Vehicles and Machines Advanced English Listening Practice - Say It Like A Native

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2019-12-23 ใƒป EnglishAnyone


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Vehicles and Machines Advanced English Listening Practice - Say It Like A Native

22,422 views ใƒป 2019-12-23

EnglishAnyone


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Our first word is fictional. Fictional. When something is fiction, itโ€™s not real in the
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆžถ็ฉบใฎใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
00:06
sense that maybe you can talk about a dog being a real animal but a dragon being a fictional
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ใ€็Šฌ ใฏๅฎŸๅœจใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚ดใƒณใฏๆžถ็ฉบใฎ
00:13
animal. So, a dinosaur would be a real animal even though it might look like a dragon. But
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ๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ็ซœใฏ ใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚ดใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
00:17
it just means something thatโ€™s maybe an idea or not an actual thing, a real thing.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™.
00:22
So, this is where we get books from fiction and non-fiction. So, non-fiction just talks
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ใƒŽใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœฌใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒŽใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจใฏ
00:28
about maybe biographies or history books or other things, maybe a self-help book. So,
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ใ€ไผ่จ˜ใ‚„ๆญดๅฒใฎๆœฌใชใฉ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ่‡ชๅŠฉใฎๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
00:34
information thatโ€™s supposed to be practical or true or real. So, fictional is the opposite
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ๅฎŸ็”จ็š„ใ€็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใพใŸใฏ็พๅฎŸ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใใฎ
00:39
of that. A fiction. Fiction.
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ๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€‚
00:42
Next, hydraulic and pneumatic. You will hear the word hydraulic when weโ€™re talking about
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆฒนๅœงใจ็ฉบๅœงใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง่ปŠ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆฒนๅœงใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใฆใใพใ™
00:47
cars in the Master Class video. Uh, pneumatic will not be in there, but I thought that was
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใƒผใ€็ฉบๅœง ใฏๅ…ฅใฃใฆใชใ„ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
00:52
a good word just because itโ€™s another thing related to this.
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ใ„ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใŸ ใ€‚
00:55
When youโ€™re thinking about using energy or some kind of, uh, maybe matter or something
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ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผ ใ‚„ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
01:01
to, to generate energy or power, there are different ways of doing this. So, one way
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ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚„้›ปๅŠ›ใ‚’็”Ÿๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•
01:05
is using water or water pressure. So, maybe you have some kind of pipe where you put lots
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ใฏใ€ๆฐดใพใŸใฏๆฐดๅœงใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
01:11
and lots of water in there and use that to maybe move something like a crane up and down
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ใ€ใใ“ใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆฐดใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ ใ‚ฏใƒฌใƒผใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไธŠไธ‹ใซๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—
01:15
or some other kind of engine. So, this is called hydraulic, hydraulic. So hydro meaning
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ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ‘ใ‚คใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆฒนๅœงใ€ๆฒนๅœงใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ‰ใƒญใฏ
01:21
water. So, weโ€™ve got hydraulic, you know, pressure or a hydraulic system like a lifting
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ๆฐดใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆฒนๅœงใ€ ๅœงๅŠ›ใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒชใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฒนๅœงใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:26
system.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
And pneumatic is where we get air, or air pressure. So, if you have pneumonia, itโ€™s
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ใใ—ใฆ็ฉบๆฐ—ๅœงใฏใ€็ฉบๆฐ—ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็ฉบๆฐ—ๅœงใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่‚บ็‚Žใซใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:32
the same idea where you have, uh, like a problem with your lungs. I donโ€™t want to explain
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่‚บใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใจๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใฎ็—…ๆฐ—ใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
01:37
a lot about that sickness, but thatโ€™s again, where the idea comes from. So, you have hydraulic
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ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฎ็”ฑๆฅใงใ™. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆฒนๅœงๅผ
01:42
and pneumatic. Pneumatic.
