👉Shoulda, Woulda, Coulda👈 / English Addict LIVE chat & Learning / 2nd March 2022 - with Mr Duncan

Here we go again.

It's another live stream

Hi, everybody.

Here we go again.

Yes, we are back once more on a very rainy day.

The rain is falling.

The rain is pouring

but I will try not to be boring,

and I hope I don't leave you snoring.

Here we go. We are back once again. Yes, it is.

English addict coming to you live from the birthplace of the English language, which just happens to be.

Oh, my goodness, it is England.

Mm hmm.

Mm hmm.

Mm hmm.

Oh, there you are. Hi, everybody. This is Mr.

Duncan in England.

How are you today?

Are you okay? I hope so.

Are you happy?

I hope so.

I hope you're feeling good today.

Yes, it is raining.

I don't know why, but I think the weather outside really does

bring an air or a feeling.

It really is a good representation.

Of the mood that many people are in at the moment.

Here we are again. I will try to cheer you up.

I know there are lots of things going on in the world,

but I hope I can bring a smile on your face.

That's all I can say.

And that's all I can do.

It's the only thing I know how to do.

If I was honest with you, my name is Duncan.

I talk about English.

I like the English language very much.

You might say that I am an English addict.

I am one of those an English addict.

You see, there is my face revolving

above the screen next to me.

Here we go, then.

Yes, we are back together once more.

For those who like the English language,

well, you are in the right place because I like the English language.

And I have a feeling you do as well. Here we are.

Yes, we have made it

to the middle of the week.

And I have to say, we have all breathed

a sigh of relief that we have made it this far into another week.

And of course, it is also a new month.

Welcome to March.

Yes, it's Wednesday.

To pee

pee pee pee pee pee pee pee pee, TBD, TBD, PDP.

The PDP do better.

Bulleen,

I'm a bit tight today.

I don't know what's going on

my chest.

My chest feels very tight.

I think it might be the atmosphere.

It might be some pollution in the air.

I don't know really.

But my chest feels slightly tight.

I might have a little bit of the dreaded asthma today, so please

excuse me if I keep disappearing and coughing.

That's the reason why you see.

Oh, by the way, you may have noticed there is someone's face next to me.

Sadly, Mr. Steve

is not here.

But not only is he not here on the live

stream, he isn't here at all.

He's gone away.

Conferences have started again. Yes.

Just to show how much things are starting

to get back to normal here in England.

Mr. Steve has now gone away on a conference.

They are all meeting face to face

in person, not on Zoom,

not on face time in person.

So Mr.

Steve at the moment is far, far away in York.

Have you ever been to York?

It's a very nice place.

They have a very famous place, a church, a large cathedral,

you might call it York Minster, a very beautiful place.

Hello.

Also to the live chat, I suppose I should say hello to you.

Hello.

Nice to see you here today.

Who was first on today's live chat, I wonder?

Let's have a look, shall we?

Oh, hello, Claudia.

Claudia. Claudia.

Janis wants you all first on today's live chat.

Not only am I going

to say well done, but also, I hope you are feeling better

because you have had the dreaded Luigi

you know what I'm talking about out there in YouTube.

And so I hope you are feeling much better today.

Claudia, please let us know how you are feeling.

And I hope you are feeling better.

Hello, Mosen. Hello, Beatrice.

Hello to the test.

Hello, also, kristina.

We also have.

Oh, welcome back to Luis Mendez.

Who is here today.

Welcome back.

I hope you fixed your computer not only yourself, but also myself as well.

I've also had computer problems.

I'm feeling rather proud of myself because to yesterday,

I was able to expand my programme

It's nothing rude,

so I have a little bit more memory inside my computer now.

I did have 32 gigabytes, but now I have 64

gigabytes of random access memory,

which means my computer will be working a little bit more smoothly.

I hope I'm keeping my fingers

and also my toes and quite likely my legs.

I'm keeping them all crossed to make sure, of course

there is one part of my computer that I want to replace but I can't at the moment.

I mentioned this on Sunday, my lovely graphic card

has sadly

started to fail, so I have to buy a new one.

The only problem is you may have heard a lot of people at the moment

are into Bitcoin mining and because of that,

certain computer parts have become really expensive,

including graphics cards So what I need to do

is improve the graphics on my computer

because my poor little graphics card is not working very well.

Back to Lewis.

Thank you, Lewis, for letting me know that you would not be here last Sunday.

