What is an Abbreviation? / English Addict - 50 / Wed 11th March 2020 / with Mr Duncan

it's a windy day outside as you can see the wind is blowing however there are

some signs that spring is on its way oh I can't wait until spring arrives I

can't wait until this horrible horrible long wet winter is right behind us

welcome everyone here we go again it is a special edition of English addict live

because today it is episode 50 coming to you live from the birthplace of English

which is yes England

come on quickly I can't wait I was so excited this morning because I knew that

I would be presenting my 50th English addict lesson already can you believe we

have already reached episode 50 oh there is something I've forgotten to do excuse

me a moment I've had such a busy morning

there we go a little bit of hand sanitizer before I start presenting my

show today hmm it smells rather nice it smells like bubble gum

how lovely I've had a busy morning once again I'm sorry I'm late

once more I am late with my live stream don't worry I have a very good excuse

because my heating system this morning the heating system in my house decided

to stop working so I had to phone one of my friends up he happens to be heating

engineer so he came from Wolverhampton all away from Wolverhampton and this

ties in with the thing that everyone is talking about at the moment which is

coronavirus because over in Wolverhampton not very far away from

where I live there are now confirmed cases of coronavirus the covered 19

virus so I was a little worried this morning when he came I I said you

haven't got coronavirus have you and he laughed he thought he was hilarious

the only problem was I was being serious I wasn't joking I wasn't actually making

a joke to be honest I was being serious anyway the good news is my heating is

now working again so that is nice thank you very much John

my heating repairman who came this morning to sort out my broken heater in

the house so now I'm nice and warm in my studio again isn't it nice lovely hmm Oh

guess what as I mentioned today it is a very

special episode because today yes yes honestly I'm not joking today is a

special English addict episode because it is as I already mentioned episode 50

we are all here together again I wonder how many people know who I am do you

know me Do You Know Who I am I am mr. Duncan

that is my name there it is now on the screen and I teach English on YouTube

I've been doing it for ever such a long time can you guess how long I have been

teaching English on YouTube 14 years almost so this year I will be

celebrating my 14th anniversary on YouTube

teaching English from the very early days of YouTube I was here doing this I

was joking I was right here hello to the live chat

of course I mustn't forget about you because you are the most important part

of this thing without you I have nothing nothing at all so hello to everyone

oh hello to black gut chat hello to you guess what you are first on today's live chat

Wow welcome welcome one welcome all grace chin hello to you as well you are

second on today's live chat hello to you sweetness is here

how are you mr. Duncan how is mr. Steve I hope he is fine

good news mr. Steve is feeling very well he is better he had a little fever last

week so I was a little bit worried I was slightly concerned however mr. Steve has

now fully recovered and he has gone back to work he was hoping to have some time

off he thought maybe he could have 14 days free holiday unfortunately not

he doesn't have coronavirus and nor do I so it is back to work

unfortunately so I have no excuse in fact I've just realised if I get

coronavirus I will still be able to work because I'm at home so even though I

might have to self isolate I I won't have any choice because I will still

have to work because I'm at home that's not very nice is it I have a feeling I

might be the last person on planet Earth who is still working who knows hello

Rolfie I hope you are safe and sound safe and sound if a person is safe and

sound it means they are okay everything around them is find and everything in

their life is fine as well so everything is okay

I am very safe and sound hello also highly quang nice to see you

here again yes we are here together again we are all here we have made it

halfway through the week because today it's Wednesday

hmmm that's nice thank you Christina I am very happy to hear about mr. Steve

yes he is well he is fighting fit that means he is very energetic he has lots

of strength once again he is as strong as a butcher's dog a nurse says mr.

