English Grammar: How to use TO with transitive verbs

160,224 views ใƒป 2015-05-25

English Jade


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hello, everyone. I'm Jade. What we're looking at today is "verb" + "to". These are... You
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์ œ์ด๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์€ "๋™์‚ฌ" + "to"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€... ๋‹น์‹ ์€
00:08
could call them a group of verbs, and they always need to have "to" after them, plus
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— "to"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
00:14
they always need to have an object. And the reason they need to have an object is because
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
00:19
they're transitive verbs. And that's a grammar word that means: this verb needs to have an
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ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:25
object, otherwise it's incorrect and it's not good English.
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
So we're looking at some of the verbs that I come across a lot that people get wrong.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
So they're using... They're not using a "to" when they use that verb, and we're looking
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ "to"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:41
at that. So, let's start and check how much you actually know with a couple of sentences.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:48
So, our first sentence: "He phoned to me." What do you think about that one? Is that
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ "๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
00:54
right? Is that one wrong? Well, "phone" is not in this group of verbs. It's not a transitive
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์Œ, "์ „ํ™”"๋Š” ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:03
verb. We don't need "to" with that one. Now it's correct. "He phoned me."
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "to"๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์–ด."
01:10
What about this one? "I need to speak to him." How is that one? Is that one good English?
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ? "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค." ์ €๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ? ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ข‹์€ ์˜์–ด์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:19
"I need to speak..." This one... This bit's okay. This is not "verb" + "to" here. This
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"๋งํ•  ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด..." ์ด๊ฑด... ์ด ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "๋™์‚ฌ" + "to"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
01:24
is just the infinitive. When we have one verb, and then we're following it with another verb
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ
01:31
in the present simple, that's why that "to" is there. That's not what we're talking about.
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, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด "to"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
But after "speak", is it right here? Yes. In this example it's right. But I'm a very
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "speak" ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์˜ˆ. ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
01:44
naughty person, because I didn't put a full stop there. There should be a full stop there.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋ชป๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
And let's look at this example: "Who am I speaking to?" Or sometimes: "Whom am I speaking
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค: "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ?" ๋˜๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ: "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ
02:00
to?" What about this one? Is this one correct? Yeah, they're both correct. In speech, you'll
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์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€?" ์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ? ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋‚˜์š”? ๋„ค, ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:09
probably hear: "Who am I speaking to?" But formally, it would be: "Whom" with an "m"
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ?"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” "Whom"์— "m"์ด
02:17
written out, or sometimes said in speech that way.
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์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
So now, let's look at examples of "verb" + "to". These are all verbs that you should
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์ด์ œ "๋™์‚ฌ" + "to"์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
02:31
be using with "to" after them. And what I usually observe is people using these verbs,
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๋’ค์— "to"์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
02:38
but without the "to", and it doesn't sound right then. So let's look at some example sentences.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "to" ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
"Speak to": "I don't speak to Sarah." And notice how the "to" doesn't sound like "to"
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"Speak to": "์ €๋Š” Sarah์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "to"๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ "to"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”
02:53
anymore. "I don't speak to Sarah." It just becomes a schwa. We don't... We don't say
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. "๋‚˜๋Š” Sarah์™€ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์Šˆ์™€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”...
02:59
it like the individual word itself.
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๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ž์ฒด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Next example. "Talk to": "Talk to them for me." Don't know what accent that was; it just
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ. "Talk to": "๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ." ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์•…์„ผํŠธ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
kind of came out. Yeah, we talk to someone, we need an object.
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์ •๋„๋งŒ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
"Listen to", this is very good advice for all people: "You should listen to me." It'd
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"๋“ค์–ด๋ด", ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์ถฉ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•œ
03:23
be worth it. Trust me. Here's a gap. Nothing to learn here.
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๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚  ๋ฏฟ์–ด. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ‹ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
But now we've got "reply to": "I'm sure he'll reply to us." I almost put: "I'm sure he'll
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "reply to"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ๋‚˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๊ฐ€
03:38
reply to me", and then it felt a bit personal, so I put "us" there.
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ"๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Next example, "write to", you always write to someone, but what I commonly hear people
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์ธ "write to"๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:52
not using "to" with this one. "I'll write to them a.s.a.p." Clever points for you if
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” "to"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ํžˆ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:59
you know what that means. That means "as soon as possible".
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, "๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
And "belong to": "Excuse me, does this belong to you?" You don't want to have someone come
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์†ํ•˜๋‹ค": "์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
04:14
up to you and ask you that at the train station. You get in trouble in England for that.
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ
04:20
When we come back, we're going to look at some more examples of "verb" + "to".
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๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ "๋™์‚ฌ" + "to"์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
Let's take a look at common errors with "verb" + "to". So with these... These verbs here,
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"๋™์‚ฌ" + "to"์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜... ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:36
even though they feel like or seem like they're similar to the verbs that we looked at before