I'm glad to see you here.

Today, and I really hope you have solved

your computer programme problems.

Hello.

Also, Palmira is here today.

Hey, Z seeker Elena.

Hello, Elena.

I like your name, by the way.

Elena, nice to see you here today.

We also have a Liu Ma.

Hello, Liu Ma.

Where are you watching at the moment?

I'm always keen.

I'm always interested to find out where you are in the world.

Don't forget to tell me,

Louis.

It's the 17th. This here. Hello. Louis.

I haven't seen you for a long time, Louis.

The 17th.

What have you been doing?

How you been? Busy. Monarch King.

I think so.

Would the word Anglophile

be an appropriate term for an English addict?

Yes, I suppose so.

An Anglophile.

A person who is crazy about all things

connected to English or England?

Yes, I suppose you could say that. Definitely.

Abdullah. Hello? Abdullah Bashir.

Mr. Duncan, you are the best.

Please keep going.

I will try my best to keep going

for as long as I can.

We also have Beatrice.

Yes, oh, yes.

Talking of Louis Mendez and his computer.

Yes, it is very expensive to repair computers.

Beatrice says mine is older than yours, and I've just updated it.

When I was in Beyond Aires.

It was very expensive, but it was worth it.

Absolutely.

It is an expensive thing to get into.

If you want to be able to use your computer for many different things,

you have to have a good computer.

You have no choice about it.

Very similar to my situation here in my studio.

I have to make sure that my computer works properly.

It is functioning well, but also I have to make sure that all of the parts

and all of the things inside the computer are up to date as well.

So yes, it can be a very expensive thing

to do that to have a computer and also to run a computer as well.

You are right.

Hello, Duong.

Hello to Vietnam.

How are things there at the moment?

Are they good?

Hello also to.

Oh, we have Vitoria here as well.

Thank you.

Vitoria hello.

Dr. Ha.

Hello, Dr. Ha.

I like your name all.

You really are a doctor because sometimes

people call themselves doctor, but they are not really a doctor.

For example, Dr.

Dre isn't actually a real doctor.

He's a rapper.

You think

Max is here?

Hello, Max. Po, nice to see you here. As well.

Yes, we are talking about the English language because I like English.

I do. I really like it very much.

I mean, I've been speaking English

for nearly 57 years, so that's the reason why

apparently Louis has been haunting the catacombs,

the small places that you can hide

in the catacombs of the live chat I see.

I hope you haven't been trolling everyone.

I hope so.

I hope you have been behaving yourself.

YouTube have recently introduced a new thing

where each person who hosts a live stream

can actually create their own terms.

Of service.

For example, I could now publish my own terms of service

for those who want to take part in my live chat

so I can actually come up with my own rules.

And before you can actually chat here

you have to agree to those rules.

I haven't done it yet,

but I did receive an email from YouTube asking

if I would like to introduce

my own terms of use

something that you will have to agree with.

If you want to use my live chat.

I suppose the only thing I would like to say is

I hope everyone who comes here has a good sense of humour

because we still have to smile, we still have to laugh,

we still have to keep our spirits up

however difficult it may seem,

we still have to try and do it.

Today we are looking at one or two things to do with the English language.

What is a double negative?

It is something people use quite often

in English, a double negative of what is it?

I will be talking about that a little bit later on.

Also, there are many different ways of talking and there are many different ways

of changing certain words, especially one when you want to use

a certain type of slang or a certain type

of colloquialism colloquialism.

That's a great word.

A colloquialism is a word

that is used in certain places or maybe a phrase or a type of slang.

So today we are talking about reduction means in English.

It sounds complicated, but to be honest with you, it is not.

So that is something else we are looking at later on today, and

I thought we would do something a little bit different as well

because a lot of people are talking about winter here

in England because on the 1st of March, technically

it was the end of winter.

However,

I am a little displeased,

to be honest, because the winter

that is just coming to an end here in England as being very free from snow,

we haven't had any snow whatsoever,

so I thought I would put that right right now

by showing you a little video clip

that was taken a couple of years ago when we had some snow.

However, this year,

this winter, we've had no snow at all.

And to be honest, I did kind of miss it.

Wow, is that lovely?

We've had no snow this year.

Winter here in England is now coming to an end

and we've had no snow whatsoever.

So to make up for that,

I couldn't resist showing a video that I made a couple of years ago.

We did have a little bit of snow last year, last winter,

but the winter of this year, that is just coming to an end.