Duncan please keep calm it is important to respect the rules for staying safe

and clean so washing your hands stay away from other people and don't shake

hands I didn't this morning I didn't do it

when my heating engineer came this morning to repair my heating system I

didn't shake hands I said hi hello and that's all I said and then I asked him

if he had coronavirus and he laughed but I was being serious I have a feeling

that over the next few weeks we will all start becoming germophobes germaphobes

there it is in fact three forms of the word so can you see it now on the screen

so germophobe a person who is a germaphobe is someone who is afraid of

germs and microorganisms viruses things like that so when we say that a person

is a germaphobe we are using a noun it is a noun that means a person who is

afraid maybe they have an irrational fear of germs and viruses so maybe a

germaphobe is a person who might wash their hands all the time or a person who

is very concerned with micro organ bacteria and viruses getting onto their

skin so maybe they avoid doing anything or maybe they are always cleaning their

house because they feel that the house is always dirty and then we have

germaphobic which is the adjective form so the adjective germaphobic names the

person you are saying that that person is germaphobic and then we have

germophobia which means the fear of germs so a germaphobe is a person any

person who might be over cautious or too afraid of germs and viruses however at

the moment everyone is on high alert we are all trying to keep ourselves safe

because yes there are more cases of coronavirus including here in the UK

some of the new cases here are not very far away from where I live

however I am safe I am still well 100% and also I have my toilet paper so my

toilet paper is right here so I'm feeling very happy very safe that I have

my toilet paper other things that people are rushing around buying include pasta

as well so Pesta flour rice many of these things people are now busy buying

all sorts of stuff from the supermarkets and also the shops as well very busy

time and a lot of people getting very concerned about the situation so I

suppose we should say that the best advice is to stay safe and stay clean

make sure you always wash your hands because I am

and here in the UK I don't know if you've heard but we have a member of our

government who has tested positive for corona virus so even here in the UK one

of our government officials has now come down they have tested positive for

corona virus would you like to see my stock of toilet paper so here it is this

is the the toilet paper that I ordered last week so here it is that is my

actual supply of toilet paper so I have two packs now the reason why I have to

multi packs is because I don't do my shopping every week I do my shopping

every three weeks so that's the reason why on the screen there is so much

toilet paper so that is actually my toilet paper supply so you can see I

have 18 rolls of toilet paper however mr. Steve often uses a lot of toilet

paper I don't know how or why but mr. Steve uses a lot of toilet paper I don't

know what he does with it I really don't so that is my supply of

toilet paper how much toilet paper do you have are

you worried about it maybe you have found another way of using something

instead of toilet paper by the way it's a nice day here today it's lovely

outside shall we have a look outside the window look at that there it is right

now a view outside and you can see some of the lovely cherry blossom on the

trees and in the distance there are some sheep looking very happy and content

because now the grass is starting to grow back and so they have lots of grass

to graze on graze I love that word by the way when an animal is grazing

they are eating they are eating so they are eating the grass or maybe some other

food that grows from the ground they are grazing so you can see in the distance

there are lots of sheep grazing in the field I hope you are feeling good today

hello - oh hello - Corey are you going to eat the toilet paper mr. Duncan not

again I know last Sunday did you see me on Sunday I was trying to eat the toilet

paper because I thought maybe maybe it might contain some sort of nutrition

perhaps that's the reason why people have gone so crazy buying toilet paper

who knows anyway I hope you are staying safe where

you are can I say a big hello to everyone my lovely viewers in Italy have

you been affected in Italy because I know that there are lots of things

happening there some of the news concerning coronavirus is not accurate

it is not true however some of it is true

so if you are in Italy and maybe you have been affected in fact wherever you

are wherever you are in the world if you have been affected by coronavirus and

maybe you are having to stay at home and you are watching me now because you have

nothing else to do please let me know I would be very fascinated to find out

hello Rakesh hello Irene hello - pal Mira hello pal Mira nice to see you here

as well taught at paper is the most effective the protection against covered

19 well I'm not sure about that I suppose the best way to stay healthy and

avoid the coronavirus is very simple really you just wash your hands

regularly and try to avoid direct contact with

other people so I would say that those are the best Buch Harry says graze

yes graze an animal is eating from the land directly they are grazing hi Lee

Kwang says have you seen Alex D he talked about you in your lesson yes I

have seen it he actually talks all about my lesson 1 my lesson 1 video which is a

remake of my earlier lesson which is basically the same lesson so thank you

very much to everyone who is now watching and who has joined me from

Vietnam hello to everyone and thanks once again to alex d for giving me a

mention it's very kind of you as I understand it as I understand the

situation I think Alex D actually used my videos to improve his English as well

so that's how I understand it that's my interpretation of the situation so a big

hello to everyone watching in Vietnam it is great to see you here and I hope my

lessons will be helpful to you don't forget I am here every week three times

a week you can have me on your monitor your computer monitor or maybe your

mobile device Sunday Wednesday and Friday I am here with you 2 p.m. UK time

so make sure that you write down the days and also the time 2 p.m. UK time

Sunday Wednesday and Friday and of course I suppose I should say that you

are more than welcome to like and subscribe

yes like and subscribe that would be ever so nice

hello to wheeze lawa hello to you hello also to Li Lille who says I have stopped

lots of toilet paper as well I think it's nice to have the things you use in

large quantities oh I like that yes large quantities so some people are

buying lots of things that they use on a regular basis we might say that they are

stockpiling if you stock pile it means you buy more than you normally

buy but you put it away for the future so something that you might need later

if there is a short supply however having said that I don't think we are

going to run out of toilet paper on the planet to be honest I think there will

always be toilet paper around however some people are really panicking about

it they are starting to get very worried hello - van new in is it difficult to

buy masks in the UK at the moment not many people are wearing masks so you

won't really see people in the UK wearing masks so here we are more

concerned with keeping our hands clean and not having direct contact with other

people so that means shaking hens so people are avoiding direct contact with

other people but no here in the UK people aren't wearing face masks I

haven't seen many people here where I live in fact I haven't seen anyone

wearing face masks where I live no one at all

hello - ow Gandhi hello - you nice to see you here

al ghamdi Abdullah where are you watching at the moment it is great to

have your company here today and I hope I will help you in some way with your

English learning don't forget my my special rules for learning English learn

English practise English every day make English part of your life make it part

of your body something you do something you hear something you say every day so

try to get used to using English every day listen to my video lessons and also

you can practice your speaking by repeating what I say so there are many

ways of improving your English many ways we have some a very we have some very

excited people here on the live chat today very excited Pedro is here Oh

Pedro Belmont is here today but how long will he stay

I do not know hello Pedro nice to see you back again

sujin hello sue Jean it seems a long time since I saw you here most of us in

South Korea are now wearing face masks at the moment well I think the situation

in South Korea is quite bad at the moment however as I understand it it is

now slowly slowly being controlled just like China so apparently in China the

number of people suffering has has plateaued it has evened out so there are

not many new cases happening and wherever you are I hope you stay safe

hello also - - an and new win who says I am scared well I suppose it is natural

it is a natural feeling so maybe if something is happening

around you that you have no control over and I think this is one of the big

problems with anything that comes along that you can't control so I think it is

natural it is normal to feel afraid it is normal to feel a little worried about

the situation so my advice is don't worry too much as long as you stay safe

keep your hands clean and I am sure you will be alright hello to Iran hello

Hameed reza hamid reza Karimi says Iranians love you hello to Iran and I

hope everything is all right there I know there are quite a quite a few cases

of corona virus also there here in the UK a few more people have been infected

and sadly we have now had some fatalities so some people sadly here in

the UK have died from corona virus unfortunately Wael our eggsy says mr.

