ÿณ็ด ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎไป–ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ . ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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