We've had no snow whatsoever.

And I have to be honest with you, I did miss it and for some reason.

Can I just share something with you, something personal

I am so glad that this winter is coming to an end.

I don't know why.

It seemed to be a very long winter, not particularly cold,

but miserable, I think is the word,

especially when you only have very short days.

And this is something I've mentioned before here in England.

We have short days during the winter.

It gets dark very early during the winter,

but now slowly the days are becoming longer

and spring will be here very soon.

And that's the reason why I always feel slightly uplifted.

I feel uplifted when

March arrives because technically

it is the start of spring,

even though officially spring

does not start until the end of March.

So towards the end of March is when spring

officially begins.

Hello, welcome. Yes, it is English addict.

And yes, I am here with you alive on a Wednesday,

Wednesday, the 2nd of March two days into March.

They often say that

number two looks a little bit like a duck.

We often say that

the number two looks like one of these.

And it is when you think about it, it does look a little bit

like a little dip I think so.

Hello, also to

Marcia Cardozo.

Hello to you.

Thank you for joining me on today's live stream.

Now, as I mentioned earlier, Mr.

Steve is not here.

Unfortunately, there is no Mr. Steve today.

For those who are a fan of the words of wisdom that Mr.

Steve often comes out with.

He's not here, but is also not here in the house.

He's gone away all the way to York.

And for those who know what the UK looks like

and the places and how far away they are,

York is a very long way from much Wenlock.

So there is no Mr. Steve.

But I thought we would make up for it

by spending a little bit bit of time in the kitchen.

So this is a video that we recorded well in

I think it was in November, 2020

when we went into the kitchen to make some scones.

And as you know, Mr.

Steve enjoys cooking and also baking.

So I couldn't resist showing the moment

that we went into the kitchen and we decided to make some lovely scones.

And that is what is following right now.

And then after this it is more live English.

Hi, everybody.

Welcome to Mr.

Duncan's kitchen on a Saturday night.

And guess what? Mr.

Steve is going to show us how to make his magic scones

The only problem is we are missing one important ingredient, and that is Mr.

Steve.

Come on, Mr. Steve.

Hello, Hello.

Here he is. Here I am.

This normally is an English teaching channel, but today it's a cookery channel,

so you can learn how to make scones or scones

and learn some new English words as well.

So without any more messing about.

Let's get on with it, shall we? I'm ready, Mr. Duncan.

I have all my ingredients made out here on this

rather small area that I'm going to make these skins on.

So. Right. The most important thing is this

weighing device scales.

And I'll use the old fashioned non electronic ones.

I've had these since I was about 20. Right.

So first ingredient, of course, I've got my cookery book here.

This is a very big The Good Housekeeping Guide, but Mr.

Duncan wants to put a Good Housekeeping book.

I've had this again my mother bought this for me

when I was about 18 when I left home.

And it's got everything in here you could possibly want to cook.

So on page three, seven, eight, it tells me how to make scones.

The first thing is I want eight ounces of self-raising flour.

So we're going to weigh this

Here we go, eight full ounces.

It's self-raising, of course, because we want the scones

to rise in the oven

so that they're nice and delicate and spongy and nice to eat.

So we also want to make it rise even more.

So we add some baking powder, so it just helps it to rise a bit more.

So how much do we want, Mr. Duncan?

Baking powder that we want One level teaspoon.

Now, here is my magic spoons.

They have all the the different measurements that you might need in cookery.

So what did I say?

Half a teaspoon. A whole teaspoon. Mr. Duncan's chef.

What does it say?

Let's check again one level teaspoon baking powder.

There we go. We also want some salt.

We want half a teaspoon of salt, which sounds odd for cakes.

Let's just out in the living facility.

I think it's because that's just the flavour.

So we need to save everything to make sure that aren't any lumps

And it also helps to mix the ingredients.

Plus, I just like sitting.

See if this is a sieve

so it takes out all the lumps and also creates.

Thank goodness.

A big cloud of flour at the same time of the day.

Here we go.

So I'll give it a bit of a mix.

I'll give it a bit of a mix, Mr.

Duncan, just to make sure that all those other ingredients are mixed up.

Now, they will say, you want cool hands for baking,

because if your hands are sticky and hot, everything gets sticky.

Right now. We've got to add some fat to this, Mr. Duncan.

How much do we need?

We want one to two ounces of butter,

which is 25 to 50 grams.