Duncan after a few minutes I will invite a lot of Saudis to subscribe to your

channel because you deserve it oh thank you very much that's very kind

as I always say everyone is welcome to my English lessons wherever you are in

the world whoever you are you are all very welcome

does the UK restrict any other countries that is affected severely by coronavirus

that's interesting Tao dang thank you very much for your question

there are some restrictions at the moment of course China is one of them

because that's where the whole thing started and I believe there are now

restrictions for people coming back from Italy however

it is a little confusing because apparently some people are being tested

when they return and other people are not so generally speaking people are

still being allowed to go away however when they return to the UK they are

being told to self isolate or stay away from other people for two weeks so the

advice I suppose is a little confusing but I would say that if you've been

somewhere where coronavirus has broken out maybe there are are many people many

people affected I would say that it is a good idea maybe to isolate yourself just

to make sure that you are okay and in many parts of the UK there is also

testing taking place I haven't had the corona test so I haven't been tested for

coronavirus because well first of all I feel perfectly alright and where I live

there there are no cases at the moment fortunately you are one of a kind

teacher thank you very much Algar me it's very kind of you to say

thank you yes I think it is natural and normal to be afraid it is a natural

response I think so so a natural feeling can I just tell you

now there are things that I'm afraid of there are things that I fear we all have

fear it is part of our survival this is how human beings have managed to survive

so fear is part of survival and I suppose being afraid is something that

sometimes we can't control so I'm not saying that you should go out and buy

lots and lots of toilet paper but I am saying that sometimes it is normal to

feel afraid however I think the best advice is not to

overreact I think that is it try to stay calm as it says here on my screen would

you like to see it keep calm and wash your hands I think that is the best

advice I can give you at the moment Keep Calm and wash your hands I think

that's it that's it that's my advice maybe maybe you can you can show this to

your friends maybe you can make a screenshot and maybe you can show this

to your friends Keep Calm and wash your hands that is my advice

hello Alamgir I can't stay because I am holding a phone with my hands instead I

love putting hands in my pocket and sometimes raising hands can be the cause

of death oh I'm not sure what Allen gear is talking about there I am very

interested by the way today we are talking about something have you ever

been in the newspaper have you ever been featured in a newspaper article so

perhaps you have done something interesting or amazing maybe you win a

contest or maybe you did something that got a lot of attention and then suddenly

you appeared in the newspaper suddenly your face has appeared in the newspaper

now I have been featured in the newspaper a few times not only here but

also abroad as well so here is one photograph first of all so this is me in

the newspaper so there I am in the newspaper yes that is me by the way so

this particular photograph appeared in the newspaper in 1981 and I went to the

local newspaper to have some of my drawings photocopied

and someone in the newspaper office said oh we like your view we like your

pictures can we do an article about you in the newspaper and I said yes okay so

all I did was go into the newspaper office to to photocopy some of my

pictures that I'd drawn and then suddenly a week later I was in the

newspaper another reason why I was in the newspaper

no not because I committed a crime nothing like that

Here I am once again so this time I was featured in a newspaper article about a

local radio station and I was one of the presenters at the radio station you can

see there my name at the bottom Duncan James that's me by the way so

there I am this particular photograph was taken in 1988 so this one a little

bit later so you can see the photograph there so that one that one was taken in

1981 and that one was taken in 1988 eighty one eighty eight yes I did change

quite a bit between those photographs I did change a lot in fact so have you

ever been in the newspaper have you ever been featured in an article has anyone

ever been in the newspaper ever hello Luis Luis Mendez is here nice to see you

here Oh Luis Mendez has been to the dentist ah

so what has happened to your teeth I have to make an appointment with the

dentist soon unfortunately I have a couple of problems with my teeth

hello everyone today I am very busy because of work I will see you all later

on zu zu z cat hello to you and goodbye to you I hope to see you later on

hello also to Julie Julie is here keep calm and wash your hands and don't

touch your nose or your mouth or your eyes with your hands good advice there

thank you Anna for your advice so have you ever been in the newspaper have you

ever been featured in the newspaper so I remember many years ago also as a child

I appeared in the newspaper with some of my classmates I can't remember why I

think it was something to do with singing because when I was at Primary

School I used to be in a choir I used to sing with my school choir I used to love