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ใจ็ฉบๅœงๅผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฉบๆฐ—ๅœงใ€‚
01:44
Next, aspect. Aspect. Youโ€™ve probably heard this in not only these lessons before but
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ๆฌกใซใ‚ขใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€‚ ๅด้ขใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
01:51
also lots of times in conversations. And you will hear it many, many times in this conversation,
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ใ€ไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใงไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใงไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่žใใฎใงใ€
01:56
so itโ€™s a great thing to listen for. Uh, aspect is a way of talking about a thing or
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่žใใฎใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใˆใˆใจใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใƒˆใจใฏใ€็‰ฉไบ‹
02:02
a part or a feature of something. So, you might talk about a movie and say, โ€œWell
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ใ€ไธ€้ƒจใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็‰นๅพดใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ
02:07
the visual aspect of the movie was great, but the story was not so good.โ€ So, the
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซ้ขใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸ ใŒใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
02:12
visual part or the visual feature, maybe the movie looked really beautiful, uh, but maybe,
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่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใพใŸใฏ่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใชๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ€ ๆ˜ ็”ปใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็พŽใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใˆใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
02:18
you know, the story just wasnโ€™t very good.
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ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ.
02:20
So, I can talk about the aspect of something, or if I want to kind of reverse the, the way
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅด้ขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’้€†ใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
02:25
I use it, I could say maybe the style aspect or the image aspect or the visual aspect.
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ใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใฎๅด้ข ใ€ใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใฎๅด้ขใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใชๅด้ขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
So, you can talk about the aspect of something or the visual aspect or the something aspect.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅด้ขใ€่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใชๅด้ขใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅด้ขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
Listen for both of these in the conversation. Youโ€™ll hear different versions of them,
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ไผš่ฉฑใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™
02:40
but really, just the idea of using aspect. Uh, this is a more advanced word, but you
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ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
02:45
will hear it in conversations especially between, uh, more educated people or that use that
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ใŒใ€็‰นใซใ€ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ•™่‚ฒใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸไบบใ€…ใฎ้–“ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
02:50
maybe in professional and business settings. Aspect. Aspect.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใŠใ‚ˆใณใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ่จญๅฎšใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใฎ้–“ใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ๅด้ขใ€‚ ๅด้ขใ€‚
02:55
Next, realistic and real-life. Real- life. Now, just looking at something thatโ€™s real
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ๆฌกใซใ€็พๅฎŸ็š„ใง็พๅฎŸ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ็”Ÿๆดปใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็พๅฎŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ€
03:02
or we talked about fictional a moment ago. So, something thatโ€™s real is true or itโ€™s
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉๆžถ็ฉบใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ—ใŸ. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็พๅฎŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹
03:07
accurate in some way. And specifically, from the conversation, youโ€™ll hear me and Will.
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅฝขใงๆญฃ็ขบใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏ ใ€ไผš่ฉฑใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใจใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใฎๅฃฐใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:12
So, we are talking about, uh, the graphics or something. And so, the graphics talks about
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏ
03:17
the way something looks. And if you look at the history of video games, the graphical
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใฎๆญดๅฒใ€ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎ
03:22
fidelity, thatโ€™s another great word for this monthโ€™s lesson. So, the fidelity of
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ๅฟ ๅฎŸๅบฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠๆœˆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅฟ ๅฎŸๅบฆใจ
03:27
something just means how close it is to the real thing. Or, if you make a copy of something,
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ใฏใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ๆœฌ็‰ฉใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
03:31
uh, how close that is.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘่ฟ‘ใ„ใ‹.
03:33
So, you could maybe do an impression. Iโ€™m gonna do an impression of some famous actor
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฐ่ฑกใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ‰ๅใชไฟณๅ„ชใ‚„ใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒณใชใฉใฎๅฐ่ฑกใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
03:37
or a comedian or something, and you can talk about the fidelity, or how close or how accurate,
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ใใฎๅฟ ๅฎŸๅบฆใ€ใพใŸใฏใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๆญฃ็ขบ
03:43
uh, how similar that is to the real thing. So, the graphical fidelity, this is how closely
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ใ‹ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๆœฌ็‰ฉใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๅฟ ๅฎŸๅบฆใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใƒชใ‚ขใƒชใ‚บใƒ 
03:49
we can mirror or to connect with or to show, to match, uh, the realism of something. So,
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ใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆŽฅ็ถšใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่กจ็คบใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไธ€่‡ดใ•ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚
03:55
the graphical fidelity of video games is becoming more realistic and looking more real-life
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ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใฎใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๅฟ ๅฎŸๅบฆใฏ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็พๅฎŸ็š„ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒชใ‚ขใƒซใซใ€
04:00
or looking more lifelike.