Eight ounces of flour, by

the way, is 225 grams of flour.

So I'm going to add two ounces because I can add two ounces will make it

just a little bit more rich than it otherwise would have been.

In fact, I might just add a little bit more.

Maybe get two ounces of fast.

Any old fat will do.

Simply put the fat into their

with the flour and then you've got to mix it all up.

I like this bit.

So you sort of squash

the flour with the fat

and eventually and all sort of combines together.

Now, I should be using a bigger bowl. Really.

Can you describe this is kneading?

No, this isn't kneading.

This is just sort of mixing.

You're just blending the fact with the flour.

And what happens is it turns into sort of bread crumbs is quite magic the way it happens.

And of course, we need to get it nicely, evenly mixed up.

Here we go.

Make sure it's all blended in.

I'm not really using the correct bowl.

You normally use a bigger bowl, but I haven't got one because I broke it.

It's only recently that I've started actually baking again.

Now, can you see what's happened here, Mr. Dunk?

All the flour has blended with the fat,

and we've got sort of bread crumbs.

A break from the effect?

Yes. It's quite magic, isn't it?

So I can't believe that this will eventually become scones.

Well, it will. And I'm just.

I can feel the end of a bit of fact here, so I'm just trying to blend it in to make sure it's

all correctly done because we don't want these sort of lumps of blended fat.

Right.

My mother always used to say, you want cool hands for making cakes.

Right. Here we go.

It's always messy doing this.

Don't expect this to be not messy.

We're all old clothes now.

We need to add some milk.

We want a quarter of a pint of milk or a 150 mils.

Now, don't add it all in.

It once, because this is quite important, because you don't want the mixture to become sticky.

We want it to go into a consistency that's a bit like bread

So I'm going to add quarter of a pint of milk.

We're not going to put it all in.

We're going to leave some of it out

because we don't want it to get sticky

because we won't be able to turn into nice shapes.

If it does go too sticky, then we can just add some more flour to it.

I'm not going to get in there with my hands because there's nothing more satisfying

than needing a bit of dough That's perfect, Mr.

Dunk.

We just want it like that so that we can just it doesn't stick to our hands

if it sticks your hands at more flour, but it's best to buy it less than they suggest.

Right.

So next stage, Mr.

Duncan, is that I like fruit scones.

Here's the fruit raisin.

There we go.

I like raisins.

I like sweet stones.

Mr. Duncan wants cheese in his.

Oh, yes.

And there we go. So there's some cheese that I grated.

One of the things that I've noticed, Steve, is if you grate cheese,

it becomes more much easier to handle.

You can have.

You can handle it much easier. Right.

So because Mr.

Duncan wants cheese in his I'm going to split this in half,

and then I'll get in to

make the cheese ones with one half.

So I'll approximately cut it in half.

All right. That I'll just see what there they are the same.

Eight ounces.

Eight ounces.

So that's Mr. Duncan.

So these are approximately the same

and now I'm going to put cheese in.

We probably should have done this before, but it doesn't matter.

We can do it afterwards in engage the cheese

then I'm just going to sort of mash it in there. Hmm.

So you're mixing the cheese into the dough? Yes.

But probably if I wasn't splitting this into two lots,

I would have probably added the cheese in it

when I was mixing it in earlier.

But because Mr.

Duncan's awkward and he wants cheese, I do that.

I'm going to I'm going to mix it in now.

I love cheese, and it doesn't matter because we've got the perfect consistency for the dough here.

It's not sticking to my fingers.

It would blend the cheese in there.

You can add all sorts of things to this.

You might be interested to know that I haven't added

any sugar to this because you don't have to for scones,

right?

Is Mr.

Duncan's that's ready?

We're not going to overdo it. To sink it. We're cooking it out.

Overdo it.

Now I'm going to split it into three.

Going a roll.

It's a bit not going to split into three scones.

So, Mr. Duncan.

Yeah, because he's important.

So there we go.

A lot. You know, I might be able to get more than three.

I'll do three because that'll be quite nice.

Again, they're going to be very big scones.

They are going to be very big.

And now all I'm going to do is roll them like that.

I'm not going to mess around with them and put them onto

a baking sheet,

which has some flour on because I don't want it to stick

we don't need to be first to be this.

You can get proper things for cutting out nice shapes, but we're not going to bother.

We're just going to shove them onto the baking tray like that.

And then here's mine.