doing it as well so I've been in the newspaper quite a few times but what

about you have you ever been in the newspaper after three years I finally

know your surname mr. Duncan really well my surname my first name is Duncan and

my full name Duncan James and that's what I am known as too many people on

the internet by the way talking of the Internet if you want to get in touch if

you want to write to me or if you want to follow me on Facebook you are more

than welcome to do so

who some very interesting messages coming through here very interesting

indeed how hamid reza hamid reza says i am a journalist and i love that you will

be more famous well i hope i hope more people will have a chance to follow my

live streams here on youtube that would be ever so nice i remember i have been

in a newspaper says lille and it was in a picture for a group of people oh I see

so you were with other people so you weren't on your own you were actually

standing with other people maybe a group of people interesting why do you have to

save a lot of toilet paper well at the moment I have a lot of toilet paper

because that's what I normally buy so normally I buy my shopping and it has to

last for three weeks or sometimes four weeks so I haven't bought my toilet

paper because of coronavirus in fact what I've done is I've bought the normal

amount of toilet paper that I normally buy so this is not because of

coronavirus in case you're wondering this is just what I normally buy what I

normally get because it has to last me for four weeks because I don't do my

shopping every week I normally do it maybe once or sometimes twice a month so

that's the reason why Cory says I love your hair mr. Duncan can I just say in

my life I've had some very strange hairstyles I really have I've had my

hair very long I've had my hair very short I've even had my hair different

colors I once colored my hair red can you believe it

although it was in the 1980s to be honest with you many people in the 1980s

were coloring their hair so that's the reason why I did that

but yes I've had my hair done in many ways however I like I like my hair in

this photograph I like my hair can you see it it looks it looks very strange

it looks curly and that's because my hair was very curly in that photograph

so I quite liked my hair there I wish my hair looked like that now unfortunately

it doesn't unfortunately my hair does not look like that anymore

sadly not anymore I was I think I was 17 17 years old when that photograph was

taken so it was a very long time ago I'm pretty sure there are lots of people

now adding on their fingers trying to work out how old I am mmm

I think so so we are talking about lots of things today including abbreviations

as well do you ever see abbreviations in your day-to-day life and it's very

interesting that there are many ways of using abbreviations and there are many

types of abbreviation as well so that is something we are going to look at a

little bit later on not just yet because right now I want to show you an

excerpt from one of my lessons oh yes I I can't resist showing you an excerpt

from a lesson I made many years ago talking all about spring because spring

is now in the air spring is approaching do you have spring where you are well if

you don't this is what this is what it looks like here in the UK

of course springtime here in England would not be complete without mentioning

the flower that has become synonymous with this particular season the daffodil

this flower can be easily found during spring in both the countryside and the

suburban Gardens all across Britain there are many different varieties to be

found here the most common one displaying an all yellow flower head it

is called the king alfred narcissus there is even a miniature daffodil which

originally grew in Portugal and Spain the poet William Wordsworth immortalized

the daffodil inverse with his famous poem simply entitled daffodils I

wandered lonely as a cloud that floats on high o'er vales and Hills when all at

once I saw a crowd a host of golden daffodils beside the lake beneath the

trees fluttering and dancing in the breeze

springtime does not arrive at the same time everywhere in the world

for example springtime in Australia comes as we in England prepare for

winter countries in the northern hemisphere experience spring near the

start of each new year while those living in the southern hemisphere

experience spring towards the end

during the cold winter months some creatures will go to sleep

we call this hibernation this happens because food tends to be scarce during

the winter season during early spring these animals will wake up again

creatures that hibernate include bats dormice hedgehogs and many types of

insects although most birds do not hibernate

there is in fact one that does it is called the poor will and can be found in

certain parts of the USA

hello pretty girl bird hello handsome boy bird hmm why do we go away together

somewhere okay for most animals springtime is the season for well you

know the birds and the bees and all the other animals get together to make

little versions of themselves okay no more beating about the bush it's the

mating season for example many birds will begin to build nests using old

twigs mud and dead leaves the females will lay their eggs and assuming that no

other predator comes along and eats them the eggs will hatch out many other

animals will also begin breeding during spring including rabbits sheep and

various other wildlife I hope you enjoyed that an excerpt from one of my

lessons all about springtime because spring is definitely on the way

spring is on its way I hope you are feeling good today hi everybody here we

go then I hope you are having a good one it is

Wednesday and it is yes look at that it's episode 50 of English addict I

can't believe it I can't believe already I have made it all the way to episode 50