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒชใ‚ขใƒซใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:02
Now, listen carefully the, to, to the pronunciation of this. Even though we have real and life
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ใงใฏใ€the, to, to this ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
04:07
because we have those two Lโ€™s there. We have the real, the โ€˜lโ€™ from real and then
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ใใ“ใซ2ใคใฎLใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็พๅฎŸใจไบบ็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€‚ ็ง ใŸใกใฏๅฎŸๅœจใ€ๅฎŸๅœจใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ€Œlใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆ
04:12
the โ€˜lโ€™ from life. They blend together because we donโ€™t want to say real-life.
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ไบบ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ€Œlใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ็”Ÿๆดปใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆททใ–ใ‚Šๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:16
It takes too much time, so we just cut one of those Lโ€™s and just say realife, realife,
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใใฎ L ใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใฃใฆใ€ใƒชใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ€ใƒชใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใ€ใƒชใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใ„
04:22
realife. Itโ€™s almost like ree-ya-life. Like a Y-A sound. Real-life. Real-life. Thatโ€™s
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚Œใƒผใ‚„ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ‚‚ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ Y-Aใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ๅฎŸ็”Ÿๆดปใ€‚ ๅฎŸ็”Ÿๆดปใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
04:29
a much easier way to think about it.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:32
So, real-life, weโ€™re just talking about something that looks real. Like, I can draw
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ็”Ÿๆดปใงใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็พๅฎŸใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ .
04:35
or paint a picture that looks, wow, it almost looks like real flowers or something. Ah,
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ใพใ‚‹ใงๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎ่Šฑใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹็ตตใ‚’ๆใ„ใŸใ‚Šใƒšใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
04:40
and again, this is different from something thatโ€™s fictional in that sense. Where weโ€™re
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ใพใŸใใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจใฏ้•ใ† ใ€‚
04:44
talking about something being either true like a real-life, an actual thing like a dinosaur,
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็พๅฎŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ๆ็ซœใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ
04:49
and a fictional thing, uh, like a dragon.
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ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใใ—ใฆใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚ดใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆžถ็ฉบใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ.
04:52
Next, to calibrate something. To calibrate. Now, this is a technical term, but itโ€™s
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ๆฌกใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฟๆ•ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ กๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใŒ
04:57
also very commonly used in everyday situations. And it just means to make sure that youโ€™re
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ใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎ่จˆๆธฌๅ™จใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
05:03
using an instrument of some kind, and that it has, uh, a proper connection to some standard
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ใ—ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใช่จˆๆธฌๅ€คใพใŸใฏ่จˆๆธฌๅฏพ่ฑกใจใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซ้ฉๅˆ‡ใซๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚Œ
05:09
measurement or whatever youโ€™re measuring that against.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
Now, just to make this very clear, a very common, everyday usage is to calibrate a scale.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€้žๅธธใซ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใฏใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ผƒๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
05:17
So, if you have a regular scale, you want to weigh yourself. How much, you know, find
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€šๅธธใฎไฝ“้‡่จˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ไฝ“้‡ใ‚’้‡ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
05:21
out how much you weigh. You would stand on the scale. If you just stand on the scale,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไฝ“้‡ใ‚’่ชฟในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไฝ“้‡่จˆใฎไธŠใซ็ซ‹ใคใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไฝ“้‡่จˆใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ€
05:26
maybe you donโ€™t know if your weight is accurate or not.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไฝ“้‡ใŒๆญฃ็ขบใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:28
So, you think, oh, well, the scale says I am 110 pounds, but I should be 93 or something.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€ไฝ“้‡่จˆใฏ ็งใŒ110ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ93ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
05:34
So, you think thatโ€™s true, so probably, the scale is off. You can talk about something
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใŒๅค–ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹
05:39
being incorrect or the numbers are not matching properly. You can talk about at, talk about
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ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒ้ฉๅˆ‡ใซไธ€่‡ดใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:43
that in a casual way just saying something is off.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใŠใ‹ใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
Like, even just in general, you can say, you know, somethingโ€™s kind of off about that
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ ใ€ใใฎ
05:50
person or this, the feeling of this room. Something feels a bit off. A very quick and
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ไบบใ‚„ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎ้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใŠใ‹ใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ ใ‹ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒใ‚บใƒฌใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซ่ฟ…้€Ÿใง
05:54
caw, casual conversational way of describing that. So, if a scale is off, or some machine
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ๆฐ—ใฎๅˆฉใ„ใŸใ€ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชไผš่ฉฑใฎๆ–นๆณ• . ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ชใƒ•ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏไธ€้ƒจใฎใƒžใ‚ทใƒณ
06:00
is off, it means itโ€™s not measuring something or not, not showing something accurately.
