English Grammar: How to use TO with transitive verbs

159,823 views ใƒป 2015-05-25

English Jade


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hello, everyone. I'm Jade. What we're looking at today is "verb" + "to". These are... You
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉžใ€+ใ€Œtoใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ...
00:08
could call them a group of verbs, and they always need to have "to" after them, plus
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ๅพŒใซใฏๅธธใซใ€Œtoใ€
00:14
they always need to have an object. And the reason they need to have an object is because
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ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใช็†็”ฑใฏใ€
00:19
they're transitive verbs. And that's a grammar word that means: this verb needs to have an
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•็”จ่ชžใงใ™: ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซใฏ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:25
object, otherwise it's incorrect and it's not good English.
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ใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ ใชใใ€่‰ฏใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
00:30
So we're looking at some of the verbs that I come across a lot that people get wrong.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ ็งใŒใ‚ˆใ้ญ้‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ชค่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:36
So they're using... They're not using a "to" when they use that verb, and we're looking
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹...ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใซใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’
00:41
at that. So, let's start and check how much you actually know with a couple of sentences.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใงๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
00:48
So, our first sentence: "He phoned to me." What do you think about that one? Is that
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†
00:54
right? Is that one wrong? Well, "phone" is not in this group of verbs. It's not a transitive
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ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ้›ป่ฉฑใ€ ใฏใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:03
verb. We don't need "to" with that one. Now it's correct. "He phoned me."
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใฏใ€Œtoใ€ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปŠใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:10
What about this one? "I need to speak to him." How is that one? Is that one good English?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผใจ่ฉฑใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:19
"I need to speak..." This one... This bit's okay. This is not "verb" + "to" here. This
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ฉฑใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ... ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใฏ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉžใ€+ใ€Œtoใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
01:24
is just the infinitive. When we have one verb, and then we're following it with another verb
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ใฏใพใ•ใซไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ 1 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉž
01:31
in the present simple, that's why that "to" is there. That's not what we're talking about.
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ใŒ็พๅœจๅฝขใง็ถšใๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎใ€Œtoใ€ใŒ ๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:37
But after "speak", is it right here? Yes. In this example it's right. But I'm a very
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ‚ใจใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใใ“ใง
01:44
naughty person, because I didn't put a full stop there. There should be a full stop there.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆญขใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ‚“ใกใ‚ƒใชไบบใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅœๆญขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
01:51
And let's look at this example: "Who am I speaking to?" Or sometimes: "Whom am I speaking
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ชฐใจ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใพใŸใฏๆ™‚ใ€…๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ่ชฐใจ่ฉฑ
02:00
to?" What about this one? Is this one correct? Yeah, they're both correct. In speech, you'll
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใˆใˆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏใ€
02:09
probably hear: "Who am I speaking to?" But formally, it would be: "Whom" with an "m"
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œ็งใฏ่ชฐใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๆญฃๅผใซใฏใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใ€ใซใ€Œmใ€ใ‚’
02:17
written out, or sometimes said in speech that way.
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ๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ™ใ‹ใ€ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:21
So now, let's look at examples of "verb" + "to". These are all verbs that you should
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉžใ€+ใ€Œtoใ€ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ
02:31
be using with "to" after them. And what I usually observe is people using these verbs,
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ๅพŒใซใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็ง ใŒใ‚ˆใ่ฆณๅฏŸใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใงใ™
02:38
but without the "to", and it doesn't sound right then. So let's look at some example sentences.
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒใชใใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:44
"Speak to": "I don't speak to Sarah." And notice how the "to" doesn't sound like "to"
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ใ€Œ่ฉฑใ™ใ€๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ตใƒฉใจใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒใ€Œtoใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใชใใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
02:53
anymore. "I don't speak to Sarah." It just becomes a schwa. We don't... We don't say
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ตใƒฉใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“... ็งใŸใกใฏ
02:59
it like the individual word itself.