of English addict I hope you are enjoying today's livestream hello to Ana

Ana Rita asks do they know do they know you as the famous English teacher on

YouTube in Much Wenlock mr. Duncan so do local people know me for my English

lessons on YouTube some people do there are some people who are on the council

they are very higher officials in Much Wenlock and they know all about my work

and they are very keen and very interested in what I do

they are quite inquisitive because quite often I will talk about Much Wenlock I

will talk about the place in which I live and quite a few people have

expressed an interest they've said oh we would very much like to come to where

you live we would like to come to your town one day for a visit so yes some

people do know me for my English lessons some people know me because of my

filming of course because quite often I will walk around making my lessons and

sometimes I will also do live streams as well so I will do live streams from in

the town where I live so all of the people are walking around me and there I

am standing in the local square talking to myself or talking into the camera

whilst doing a live stream so yes some people do know me

some people don't want to know me some people want to know more about me it

just depends really it depends who it is so we are talking about abbreviations

today I think this is an interesting subject to be honest I think this is

quite an interesting subject hello - fing Feng Quin

nice to see you here today we should all plant trees because we damage nature so

much says quarry hello also - marina nice to see you as

well thank you for your lovely comments about my spring lesson I love this time

of year I love spring time because it's when

everything starts to wake up all of the plants and all of the trees start to

wake up again and of course many animals also go to sleep during winter Pedro

says Mr Duncan you can introduce yourself like James Bond you can say my

name is Duncan James Duncan like James Bond well unfortunately my name is the

other way round so James is my second name Duncan is my

first name so we have it in a different order Palmero mr. Duncan you are the

best ambassador for your area Shropshire thank you very much for that

Thank You pal Miura that's very kind so yes some people do know me some people

find me slightly annoying because I'm always walking around with the camera

and here in the UK people get very afraid whenever they see someone with a

camera they always think maybe their privacy is going to be invaded somehow

coy hello coy new Winn wants to ask me a question well you can ask it doesn't

mean that you're going to get an answer but you can always ask the question

it doesn't mean I will answer it so it really depends on your question Marina

says all of your lessons have interesting subjects thank you very much

well today's subject there you can see we are talking about abbreviations to

shorten a word or sentence so as to make it easier to use you abbreviate

something to save time so abbreviation is an action where you shorten a word or

in some cases you also shorten a sentence as well so there are many ways

of using abbreviations quite often we will shorten something and there are

many different ways of using abbreviations we also have lots of words

that we can use as well for example you abbreviate you shorten you cut you

curtail you abridge you condense abbreviate shortened cut curtail abridge

condense so if you abbreviate something you make it shorter quite often we do

this because we we want to save time quite often if you are writing things

down if you are writing things down and you have to do it quickly sometimes it

is very useful to abbreviate shorten to make something shorter so abbreviation

can be very useful very useful thing indeed so there are many ways of

defining the word also there are four types of abbreviation I don't know if

you know this but there are four types of abbreviation you have initialism

acronym shortening and also contraction so

initialism acronym shortening and also contraction so these are the four types

of abbreviation so first of all initialism well there you can see now on

the screen initialism an initialism is formed from

the first letters of a group of words we pronounce each letter individually so we

have some examples of initialism so this is a very popular form of abbreviation

so quite often we will use these abbreviations when we want to say

something that contains a lot of words and letters so we can shorten it and we

call this initialism so we have some examples here of abbreviations using the

initials FBI so you have FBI so you are taking the first letter from each word

f.b.i Federal Bureau of Investigation you will also notice that you don't use

the word of so when you form an abbreviation this type of abbreviation

does not include of and also and is normally ignored so the Federal Bureau

of Investigation is the FBI ASAP this means as soon as possible could you do

it ASAP could you do it as soon as possible

CD I'm sure most people know that this means compact discs it's much easier to

say CD that is of course if you still have them because

most people now don't use CDs then we have CEO chief executive officer f AQ

frequently asked questions so these are all examples of initialism this is one

particular type of abbreviation P L C public limited company you F o

unidentified flying object u.s.a United States of America v a t-value added tax

so there you can see some examples of initializing you will just take the

first letter from each main word hello to the live chat oh yes there are some

other ones as well there are many abbreviations that we can use quite a

few hello to my hand new in I know you through mr. Alex D I

think there are many people here watching at the moment who may have come

from Alex D so a big hello to all those watching in Vietnam and all of the

viewers of Alex D nice to see you here today

Tao dang says on my cooker there is a function with the word DIY I have never

used that can you explain what DIY means so the initials DIY normally they will

stand for do-it-yourself so Do It Yourself Do It Yourself d.i.y

so quite often if you are doing something on your own

if you are not getting another person to help you you might just do it yourself I

don't know why it appears on your cooker so maybe where you are perhaps DIY means

something else so maybe it has another meaning where you are I'm not sure hello

to Bukhari am a man I am watching you from Niger

oh hello to you hello Bukhari mog mog is here when I send SMS so even SMS on your

mobile phone such as this one so in my hand at the moment I have my my mobile

phone and you can see I'm watching myself on my mobile phone but also quite

often on my mobile phone I will send s M s and this means short

message service so the SMS means short message service

you will send text messages so that's what SMS means when you are sending a

message on your phone short message service Pham my also says I know you

from Alex D Wow thank you very much and welcome welcome to my lovely community

of English learners everyone here is in English addict we are crazy about

English so there are many initialisms and of course there are some rules as

well for capital letters so here are the rules for using capital letters when we

are using abbreviations in the form of initialisms if the first letter of the

full form are capital letters then we always write the abbreviation with

capital letters for example in the full form we always write Federal

Bureau of Investigation with capital letters for the first letters of each

word because it is the name of an official organization so that is the

reason why we put capital letters therefore we have no choice we must also

write the abbreviated form in capitals so Federal Bureau of Investigation is

always spelt and written with capital letters and so the actual abbreviation

will also have capital letters I hope I've explained that clearly and we also

have rules for full stops when we are talking about

initializing abbreviations so in British English we do not normally put full

stops between each letter for initialisms so you can see some examples

there FBI know full stops no calm no periods no spacing with full stops so we

never put full stops between the initials in American English it is a

question of style using full stops is more common in American English so you

can see the examples at the bottom FBI can be written down with or without full

stops or as they say in American English periods so a period is a full stop now

we have oh I like the I like these very much I really do

I love acronyms what about you do you like acronyms an acronym is formed from

the first letters of a group of words we pronounce the acronym as a word so you

will actually say the abbreviation as if it is a word for

example NASA the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is abbreviated