I don't want cheese in mine, so we want raisins in mine.

So I'm just going to add a handful of raisins and that'll do we have to measure it?

Just a few.

So I'm going to just blend that in the first half.

I did with the cheese and out of one mixture,

I've got two different types of stone, which is

I think that's very clever of you.

I think it's very not only clever, but also resourceful.

Yes, it shouldn't really handle this very much because

it's going to affect the way it rises.

Oh, I'm going to get three scans after this as well.

So I get one to

it's about.

All right,

there we go.

Don't need to be too precise with it.

Roll it up, stick it on.

It's on the baking tray that's ready to go in the oven.

One more thing to do we're just going to glaze.

We're going to put some milk on the top,

which just when they bake, it gives it a nice colour

you can use egg mixture for this,

which makes it look a bit better.

It just gives us a nice colour when it's cooked, it makes them look brown

egg works better, but you waste a whole egg

just to just to do this, right?

One baking tray into a hot oven.

So so now we're going to put these into the oven. You go,

oh, can you see what I've already got in there, Mr..

Mr. Steve has it. Mr.

Steve you have something else?

I have our team cooking in there already, which is chilly.

Come. Can I say so? The oven's already on.

So I'm not wasting electricity by just putting it on to cook the scones.

I've got the chilli in the bottom.

It's Kevin's in the top right now.

We got to time this Mr. Doom. Okay, we got it.

We'll stop that.

Okay.

It's done. Mr. Duncan, this goes in the oven.

What we're going to do, we're going to have a little break,

and then we're going to come back to see if there's Chilli Hong Kong.

And also the scones have cooked as they should.

And then we will eat them tomorrow live, if we will.

We will have one of the scones on the live stream.

Okay.

Does that sound like a good idea?

Okay. See you in a few moments.

I could take

a veggie.

Mr. Duncan.

Switch that off.

Okay. Mr. Duncan, they're coming out of the oven.

Yeah,

oh, look at that.

Oh, my goodness.

And I should put them on this cooling rack.

And there we go.

Oh, my God.

While I look at those,

they are the most amazing stones that I've ever seen.

I have to put them in for 15 minutes because they haven't really browned off.

Okay. Those are brand off more than mine.

These are the cheese ones here.

And these are obviously the fruit ones here.

Yeah, I use a brand of more because I think it's because they've got cheese in them,

but they will be done.

Yeah, I think it's safe to say that we have success.

One thing worth mentioning, if something is browned

off, it can also mean annoyed.

Or if you are sick and tired of something, something can make you feel annoyed.

You are you are

you've had enough of it.

You are feeling down, you are feeling

depressed, you are feeling browned off

anyway. That's it, Steve.

Let's go, shall we?

Yes. I often feel brand off with Mr. Duncan around.

That's nice. You got my clothes.

They're all warm and tense to Steve's guys.

Oven gloves.

They are very warm right there.

Off to cook the rest of tonight's meal.

And tomorrow, will they be the skins? Yes.

On on the live stream.

Tomorrow we are going to eat one of these stones each.

I will have a cheese one, and Mr.

Steve will have one of the fruit stones, and that's it.

I will return you back live to the studio.

Thank you very much, Mr.

Duncan.

I know one thing.

I really do want to eat a stone right now.

Yummy, yummy, yummy.

Oh, I really want to eat a Moscone.

I really do.

One of Mr.

Steve's delicious cakes

very nice. So very.

It was something different because I'm missing Mr. Steve.

He's a long, long way from here.

He's away on conference, and I couldn't resist having a little bit of Mr.

Steve in the kitchen making one of his delicious meals.

And in that particular video, he was making some scones,

a traditional English cake that you will have normally

in a local village tea room in the afternoon.

Quite often people will have a cup of tea, and as shown

with a little bit of butter or cream and maybe some jam as well.

And as you saw in that video, you can also have scones

with cheese as well,

which happened to be my favourite, to be honest.

It is English addict and yes, it is

Wednesday, the 2nd of March.

I hope you're having a good day.

I hope your week is going all right.

I know things are not perfect in the world at the moment,

but I will try to bring a smile to your face.

I will try my best

in a moment.

We are looking at something

that does occur quite often in English,

maybe more often than we realise,

especially in everyday talking and everyday speech.

Normal, everyday, casual, informal speech

and that is something called reductions.

Reductions.

I'm going to take you through this

and you can see above

my microphone, you can actually see some examples.