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ใŒใ‚ชใƒ•ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใฆ ใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่กจ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
06:04
You need to calibrate that thing first.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฟๆ•ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:06
So, in the case of the scale, you would not put any weight on it, and you would just turn
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ“้‡่จˆใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ้‡ใ‚Šใ‚’่ผ‰ใ›ใšใซใ€้›ปๆบใ‚’
06:11
it on and see what the, the measurement if you have a, a digital scale it should see,
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ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ธใ‚ฟใƒซไฝ“้‡่จˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐๆธฌๅฎšๅ€คใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:15
uh, or it should say zero. So, itโ€™s not measuring any weight. Or, if you have a mechanical
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ใ‚ผใƒญใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้‡้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆฉŸๆขฐๅผใฎ
06:20
scale, thatโ€™s the one that has the actual little arrow or something that spins around.
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ใฏใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’ใŠๆŒใกใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅฐใ•ใช็ŸขๅฐใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ€ๅ›ž่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:24
So, thatโ€™s a mechanical scale. Uh, so, you want to make sure that is zeroed out. So,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็š„ใชใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ผใƒญใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
06:30
when itโ€™s zeroed out, it means itโ€™s actual, itโ€™s accurately or calibrated to that correct
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ใ€ใ‚ผใƒญ่ชฟๆ•ดใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆญฃ็ขบใซใ€ใพใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ผใƒญใซ่ชฟๆ•ดใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
06:35
zero. And then you can stand on the scale and weigh yourself.
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ใพใ™. ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ไฝ“้‡่จˆใซไน—ใฃใฆไฝ“้‡ใ‚’้‡ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:38
Next, nauseous, nauseous. Nauseous is talking about, you know, a way of feeling like youโ€™re
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅใๆฐ—ใ€ๅใๆฐ—ใ€‚ ๅใๆฐ—ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅใใใ†ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
06:45
going to throw up, blah, because maybe youโ€™re very sick. So, if you get into a car, youโ€™ll
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใจใ€
06:51
hear us driving or not driving, but describing excuse me, describing this in the conversation
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็งใŸใกใŒ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚ทใƒŸใƒฅใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไผš่ฉฑใงใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Ž
06:56
where people are in a simulation.
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ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:58
And weโ€™ll talk more about that in the Fluency Corner lesson, but if you go to a theme park
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€Fluency Corner ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒž ใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ฏใซ่กŒใใจใ€
07:03
where you have those rides that kind of simulate a, a real situation where youโ€™re driving.
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้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ใ‚ทใƒŸใƒฅใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชไน—ใ‚Š็‰ฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
It, itโ€™s supposed to feel like youโ€™re in a car or youโ€™re flying or something.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
07:11
Usually, thereโ€™s a, a TV screen or something. Youโ€™re looking at it, and itโ€™s projecting
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้€šๅธธใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็”ป้ขใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œ
07:16
an image, but the thing youโ€™re sitting in is moving around as well. Usually, with some
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ใฏใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆŠ•ๅฝฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ ๅ‹•ใๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ้€šๅธธใ€
07:20
kind of hydraulic system or pneumatic system.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎๆฒนๅœงใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใพใŸใฏ็ฉบๆฐ—ๅœงใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:23
Uh, but those things, if the, the visual and the, the feeling that you get, the motion.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซ ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅพ—ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใƒขใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
07:29
Like, if the screen is making it look like youโ€™re moving that way, but you feel like
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็”ป้ขใŒ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
07:32
youโ€™re moving that way, you will start to feel nauseous.