in the form of an acronym so we say NASA to be honest with you that is much

easier to say then we have NATO the North American Treaty Organization but

it is much easier to say NATO then we have OPEC something that has been in the

news over the past couple of days the Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries we call it OPEC because it's much easier to say and then we have pin

pin this means your personal identification number it is often used

as a code for your bank card someone might steal your pin or your pin number

then we have RAM which is used in computing random access memory

so this basically refers to computer memory we call it Ram then we have sim

now this is often used in cell phones or mobile phones so SIM stands for

subscriber identification module it is the little card that you put in your

phone to make it work then we have that this is something that exists here in

the UK so when you buy something when you buy something you have to pay v a T

so this is a type of tax that is put on top of things that you buy certain items

will have V a T or quite often we will call it that value-added tax

and finally we have zip zip which is normally used in the USA zone

improvement plan so this is the postcode that is used in the USA the type of post

code that is used in the United States they call it the zip or some people say

zip code so if you look at the bottom v8 e value added tax is a special case it

can be two types of abbreviation it can be an acronym and we pronounce it as one

word VAT which rhymes with cat that it can also be treated as an initialism and

we pronounce each letter separately v80 so v80 all that means the same thing

value-added tax with this type of abbreviation we do not use full stops

after each letter of an acronym this is because we treat acronyms as words and

pronounce them as words we never write full stops in the middle of words it is

a basic grammar rule you never put full stops in the middle of words hello to

the live chat a lot of people here nice to see so many people here today thank

you very much for your lovely messages yes we often write abbreviations with

capital letters especially if the abbreviation is an organization or

something that is a name a name we also have Jamelia here oh hello Jamelia I

haven't seen you for a while nice to see you back here today Rolfie it is worth

say that social media and the use of

smartphones has contributed a lot when it comes to acronyms and abbreviations

yes there is a whole a whole language nowadays that is used by young people on

their mobile phones or their cell phones so when they are actually sending

messages on their phones they will use lots of abbreviations and lots of slang

that has been abbreviated so yes you are right you are right pal Mira says oh

hello Luis Mendez I did not know do you know the meaning of Bistrot it derives

from the Russian bistro for example quickly oh I see so the word bistro

which you will see used often in the USA and also in France and here as well so

even here in the UK we have bistros it actually derives from Russian I didn't

know that to be honest hello mr. Duncan from Silvia

nice to see you here today hello to you I will have to watch this video several

times says Guadalupe well that is the wonderful thing about YouTube the

wonderful thing is you can watch this lesson many times you don't have to

watch it one time you can watch it as many times as you want you can watch it

once or you can watch it a thousand times if you feel like it so we are

talking about different types of abbreviation here's another one

shortenings shortenings a shortening is an abbreviation in which the beginning

or the end of the word has been left out or omitted so if you omit something if

you omit something it means you leave it out you don't include it there are two

types of shortenings you have type one which is treated as a real word for

example you might have add add so when we say add we are actually saying

advertisement to promote a product or service is an ad did you see the ad in

the newspaper I am going to put an ad in the newspaper so quite often we will

shorten the word but also we will use it as a word so ad is a shortening of

advertisement and then we have app so for all those who use their mobile

phones app means application however we actually use the proper word as well we

use app as the word to describe an application and then we have flu flu a

lot of people at the moment are suffering from flu and a few people have

also got corona virus which is not flu so flu is once again a shortening of

influenza influenza so a lot of people these days will say flu instead of

influenza then we have blog well a web blog or a web log so a web log is a

recording normally in text so you will write things down you were right you may

be stories about your life or maybe you will write some information about a

certain topic blog so web log is the full form

and the shortened is Blagh Blagh many years ago I used to have my own

blog then we have Rhino rhino a rhino it well as you can see it is the

abbreviation of rhinoceros rhinoceros which is a wild animal also an animal

that is hunted quite alarmed so we use type 1 shortenings like real words we

write them and say them as one word so even though you are shortening the word

you are still pronouncing the abbreviation as if it is a word then we

have typed - shortening so these are not treated as real words now this means

that you can write them down but you can't pronounce them you don't use them

when you are speaking they are only used when you write not when you speak so the