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ใ€ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎๅ˜่ชž่‡ชไฝ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
03:02
Next example. "Talk to": "Talk to them for me." Don't know what accent that was; it just
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฉฑใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
03:09
kind of came out. Yeah, we talk to someone, we need an object.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ‡บใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€็งใŸใก ใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:15
"Listen to", this is very good advice for all people: "You should listen to me." It'd
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ใ€Œ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚น ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎ
03:23
be worth it. Trust me. Here's a gap. Nothing to learn here.
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ไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงๅญฆใถใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:29
But now we've got "reply to": "I'm sure he'll reply to us." I almost put: "I'm sure he'll
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠใงใฏใ€Œ่ฟ”ไฟกๅ…ˆใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใใฃใจๅฝผใฏ ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใฃใจๅฝผใฏ
03:38
reply to me", and then it felt a bit personal, so I put "us" there.
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่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจๅ…ฅใ‚Œใใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŒใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใจๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:43
Next example, "write to", you always write to someone, but what I commonly hear people
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใฎ "write to" ใฏใ€ ใ„ใคใ‚‚่ชฐใ‹ใซๆ›ธใใพใ™ใŒ
03:52
not using "to" with this one. "I'll write to them a.s.a.p." Clever points for you if
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ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€"to" ใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ไบบใŒใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:59
you know what that means. That means "as soon as possible".
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€่ณขใ„ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:04
And "belong to": "Excuse me, does this belong to you?" You don't want to have someone come
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๆ‰€ๅฑžใ€๏ผšใ€Œใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆฅ
04:14
up to you and ask you that at the train station. You get in trouble in England for that.
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ใฆใ€้ง…ใงใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใƒˆใƒฉใƒ–ใƒซใซๅทปใ่พผใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:20
When we come back, we're going to look at some more examples of "verb" + "to".
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ๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉžใ€+ใ€Œtoใ€ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:27
Let's take a look at common errors with "verb" + "to". So with these... These verbs here,
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ใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉžใ€+ใ€Œtoใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸๅ‹•่ฉžใจ
04:36
even though they feel like or seem like they're similar to the verbs that we looked at before
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ไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใŒ
04:43
because they're to do with communication, these ones don't take "to". So sometimes I'm
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ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…็งใฏ
04:50
observing mistakes with these verbs, and that's what I want you to know.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆณๅฏŸ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:54
So in our example sentences, these are all wrong. We need to make changes.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ™ในใฆ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:58
"I phone to him." No "to". We don't need "to".
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใธใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:05
"She called to me." No "to". You're starting to get it now - no "to".
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใธใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™-ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€Œใซใ€ใ€‚
05:12
"We emailed to them." No "to".
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใธใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:18
"They won't answer to us." Again, no "to".
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ็งใŸใกใซ็ญ”ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใธใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:24
"Will you ask to Sarah?" Again, no "to". We don't need "to" with these verbs.
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ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒฉใซ้ ผใ‚€๏ผŸใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใธใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ€Œtoใ€ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:31
What else is there to know? Well, if you... If you want to speak American English, know
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ไป–ใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
05:40
that there's an exception. In British English, we can't say this. "He wrote me." Can't say
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ใ€ไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใง ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›
05:47
that; doesn't work in British English. But in colloquial/informal American English, it's
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅฃ่ชž็š„/้žๅ…ฌๅผใชใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ
05:53
okay. And I just want to point out one that I'm hearing a lot: "They replied me." It's
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ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ 1 ใคใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใซ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€
06:00
not okay in British English and it's not okay in American English either. Maybe... Maybe
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚‚ใƒ€ใƒกใงใ™ ใ—ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚‚ใƒ€ใƒกใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšๅˆ†... ใŸใถใ‚“
06:05
language is evolving a bit, and that's why people are saying it, but as it stands - not
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่จ€่ชžใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้€ฒๅŒ–ใ— ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็พ็Šถใงใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:10
okay. I hear this one quite a lot.
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. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:12
When we come back, we're taking a look at making questions with "verb" + "to".