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋А๊ปด์ง€์ง€๋งŒ
04:43
because they're to do with communication, these ones don't take "to". So sometimes I'm
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"to"๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ €๋Š”
04:50
observing mistakes with these verbs, and that's what I want you to know.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ์•„์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
So in our example sentences, these are all wrong. We need to make changes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
"I phone to him." No "to". We don't need "to".
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค." "์—"๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "to"๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
"She called to me." No "to". You're starting to get it now - no "to".
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"๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์–ด." "์—"๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "to"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
"We emailed to them." No "to".
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "์—"๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
"They won't answer to us." Again, no "to".
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "to"๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
"Will you ask to Sarah?" Again, no "to". We don't need "to" with these verbs.
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"์‚ฌ๋ผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ๋ž˜?" ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "to"๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” "to"๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
What else is there to know? Well, if you... If you want to speak American English, know
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๋˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Œ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด... ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:40
that there's an exception. In British English, we can't say this. "He wrote me." Can't say
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์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”. ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ผ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:47
that; doesn't work in British English. But in colloquial/informal American English, it's
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. ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด/๋น„๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
05:53
okay. And I just want to point out one that I'm hearing a lot: "They replied me." It's
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:00
not okay in British English and it's not okay in American English either. Maybe... Maybe
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด... ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด
06:05
language is evolving a bit, and that's why people are saying it, but as it stands - not
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ๋Š”
06:10
okay. I hear this one quite a lot.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค.
06:12
When we come back, we're taking a look at making questions with "verb" + "to".
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๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ "๋™์‚ฌ" + "to"๋กœ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
One issue you should know about "verb" + "to" is that when we do questions, some people
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"๋™์‚ฌ" + "to"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
06:25
don't like it. Some people don't like it to say: "Who is he speaking to?" For them, it's
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
06:31
really ugly. They don't like it. But there's a way to avoid it. If you want to avoid it,
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์ •๋ง ์ถ”์•…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:39
you have to change the position of your sentence. So, "to" goes from the end to the beginning,
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "to"๋Š” ๋์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:51
and importantly, then you need to change your pronoun. So "who" has to change to be "whom".
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"๋Š” "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ"๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
When this pronoun is in the object position of a sentence, that's when we add the "m".
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์ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ "m"์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Anyway, you don't really need to worry about the grammar, the why, because it's confusing
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์–ด์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์™œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:15
when I talk about object and subject for a lot of people who don't know about grammar.
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์™€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:19
All you need to do is just learn how to rearrange it. So you move "to" to the beginning, and
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์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ "to"๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:24
then it's always "To whom", and then you finish the rest of the words. And that way, you don't
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ํ•ญ์ƒ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ"๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
07:31
have "to" at the end. In informal or neutral speech, this is really common. People will
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๋์— "to"๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
07:40
say this, but it can be seen as inelegant or not very sophisticated if you write it.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ์„ธ๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
I probably wouldn't write it myself. Yeah, maybe in chat or something, but not in...
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์ฑ„ํŒ…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ...
07:56
Not in a proper letter or something.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ํŽธ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋ญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ.
08:00
Here's another. Here's another example. Let's see here: "Who did you write to?" Well, we
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:08
don't want to finish with "to", so we need to rearrange. Again, it comes to be "To whom",
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"to"๋กœ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฌ์ •๋ ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€
08:16
that's easy; we just did the same. "To whom did you write?" And the verb, the main verb
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์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
08:24
goes at the end. The auxiliary verb is next to "whom", so we just change the order like that.
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๋์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ "whom" ์˜†์— ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
That's all I'm going to tell you about "verb" + "to". If you want to do more practice, please
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด "๋™์‚ฌ" + "to"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:39
go to the EngVid website. You can do a quiz, 10 questions in a quiz, and that way, you
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EngVid ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์— 10๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ
08:46
know next time you need to use these verbs-"speak to", "talk to", all those verbs-you know that
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๋‹ค์Œ์— "speak to", "talk to"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ "speak to", "talk to"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
you're saying them in the right way; you're using "to" when it's needed, and in those
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์˜ณ์€ ๊ธธ; ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ "to"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:58
exceptions that I mentioned to you, you know you're not using "to" where it doesn't belong.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋“ค์—์„œ, ๋‹น์‹  ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณณ์— "to"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
If you like this lesson, I'd really appreciate it if you subscribe to the channel. And have
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:11
I mentioned everything? I think I mentioned everything. So that's all I'm going to talk about today.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ
09:16
Please come back and watch me again. And yeah, until next time. Bye.
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๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค, ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€. ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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