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ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅใๆฐ—ใŒใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:35
Now, you can call this car sick if youโ€™re in a car, or if youโ€™re on an airplane, you
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่ปŠใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ่ปŠ้…”ใ„ ใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
07:40
would call this airplane sickness or air sickness. Or, if youโ€™re on a boat you could call this
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ใฏ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸ้…”ใ„ใพใŸใฏ่ˆช็ฉบ้…”ใ„ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒˆใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ˆน้…”ใ„ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
07:45
sea sickness. But itโ€™s just that motion sickness in general if you donโ€™t remember
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใฉใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ‚Œ ใ‹่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไน—ใ‚Š็‰ฉ้…”ใ„ใงใ™
07:49
which one. Itโ€™s pretty easy, car sickness, air sickness or sea sickness. Uh, but you
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ใ€‚ ไน—ใ‚Š็‰ฉ้…”ใ„ใ€ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸ้…”ใ„ใ€่ˆน้…”ใ„ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:55
can just talk about, uh, motion sickness.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไน—ใ‚Š็‰ฉ้…”ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:57
And nausea is that, that way of describing it in a bit more, uh, maybe advanced, this
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅใๆฐ—ใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
08:02
is what maybe a doctor would describe it. But you can just say, yeah, Iโ€™m kind of
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ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅŒป่€…ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™. ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใ†ใ€็งใฏไธ€็จฎใฎไน—ใ‚Š็‰ฉ้…”ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏไน—ใ‚Š็‰ฉ้…”ใ„ใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
08:06
car sick or I have motion sickness.
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ใ€‚
08:08
So, if you feel nausea or something makes you feel nauseous. Oh, it makes me, oh, I,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅใๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๅใๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ ใจ. ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใ€
08:12
the smell of that, oh, itโ€™s making me nauseous. You can say casually, itโ€™s making me gag.
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ใใฎๅŒ‚ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใ‚’ๅใๆฐ—ใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚Šใ’ใชใ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใ‚’ใ‚ฎใƒฃใ‚ฐใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:17
Like, eh, eh, like, you feel like youโ€™re going to throw up. Nauseous. Nauseous.
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ใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆใˆ ๅใๆฐ—ใ€‚ ๅใๆฐ—ใ€‚
08:22
Next, another measurement term is X accurate. So, if you want to talk about how precise
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆธฌๅฎš็”จ่ชžใฏ X ็ฒพๅบฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๆญฃ็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆธฌๅฎš
08:29
something is, the precision of a measure ming, uh, measuring instrument. You can talk about
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ๅ™จใฎ็ฒพๅบฆใฏใ€ ใˆใˆใจใ€ๆธฌๅฎšๅ™จใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
08:34
a scale. Uh, as an example, we talked about the scale earlier. So, a regular scale might,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้€šๅธธใฎไฝ“้‡่จˆใฏ
08:39
uh, in American terms, it might give you, uh, the amount of pounds you are or if youโ€™re
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ใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ็”จ่ชžใง่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ้‡ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
08:44
in, uh, like Japan or the UK, you would get kilos, whatever it is for your country. Uh,
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใ‚„ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ็›ฎ็š„ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ญใƒญใ‚’่กจ็คบใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจใ€
08:50
but maybe you want to get more specific, and you donโ€™t want to just know pounds. You
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ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ ใ‘ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใง 1
08:54
want to know even maybe, uh, like, a gram or an ounce in American English. So, how many
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ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใ‚„ 1 ใ‚ชใƒณใ‚นใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•
08:59
ounces. It should be 16 ounces to the pound, I believe, if I remember that correctly.
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ใ‚ชใƒณใ‚นใ€‚ ็งใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใŒๆญฃใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€1 ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚ใŸใ‚Š 16 ใ‚ชใƒณใ‚นใซใชใ‚‹ใฏใš ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:03
Really, I, the metric system is so much easier. I don't know why we donโ€™t use that in America.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€็งใ€ใƒกใƒผใƒˆใƒซๆณ•ใฎๆ–นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:07
Anyway, we will save that for a, a lesson for another topic, uh, or another time.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ ๅˆฅใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใพใŸใฏๅˆฅใฎๆฉŸไผšใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:12
But, uh, that idea of being X accurate, like millimeter accurate or gram accurate. It just
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ ใƒŸใƒชๅ˜ไฝใฎ็ฒพๅบฆใ‚„ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ๅ˜ไฝใฎ็ฒพๅบฆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€X ็ฒพๅบฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
09:18
means itโ€™s precise or itโ€™s measurable to a particular tinier or more specific measurement.
