Who is in charge? - Causative Verbs in English

221,377 views ใƒป 2014-10-05

English Jade


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi, everyone. I'm Jade. What we're talking about today is causative verbs. And this is
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไฝฟๅฝนๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
00:06
a different structure we use in sentences when it's important to show authority and
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ใ€ ๆจฉๅจใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Š
00:12
important to show someone who's deciding an action. So how I'm going to introduce these
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ใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆง‹้€  ใงใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ดนไป‹
00:17
verbs to you is to show you some example sentences first. Some are in the causative structure;
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ใพใšไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏๅŽŸๅ› ๆง‹้€ ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
some are not in the causative structure. So let's have a look.
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ๅŽŸๅ› ๆง‹้€ ใซใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:27
Sentence No. 1, "John cleans the windows for me." That's the structure you already know.
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ๆ–‡ 1ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใŒ็ช“ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใฆ ใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใงใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:33
What's important in this sentence is the subject, John. He's the man cleaning the windows. Okay.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใง้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏไธป่ชžใ€ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็ช“ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็”ทใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
00:41
You know that. It's easy.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:43
Sentence 2, "I have John clean the windows for me." This is the introduction to the causative
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ๆ–‡ 2ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซ็ช“ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใฆ ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅŽŸๅ› 
00:50
structure. We've got causative have. What's different about this sentence? "John" is now
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ๆง‹้€ ใฎ็ดนไป‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ› ๆžœ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€ŒJohnใ€
00:57
in the object position, and "I" is in the subject position. So what's different about
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ใฏ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒIใ€ใฏ ไธป่ชžใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้•ใ†ใฎ
01:05
this is -- we still know that John is cleaning the windows, but what's different is you are
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใŒ็ช“ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใพใ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้•ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พ
01:15
becoming important because you have the authority to make that happen. So it gives us a little
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๆจฉ้™ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้‡่ฆใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
01:21
bit more information about what's important here.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:26
Let's have a look at No. 3. "I have the windows cleaned." What's missing in this sentence
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No.3ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œ็ช“ใ‚’ ใใ‚Œใ„ใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซๆฌ ใ‘
01:33
is we don't know who's doing the cleaning anymore. It's not important because we don't
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€่ชฐใŒๆŽƒ้™คใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฎๅๅ‰ใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:39
have John's name here. So something is missing in this one. No. 4, "I get John to clean the
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ No. 4ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซ็ช“ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„
01:47
windows." This structure is causative get, and we can use it in the same way as causative
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏไฝฟๅฝนใฎ get ใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ไฝฟๅฝนใฎ
01:55
have -- the same way as this. And again, it's like an order or a task John is given to do,
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have ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ‘ฝไปคใพใŸใฏไปปๅ‹™ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใง
02:04
and you have the authority to make that happen.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๆจฉ้™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
No. 5, "I make John clean the windows." Then you really -- you're not being very nice to
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No.5ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซ็ช“ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝผใซๅ„ชใ—ใใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
02:15
him. You're forcing him. And poor John has no choice. You've got to be his boss, maybe
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚’ๅผทๅˆถใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฏๅ“€ๆƒณใชใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซใฏ ้ธๆŠžใฎไฝ™ๅœฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใฎไธŠๅธใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝผใฎๅฆปใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:22
his wife. I don't know, but you're not being very nice to him.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใซใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:26
And let's have a look at No. 6. This is causative let. And we use this for permission. "I let
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6็•ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝฟๅฝน letใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จฑๅฏใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ
02:35
John clean the windows for me." What does that mean? He's begging you. He's saying,
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใซ็ช“ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ‡‡้ก˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€
02:40
"Please. Can I come and clean your windows?" So you can see they have different meanings
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ใ€ŒใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ช“ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใซๆฅใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
02:46
here. But what we're going to do in the next part of the lesson is look at the structure
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆฌกใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡
02:51
you need to use to build that kind of sentence.
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ใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ .
02:55
But before we get there, when can you use causative structures? Well, you need to have
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ“ใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใๅ‰ใซใ€ใ„ใคไฝฟๅฝนๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ‹?
03:01
some kind of authority relationship. So you need, like, a boss and an employee or a teacher
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ใชใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆจฉ้™้–ขไฟ‚ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ไธŠๅธใจๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ•™ๅธซ
03:11
and a pupil, okay? Or you need a parent and a child. Otherwise, the causative structure's
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ใจ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€่ฆชใจๅญใŒๅฟ…่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใ‚‹ๆง‹้€ 
03:18
just not going to work. You can't say to your colleague, "I make my colleague bring me tea."
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ใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅŒๅƒšใซใ€Œ็งใฏๅŒๅƒšใซใŠ่Œถใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅŒๅƒš
03:29
You probably can't say that unless you bully your colleague. It's not going to work.
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ใ‚’ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ . ใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:34
So let's start by looking at the structure now. Causative have and get are the same structure
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใšใฏๆง‹้€ ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไฝฟๅฝนใฎ have ใจ get ใฏใ€
03:43
for this meaning. So you choose "have" or "get" and then your object and then a past
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ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงๅŒใ˜ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Œgetใ€ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใจ้ŽๅŽป
03:51
participle. And what's useful to remember about this? Wherever you have a job done in
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ๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใจไพฟๅˆฉใชใ“ใจใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹? ๅฎถใฎไธญใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚
03:59