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ๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉžใ€+ใ€Œtoใ€ใง่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:20
One issue you should know about "verb" + "to" is that when we do questions, some people
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ใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉžใ€+ใ€Œtoใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใๅ•้กŒใฎ 1 ใค ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
06:25
don't like it. Some people don't like it to say: "Who is he speaking to?" For them, it's
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ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ชฐใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
06:31
really ugly. They don't like it. But there's a way to avoid it. If you want to avoid it,
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้†œใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใŸใ„
06:39
you have to change the position of your sentence. So, "to" goes from the end to the beginning,
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅˆใพใง็ถšใ
06:51
and importantly, then you need to change your pronoun. So "who" has to change to be "whom".
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ใพใ™ใ€‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใซใ€ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œ่ชฐใ€ใซๅค‰ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
07:01
When this pronoun is in the object position of a sentence, that's when we add the "m".
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ใ“ใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใŒๆ–‡ใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฎไฝ็ฝฎ ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œmใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
Anyway, you don't really need to worry about the grammar, the why, because it's confusing
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚„ใใฎ็†็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅคšใใฎไบบ
07:15
when I talk about object and subject for a lot of people who don't know about grammar.
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ใซใจใฃใฆ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใจไธป่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:19
All you need to do is just learn how to rearrange it. So you move "to" to the beginning, and
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ†้…็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใ ใ‘ ใงใ™. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใ€
07:24
then it's always "To whom", and then you finish the rest of the words. And that way, you don't
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ใใฎๅพŒใฏๅธธใซใ€ŒTo whoใ€ใซใชใ‚Š ใ€ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ
07:31
have "to" at the end. In informal or neutral speech, this is really common. People will
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œtoใ€ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้žๅ…ฌๅผใพใŸใฏไธญ็ซ‹็š„ใช ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใฏ
07:40
say this, but it can be seen as inelegant or not very sophisticated if you write it.
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ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆด—็ทดใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:49
I probably wouldn't write it myself. Yeah, maybe in chat or something, but not in...
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ๅคšๅˆ†่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใฏๆ›ธใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€ ใŸใถใ‚“ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ€ใงใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏ
07:56
Not in a proper letter or something.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“... ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
08:00
Here's another. Here's another example. Let's see here: "Who did you write to?" Well, we
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ใ€Œ่ชฐใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“
08:08
don't want to finish with "to", so we need to rearrange. Again, it comes to be "To whom",
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ใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไธฆในๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใซใ€ใซ
08:16
that's easy; we just did the same. "To whom did you write?" And the verb, the main verb
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ชฐใซ ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธปๅ‹•่ฉž
08:24
goes at the end. The auxiliary verb is next to "whom", so we just change the order like that.
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ใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ใ€Œwhoใ€ใฎ้šฃใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ †็•ชใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:32
That's all I'm going to tell you about "verb" + "to". If you want to do more practice, please
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ใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉžใ€+ใ€Œtoใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
08:39
go to the EngVid website. You can do a quiz, 10 questions in a quiz, and that way, you
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ใฏใ€EngVid ใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ 10 ๅ€‹ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
08:46
know next time you need to use these verbs-"speak to", "talk to", all those verbs-you know that
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ๆฌกใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚"speak to"ใ€"talk to"ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ™ในใฆ
08:53
you're saying them in the right way; you're using "to" when it's needed, and in those
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•; ๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใซใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
08:58
exceptions that I mentioned to you, you know you're not using "to" where it doesn't belong.
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸไพ‹ๅค–ใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œtoใ€ใŒๅฑžใ•ใชใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใฏใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:04
If you like this lesson, I'd really appreciate it if you subscribe to the channel. And have
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจๅคงๅค‰ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
09:11
I mentioned everything? I think I mentioned everything. So that's all I'm going to talk about today.
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็งใฏใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:16
Please come back and watch me again. And yeah, until next time. Bye.
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ๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็งใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใˆใˆใ€ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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