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ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃ็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐใ•ใชใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๆธฌๅฎšใงๆธฌๅฎšๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
09:25
Next, another great word, forgiving. Forgiving. Now, the regular term forgive just means to
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ€ๅฏ›ๅฎนใงใ™ใ€‚ ่จฑใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€้€šๅธธใฎ่จฑใ—ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใŸใ ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
09:32
ask forโ€ฆ Maybe you did something wrong and, like, as an example, I, I forgot to pick up
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ใงใ™โ€ฆ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€็งใฏๅฆปใ‚’็ฉบๆธฏใซ่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
09:39
my wife from the airport. I took a nap, uh, and I, like, woke up late and thought, oh
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆ˜ผๅฏใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใˆใˆใจ ใ€็งใฏใ€้…ใ่ตทใใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
09:43
no! My wifeโ€™s waiting for me at the airport. Sheโ€™s going to be very angry. So, I get
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ ๏ผ ๅฆปใŒ็ฉบๆธฏใง็งใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ€’ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏ
09:47
there, uh, and I give her some flowers. I say, โ€œOh, Iโ€™m so sorry. Please forgive
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ใใ“ใซ็€ใใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใซ่Šฑใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใ™ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใ‚’่จฑใ—
09:51
me.โ€ So, Iโ€™m asking for her permission, uh, just say, like, make sure everything is
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚" ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„
09:56
okay. So, Iโ€™m asking for forgiveness.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ่จฑใ—ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:58
But when you talk about something being forgiving, in general, it just means thereโ€™s maybe
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฏ›ๅฎนใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้ŠใณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
10:03
some, some play. Uh, and play just meaning, like, a, a, a range of something. So, there
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ใพใ™. ใˆใˆใจใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆผ”ใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
10:08
might be, uh, like, if youโ€™re trying to do something like Iโ€™m playing a video game.
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็งใŒใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
10:12
I donโ€™t have to push the button exactly right when I need to push it. Maybe I could
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซๆŠผใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€็งใฏ
10:17
be a little late or a little bit early, and I would still be able to do something accurately.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ—ฉใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๆญฃ็ขบใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
10:21
So, these things are often designed into video games because humans maybe canโ€™t push something
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ไบบ้–“ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆญฃ็ขบใซใƒ—ใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใงใใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใซ็ต„ใฟ่พผใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใ
10:26
exactly when they need to push it. Uh, and the video game will be kind of designed to
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใˆใˆใจ ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จญ่จˆใ•ใ‚Œ
10:30
help you with that. So, this means something is forgiving.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฏ›ๅฎนใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:33
Now, the opposite of this would be unforgiving. And again, itโ€™s a very common use, so I
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎๅๅฏพใฏ่จฑใ•ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
10:38
just gave you kind of a mechanical idea of this where youโ€™re talking about a bah, a
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆฉŸๆขฐ็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
10:42
machine being very forgiving, uh, or something.
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ใƒžใ‚ทใƒณใŒ้žๅธธใซๅฏ›ๅฎนใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:45
Even if Iโ€™m, you know, taking a picture, like, wow, this is really great light. It
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็งใŒๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ„ใฆ ใ‚‚ใ€ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ…‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
10:48
makes me look beautiful. Like, this light is very forgiving. So, maybe my face is very
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ใฏ็งใ‚’็พŽใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใ“ใฎๅ…‰ ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฏ›ๅฎนใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎ้ก”ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้†œใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
10:52
ugly, uh, but the light makes me look much more attractive, uh, then the light or something
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ใŒใ€ๅ…‰ใฏ็งใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™
10:58
like that is very forgiving.
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ใ€‚
11:00
You can talk about the weather being very unforgiving or forgiving as well. Usually,
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ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒ้žๅธธใซๅฎน่ตฆใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฎน่ตฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€
11:04
we donโ€™t talk about, uh, forgiving weather because either you just have nice weather
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็งใŸใกใฏๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚’่จฑใ™ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒ่‰ฏใ„
11:08
or really, really bad weather. So, you want to talk about an unforgiving storm or something
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ใ‹ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ‚ชใ„ๅคฉๆฐ—ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ๅฎน่ตฆใชใ„ๅตใ‚„
11:13
thatโ€™s really difficult. Maybe thereโ€™s, uh, like, youโ€™re out on the ocean, and,
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ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆตทใซๅ‡บใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๆตทใฎ
11:17
like, the sea, the ocean was just unforgiving. So, it was constantly hitting us with big
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๆตทใฏใŸใ ๅฎน่ตฆใฎใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅธธใซๅคงใใช
11:22
waves, and the boat almost tipped over. It was really bad weather. Unforgiving.