type - shortenings are not treated as real words for example you have February

Saturday and Wednesday they are all shortened you can see that they are

shortened however we only use these abbreviations when we are writing we

never use them when we are speaking so you never say Feb you never say Sat you

never say wed when you are using the abbreviations you will always say the

full word however if you are writing you will use the abbreviation so you only

use them when you are writing down as you can see also we have e.t.c which

means etc etc which is Latin for and the rest type do shortenings are only used

in writing but when we say or read we say the full version of the word so

if we are writing please send me the fehb accounts well you will never say

that you will always say please send me the February accounts so you only use

this type of shortening when you are writing when you are writing this is a

big topic but I hope it is interesting

yes ad so you have ad which is advertisement

and you have app app which means application I'll try not to forget that

says Ralphy I'm very pleased to hear that

hello also Anna nice to see you here Oh liang shuang new ian hi teacher and

everyone in the class I am late it's ok LAN it's ok as I always say it is better

to be safe than sorry it is better to be late than never

hello min min Xiao Pham as well nice to see you here watching on the livestream

so we do have a lot of abbreviations and there are many types of abbreviation as

well so finally we have all we have contractions contractions now

contractions are something you will see a lot in English contractions

contractions are abbreviations in which we omit letters from the middle of a

word we do not write a full stop at the end of a contraction the first letter is

a capital letter only only if the full word starts with a capital letter so you

can see some type 1 contractions and these are missing letters from one

word so you can see some common examples of contractions for example doctor

doctor so when we use a contraction we are shortening a word by leaving

certain letters out dr. so you can see that we are using the first letter and

the last letter government and once again you can see the contraction that

is used so these types of contractions are missing letters from just one word

one word then we have st. quite often you will see this abbreviation used

normally outside churches or quite often in the street as well you might see some

streets named after a famous saint and then we have mr. as in mr. Duncan and

then we have type 2 contractions which include missing letters from more than

one word we often use an apostrophe in fact we always use an apostrophe to

represent the missing letters so where the letters are missing you will put an

apostrophe in its place so for example she is becomes she's they would becomes

they'd do not become don't we will becomes will will and those are the

contractions

we use contractions a lot in English in fact I have talked about contractions

right here on my English lessons on my English addict livestream I have talked

all about contractions and in English we use them quite

often especially when we are in a hurry when we don't have time to say

everything all the things we want to say hello Belarusian hello Connell hello hi

Arnab hello also LAN a game nice to see you here thank you very much for your

lovely company Belarus ear is here hello Belarus ear Luis Mendez went to

the dentist the other day for a hygiene checkup hmm I was wondering if Lewis

went to see you maybe he got on a plane and flew all the

way to have his teeth checked I don't know so we have something else to look

at now we have some initial ations or initialisms can you see these do you

know any of these can you identify any of these so these are abbreviations that

are often used in English they are abbreviations of well-known

organizations so do you know any of these can you name any of them I will

give you a chance to leave your messages so if you know any of these please tell

me please say mr. Jenkin I know what they are or I know what some of those

are let me know thanks teacher for a nice lesson that's okay I'm not going

just yet I will be going in around ten minutes ten minutes I will be going

mappack says Oh mr. Duncan I know one of them I know one of them

there it is that one r.i.p we say r.i.p we

in peace rest in peace r.i.p and we use this when we are

talking about a person who has recently died we might say rest in peace

I hope they rest in peace r.i.p that's a good one

mappack says oh i can see what mr. Duncan I can see one un there it is

un United Nations so when we say UN we are saying United Nations a group of

countries that all come together pachu says BBC in fact a couple of people have

mentioned BBC where is it there it is BBC is a well-known television company

based in the UK BBC is an abbreviation of British Broadcasting Corporation

British Broadcasting Corporation Tam hello Tam GDP GDP says tam where is it

GDP right at the bottom GDP relates to gross domestic product so it normally

relates to the productivity within a certain country black gotcha

says oh yes there is another one there WH o WH o stands for it means the World

Health Organization the World Health Organization and of course at the moment

we are we are hearing a lot a lot of things about the world

old health organization as they talk all about the coronavirus

we have IOC IOC now IOC means International Olympic Committee IOC the

International Olympic Committee Oktay also has World Health Organization there

it is World Health Organization I think we've almost got all of them now almost

all of them Cory is going now see you later Cory I will be back with

you on Friday by the way I am back with you

on Friday just in case you were wondering when I am back with you Matt

PAC says RSPCA oh yes that is quite a long one isn't it

RSPCA so here in the UK we have an organization that takes care of animals

so animals that have been abandoned or maybe animals that are ill RSPCA the

Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals

the RSPCA the Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty or prevention

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals RSPCA so that is an organization we have in