your house -- you have something fixed or your car fixed or something redesigned or
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- ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฟฎ็†ใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€่ปŠใ‚’ไฟฎ็†ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฎถใฎไธญใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ†่จญ่จˆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
04:04
something changed in your house -- you use this causative structure. So here are some
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ - ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎๅ› ๆžœๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ . ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ
04:09
examples. "She had the kitchen redecorated." "I'm getting the car fixed." So you can use
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ไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใ‚’ๆ”น่ฃ…ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ปŠใ‚’ไฟฎ็†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใฎใŸใ‚
04:17
it in the different tenses as well.
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ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒ
04:19
Let's have a look at the other causative structures that you need to know. So we've got causative
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๅŽŸๅ› ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† . ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใ‚‹ get ใŒๅพ—
04:24
get. And this is a different meaning, this one. We use this one when you want to persuade
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ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€‚
04:30
someone or -- no, when you have persuaded someone to do something. So for example, "I
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใ‚„ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†่ชฌๅพ—ใ—ใŸ ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
04:36
got Tom to lend me some money." He didn't want to lend you some money, but you spoke
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ๅฝผใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใใ†ใจใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
04:41
to him nicely; you did some sweet talk, and you got him to lend you some money. So that
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ๅฝผใซใ†ใพใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็”˜ใ„่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’
04:47
means persuaded him to do something for you.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฝผใ‚’่ชฌๅพ—ใ—ใŸ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:51
Here's another example. "We got them to reduce the price." Perhaps you're in a shop. You're
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ€คไธ‹ใ’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅบ—ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
04:55
an angry customer, a displeased customer. You got them to reduce the price. "Reduce
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ใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้กงๅฎขใ€ไธๆฉŸๅซŒใช้กงๅฎขใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ€คไธ‹ใ’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ
05:01
the price or I'm not buying it." And somehow, you managed it. So that's causative get. It's
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ๅ€คไธ‹ใ’ใ—ใชใ„ใจ่ฒทใ‚ใชใ„ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใ‹ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฎก็†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใ‚‹getใงใ™ใ€‚
05:08
get + object + to infinitive. So here's "get"; "Tom" is the object; there is "to", so infinitive
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get + object + to ไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œๅ–ๅพ—ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ ใ€ใŒใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉž
05:18
and verb. "I got Tom to lend me some money." There's the structure. And it's different
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ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใใ“ใŒๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
05:23
to the other structure that we just looked at because in that other structure, we don't
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่ฆ‹ใŸไป–ใฎๆง‹้€ ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใฏ
05:27
have "to" there. So it's different.
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ใใ“ใซใ€Œtoใ€ใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้•ใ†ใ€‚
05:29
Let's look now at causative make and let. Remember that "make" means "force someone",
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใ‚‹ใƒกใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ "make" ใฏ "่ชฐใ‹ใซๅผทๅˆถใ™ใ‚‹" ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง
05:40
and "let" means to do with permission -- give someone permission. Let's have a look at the
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ใ€"let" ใฏ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:49
sentences. "Mum made me eat my vegetables." So a child would probably say this. The child
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒžใƒžใฏ็งใซ็งใฎ้‡Ž่œใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญไพ›ใฏใใฃใจใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ๅญไพ›
06:00
is being forced to eat vegetables. "Make", object is "me", and this time the verb, but
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ใฏ้‡Ž่œใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไฝœใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฏใ€Œ็งใ€ใงใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒ
06:09
no "to". "Mum made me eat my vegetables."
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ใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒžใƒžใฏ็ง ใซ็งใฎ้‡Ž่œใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚ใ€
06:12
Another example. "My boss makes us work late." You have no choice. It's probably illegal
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚’้…ใใพใงๅƒใ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
06:22
if that's not in your contract.
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ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฅ‘็ด„ใซใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ้•ๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:25
Next example. These ones are with "let". "My parents don't let me eat junk food." If you
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œletใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฎ ไธก่ฆชใฏ็งใซใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
06:31
want to make it negative, the negative goes before your verb there, before your "let".
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ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œletใ€ใฎๅ‰ใซๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:38
"My patients don't let me eat junk food."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆ‚ฃ่€…ใฏ ็งใซใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
06:41
And the last example, "Tom let Sarah leave the office early." Tom has the authority to
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ ใฏใ‚ตใƒฉใ‚’ๆ—ฉใ้€€็คพใ•ใ›ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใƒˆใƒ ใฏใ€
06:48
decide if Sarah can leave now or later or early. So there you go.
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ใ‚ตใƒฉใŒไปŠใ™ใๅ‡บ็™บใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅพŒใงๅ‡บ็™บใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๆ—ฉใๅ‡บ็™บใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๆจฉ้™ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
06:55
You can use these causative structures whenever you have someone in a position of authority
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ๆจฉๅจใฎใ‚ใ‚‹็ซ‹ๅ ดใซ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ„ใฆ
07:03
and stuff happens because they need to persuade someone to do something or force someone to
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ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฌๅพ—ใ—
07:10
do something or permit someone to do something. So this is a new structure for you to be using
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŽŸๅ› ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™
07:16
in your English.
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ใ€‚
07:17
What you can do now is go to the EngVid website and do the quiz on this just to make sure
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ไปŠใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€EngVid Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚น ใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ„
07:22
you've got the grammar fixed in your mind, you know where to use a "to", where not to
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ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒ้ ญใฎไธญใงๅ›บๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใจใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
07:27
use a "to" in these structures. But before you go there, I'd really appreciate it if
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใใ“ใซ่กŒใๅ‰ใซใ€
07:32
you subscribed here on my EngVid channel. And that's it. So come back and watch more
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ใ“ใ“ใง็งใฎ EngVid ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ใใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ€
07:40
videos with me soon. And I'll see you later. Bye.
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸ ๅพŒใงไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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