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ๆณขใŒ็งใŸใกใ‚’่ฅฒใ„ใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒˆใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่ปข่ฆ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ‚ชๅคฉๅ€™ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฎน่ตฆใชใ„ใ€‚
11:28
Next, anticipation. Anticipation. Anticipation is the longer, more advanced way of saying
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ๆฌกใซไบˆๆƒณใ€‚ ๆœŸๅพ…ใ€‚ ไบˆๆƒณ ใฏใ€
11:35
that you are looking forward to doing something. But it also just means you are thinking towards
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฐ†ๆฅใซๅ‘ใ‘ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
11:40
the future. You might not be looking forward to something, uh, as that means maybe itโ€™s
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. ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„
11:45
a positive thing. But you could be anticipating a problem. So, it just means to think forward.
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซๅ‰ๅ‘ใใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:50
Youโ€™re looking at something happening. Okay, Iโ€™m anticipating and something. You think
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ็งใฏๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:55
about it like participating is when youโ€™re actually in that thing. But anticipating is
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ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใฎไธญใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบˆๆธฌใจใฏ
11:59
when youโ€™re thinking about that actually before it happens.
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ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
12:02
So, weโ€™ve got the โ€˜antiโ€™ word here, just meaning before. So, anticipate. So, I
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œใ‚ขใƒณใƒใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๅ‰ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไบˆๆƒณใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ง
12:07
need to anticipate things. I hope you are anticipating these new lessons as they come
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ใฏ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™
12:12
out. So, as youโ€™re learning one lesson, you are anticipating but also looking forward
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€1 ใคใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซ
12:16
to the next one we release. Anticipate. And you can also talk about the noun form, which
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบˆๆƒณใ€‚ ใพใŸ ใ€ไบˆๆœŸใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
12:22
is anticipation. Anticipation.
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ใ€‚ ๆœŸๅพ…ใ€‚
12:24
Next, regulated. Regulated. Now, Iโ€™m kind of over pronouncing it here. If you would
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ๆฌกใซ่ฆๅˆถใ€‚ ่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:32
hear this in a regular conversation, you will hear this in the Master Class video, but regularly,
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้€šๅธธใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซใ€
12:36
we just say regulated, regulated. Regulated. Now, itโ€™s a regulated, with a โ€˜tโ€™ there.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ˜ใซ่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™. ่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใ“ใซใ€Œtใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:44
But the โ€˜tโ€™ becomes more of โ€˜dโ€™ sound. Reguladed. Reguladed. Reguladed.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใฏใ€Œdใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
12:49
Now, regulated just means that itโ€™s a government-controlled or something that has maybe a system of laws
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็พๅœจใ€่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ”ฟๅบœใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็ฎก็†
12:56
in place so that there are rules. And you have to follow these rules in some way. If
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ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡ใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณ•ๅˆถๅบฆใŒๆ•ดใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:00
you have an unregulated market, people can go out and maybe sell whatever they want to,
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่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅธ‚ๅ ดใงใฏ ใ€
13:05
even if itโ€™s not really a good product or itโ€™s harmful or something. There are no
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ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„่ฃฝๅ“ใงใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Š ใ€ๆœ‰ๅฎณใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏๅค–ใซๅ‡บใฆใ€ๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:09
laws to protect consumers or people who would be buying those products. So, we talk about
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ๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใ‚„ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
13:14
an unregulated market or an unregulated economy or the opposite.
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่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅธ‚ๅ ดใ€่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„็ตŒๆธˆใ€ ใพใŸใฏใใฎ้€†ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:18
But you can also talk that maybe not just like government, but the rules for something.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:23
So, you might have a sport, but maybe people donโ€™t, you know, theyโ€™re just playing
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใง้Šใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ™
13:27
by their own rules. They do whatever they want to do, so itโ€™s unregulated. Like, an
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:31
unregulated boxing match where, you know, people could just do whatever they want to.