this country that takes care of animals

there are many abbreviations of cities around the world yes thank you you have

spotted you have spotted that one la la Los Angeles Los Angeles so a lot of

people will say la in of Los Angeles I'm off to LA for two

weeks la Los Angeles Los Angeles PC PC well PC isn't there but yes you are

right PC means personal computer also here in

the UK a lot of people say PC to me political correctness so things that you

have to say to avoid offending anyone we call it political correct or political

correctness

Alfredo asks what does DND oh there it is yes

dn D means do not disturb do not disturb d n D do not disturb so

maybe if you work in an office building an office building you might see the

sign on the door it says D and D do not disturb do not come in of course there

are many others as well

TLC says Jamelia t L see yes TLC tender loving care tender loving

care if you treat someone tenderly you treat them gently you treat them well

you treat them with love and kindness T L C RSVP yes an RSVP is normally asked

for when you are inviting someone to a party so maybe you will you'll you will

invite a person to a party and you will ask them to respond so

respond ACV play respond de cebú play is RSVP and of course it is French f.y.i

for your information I know I featured that in one of my English lessons I did

so those are the abbreviations now we have all we have some an acronym so we

have NASA opec ASAP POTUS czars and also brick brick which

refers to a group of Nations so NASA OPEC ASAP and also POTUS czars

and brick so Nash Nessa first of all let's look at Nessa Nessa so that is a

well known acronym Nessa what is political correctness political

correctness is a type of behavior or the way you do things so as not to offend

other people so you avoid offending other people you choose your words

carefully or you have to include everyone in what you are talking about

so political correctness is a very strict way of guiding everyone to speak

without causing offence the things you must say the things you have to do the

way you must behave so you don't offend anyone political correctness well so

many messages coming through here thank you very much so we have NASA

the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and then we have OPEC

OPEC would anyone like to answer OPEC

OPEC no no one's going to answer OPEC I will leave that open and then we have

ASAP ASAP or ASAP ASAP means as soon as possible you do something as soon as

possible thank you Tom NASA means National Aeronautics and

Space Administration yes thank you then we have POTUS I'm sure you know what

this means POTUS POTUS is an acronym for president

of the United States so the President of the United States now this is very

unusual because they are using the word the which we often leave out when we are

shortening or abbreviating a word or a sentence so POTUS stands for President

of the United States Oh a lot of people now have OPEC well done well done OPEC

the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries the Organization of Petroleum

Exporting Countries OPEC paratus and almost at the end almost finished

SARS I'm pretty sure we all know what's ours is do you remember SARS way back in

2003 a lot of people were suffering from SARS hmm

Oasis you too hello Oasis you too I guess they are your favorite groups I

think you are a big fan of Oasis and also you too watching in China hello to

you where are you where am i I am in England at the moment talking to you

live so hi there Oasis you too where are you in China which part of China

are you in I am very interested to know so SARS SARS rose red

oh thank you rose red for your answer SARS it is of course severe acute

respiratory syndrome it's not easy to say that by the way that's why we say

SARS instead because it's much easier to say SARS instead of severe acute

respiratory syndrome it's too hard to say so it's much easier to say SARS

severe means bad serious so if you have something that is severe severe it means

it is very very serious something that is serious something that

can cause harm is severe to treat someone harshly or cruelly means severe

you treat a person severely then we have finally we have brick BR I see now many

years ago we would use this to describe a group of countries that were all

developing at a very quick rate so this actually means a group of countries

Brazil Russia India and anyone Brazil Russia India and China

so the BRIC countries are a group of countries that have been developing very

quickly at a very high rate Brazil Russia India China Thank You rose red

once again you have been very active on today's live chat by the way very active

before I go there is another interesting part of this discussion about

abbreviations there is also a portmanteau which is a word that is made

of the parts of two separate words so you can take two separate words and you

can take parts of those words and join them together so portmanteau is actually

a word that is created by using parts of two words two separate words for example

we have Motel Motel which is Motor Hotel so a place where you park your car and

then you will stay overnight at a hotel we will often to refer to it we will

often call it a motel then we have smog this is also a portmanteau smoke fog so

you might have a combination of smoke and fog we will call it smog smog

Cineplex another portmanteau and this is a

combination of the words cinema and complex Cineplex and finally we have

infomercial infomercial and this is a portmanteau which is made

up of informational commercial so an informational commercial is called an

infomercial infomercial so that is also a portmanteau even the word portmanteau

is a portmanteau so that's strange yes you can also call it blending you will

take parts of two words and you will blend them together you will put them

together to create a new word quite often we will refer to it as a

portmanteau portmanteau that's almost it I can't believe it in fact we have over

run by seven minutes seven minutes I will be back with you when will I be

back oh I'm back on Friday don't forget I'm with you on Friday and

Friday the third team Friday the 13th many people believe that Friday the 13th

is unlucky so I will see you then thank you very much for your company thanks a

lot I love England I like the bands that come from

Manchester says Oasis you too okay then but whereabouts are you I'm very

intrigued I'm interested to find out where you are in China I really want to

know hi Arnab thank you very much thank you so much mr. Duncan for another great

livestream I have to go now mind yourself take care mr. Duncan I

will try my best I hope you will take care as well don't forget keep your

hands clean maybe you can use a little bit of hand sanitizer or you

can also wash your hands as well with soap and hot water so I think there are

many ways to stay safe during this strange period of time that we are all

going through what I would say my advice would be keep calm and wash your hands

that is my final word today keep calm and wash your hands thank you

very much for your company Thank You solar salamu sir thank you very much

thank you also to Lilia thank you also to Isabella marina also Patrick mal Val

thank you very much for your company today also

Jamelia LAN knew in watching in Viet Nam can I say thank you to everyone watching

in Vietnam it is so nice to see you here I have had many requests over the past

few days people asking mr. Duncan can you please come to Vietnam I'm not sure

at the moment I'm not sure if I will be travelling anywhere this year because of

the problem so I don't think I will be travelling to any countries this year as

far as I know thank you also to Pat you pal mirror thank you sue Gian nice to

see you back by the way thank you thank you for coming today thank you

tau bang watching in Vietnam thank you very much for watching me today it's

been nice to see you here please keep calm and I will see you soon

says Oktay that's okay you are more than welcome don't forget also can you please

like and subscribe I know it seems a simple thing but if you like my video it

will help my videos be seen on YouTube thank you very much very nice to see you

all today thanks a lot I am back on Friday stay well stay happy keep that

smile on your face and everything will be all right

this is mr. Duncan in the birthplace of English saying thanks for watching thank

you for joining me wherever you are in the world I will see you on Friday 2

p.m. UK time and of course until the next time we meet here on YouTube you

know what's coming next yes you do

ta ta for now 8-)