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่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใƒœใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:35
Or, thereโ€™s just no official rules because itโ€™s not in some official organization.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅ…ฌๅผใฎ็ต„็น”ใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ…ฌๅผใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใชใ„ใ ใ‘ ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:41
Regulated and unregulated.
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่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจ่ฆๅˆถใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
13:44
And finally, for the last of our individual words, we have to lose someone. And weโ€™ll
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใช ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
13:49
also talk about a fatal accident. So first, to lose someone, often we use words that are
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ใ€ๆญปไบกไบ‹ๆ•…ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€
13:54
maybe sounding a bit softer or a bit more polite. So, instead of saying that someone
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฐ‘ใ—ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ— ไธๅฏงใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไบกใใชใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
13:59
died, which you might see on maybe a news program, you talk about losing someone, or
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ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น็•ช็ต„ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใŒใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
14:05
you talk about someone passing on or passing or passing away. So, just think about a person
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒไบกใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไบกใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไบกใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ . ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไบบใŒ
14:11
almost disappearing, and they just pass on to the next world or heaven or whatever you
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅงฟใ‚’ๆถˆใ— ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆญปใฌใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฌกใฎไธ–็•Œใ‚„ๅคฉๅ›ฝใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚้€š้Žใ—ใพใ™
14:15
think about when someone dies.
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.
14:17
So, youโ€™ll hear Will talking about this as, you know, they lost some people. Typically,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใŒใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใ‚’่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€
14:22
this is a thing youโ€™ll hear, uh, maybe in war or a similar situation. Almost like that,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๆˆฆไบ‰ใ‚„ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ็Šถๆณใง่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ไบ‹ๆ•…ใ‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใง่ชฐใ‹
14:27
which is high-speed racing, where you might lose someone to some accident or whatever,
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ใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ ใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใง
14:32
and it just means they died, but it is in a much more, maybe kind of soft and polite
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซใใฎไบบใŒๆญปไบกใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใง็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„
14:36
way when youโ€™re talking about that.
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ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ€‚
14:38
Uh, but fatal accident, fatal just means that there was an actual death. What, maybe you
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ใงใ‚‚่‡ดๅ‘ฝ็š„ใชไบ‹ๆ•…ใ€่‡ดๅ‘ฝ็š„ใชใจใ„ใ†ใฎ ใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆญปไบกใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
14:43
say, like, there were a number of fatalities. Uh, so, a fatality just means a death, uh,
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ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎๆญป่€…ใŒๅ‡บใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆญป่€…ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆญปไบกใ—
14:49
or a fatal accident rather than just a regular accident where someone actually died. Fatal
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ใŸ้€šๅธธใฎไบ‹ๆ•…ใงใฏใชใใ€ๆญปใ€ใพใŸใฏ่‡ดๅ‘ฝ็š„ใชไบ‹ๆ•…ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:54
accident. Fatal accident. Iโ€™m Drew Badger, the founder of EnglishAnyone.com,
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ๆญปไบกไบ‹ๆ•…ใ€‚ ๆญปไบกไบ‹ๆ•…ใ€‚ ็งใฏ EnglishAnyone.com ใฎๅ‰ต่จญ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ Drew Badger
15:00
and thanks so much for learning with me today! To discover hundreds more great ways to sound
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅญฆใ‚“ใงใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†!
15:05
more native, improve your speaking confidence and become more fluent, just do these three
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ€่ฉฑใ™่‡ชไฟกใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆตๆšขใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎไฝ•็™พใ‚‚ใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็™บ่ฆ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ไปŠใ™ใๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:10
simple things, RIGHT NOW. 1. Click on this link to subscribe to my YouTube
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ใ€‚ 1. ใ“ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใ€
15:16
channel for over 500 free videos. 2. Click on this link to download my #1 eBook
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500 ไปฅไธŠใฎ็„กๆ–™ๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’่ฆ–่ดใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ 2. ใ“ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ
15:23
guide to fast fluency, FREE! Andโ€ฆ 3. Click here to watch the most popular video
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ใ€ๆตๆšขใซ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็งใฎใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผ 1 ใฎ eBook ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’็„กๆ–™ใงใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆโ€ฆ 3. YouTube ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆตๆšขใ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:29
on English fluency here on YouTube!
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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