So hopefully this will help to explain

what a reduction is.

And you can see there are some words here,

but they don't look like English words,

and that's because they are reduced words.

They are words that have been changed

maybe for every day in formal speech

and you will see this sort of speech or hear this sort of speech

in general in formal situations.

So when we say informal,

we mean in a relaxed social setting

or maybe during an everyday occurrence.

When things happen in your everyday life, when you meet your friends, when you meet a person

you know in the street, you might just use

reductions in your English.

So, for example, we have here we have could you

would you,

should you

and you will see that they are spelt

very differently from what they are actually saying.

And that is what we are going to look at today.

We will spend a little bit of time doing this right now.

Reductions in English

is what we are looking at.

So I'm going to give you some examples of words that are used in English.

I suppose you would call them formal words.

And then afterwards we are going to look at the reduction of that particular word.

So I'm going to go through them and you might not believe this,

but I have received many requests

to actually talk about this subject.

So I'm doing it today for all those

who wanted to hear about reductions in English,

changing the sound of words or some time,

if you might merge the sounds of words together,

it's almost as if

you are creating a new word, very interested in naturally,

and it is quite common in everyday speech.

If you're not sure what I'm on about, if you don't know what I'm talking about,

well, hopefully over the next few minutes it will become much clearer.

Here we go then.

So this is gotta

gotta

quite often this is used

when you need to do something something you must do.

And in its correct sense,

in its formal sense,

Gotta,

gotta,

gotta.

I gotta see you tomorrow.

I gotta go to school this afternoon.

Gotta, gotta.

So you see here, right here

at the bottom of the screen, you will see

the reduction of

got too formal,

informal you will see right here on the screen.

So that is the formal sense

and that is the informal reduction

and you will often hear this used

in general social situations.

Z Sica says, I have gotta see you later.

I've got to see you.

I've got to, I've gotta move.

And you will notice also the spelling

quite often will be different as well.

Here's another one

I have a feeling a lot of people are going to mention Rick Astley

when I show the next one, which is coming up right now.

There it is on the screen

Garner.

Garner.

And of course, there was a famous song

by a man called Rick Astley

around the 1980s, the late 1980s and never going to give you up

and never going to give you up never going to let you down,

never going to run around and hurt you

gonna

And in its formal sense we will say

going to going to

so the reduction is gonna

never gonna give you up,

never gonna hurt you.

Formerly we would say going to going to

never going to give you up, never going to give you up,

never going to hurt you never going to hurt you.

You can see now the reduction

you can see how the reduction

is inserted

I will show the next one

and maybe you would like to guess what the next one actually is.

So here is the next 11 at one.

So there is the next word on the screen one.

But what is the formal sense of this word?

What how do we say this in formal English?

Formal English is English

that you must use in certain situations.

However, this is the reduction of that word.

Does anyone know

Duong says, I don't know how to use.

Gotta wanna garner in English.

They are strictly not observed,

even in formal English, even in the dictionary.

Quite often people will ignore

the use of reductions in English.

I will be honest with you.

Find a lot of people especially people

who are a little bit snobbish,

people who think English should always be perfect.

They don't like to hear reductions of words.

So want to is

want to want to.

I want to see you tonight.

I want to see you later.

I want to see you tonight.

I want to see you later.

So the reduction is one hour

in its formal sense.

Want to

I see.

Thank you, Mohsin.

Mr. Duncan got us thinking.

I know you

don't normally say got us thinking you might say.

Got to think.

I got to think about it.

I got to think about it.

I I've got to think about it.

I gotta think about it.

So not thinking.

Think

here's another one.

If you think you know the answer, just write it down

in the live chat.

Should have

should have

I don't know

what these are coming up as on the captions, by the way.

They're probably not.

Not coming up correctly.

Hello, Inaki.

I wanna love you and treat you right.

I believe that's a song, isn't it?

I think so.

Should

So what is should, uh, should a

this is a reduction

that is often used in everyday English.

Although it is not recognised in formal

English, it is not recognised

Here's another one.

Should.

There is, should have.

You should have called me last night.

You should have called me last night.

You should have called me last night.

So should I.

Is the reduction of should have should have

is another one

Woulda woulda

Again, we are using the reduction here.

So this is the reduction of what I would call

formal English

Does anyone know in Inaki says Bob Marley.

Do you remember him?

Yes, I know Bob Marley.

One of his most famous songs.

No Woman, No Crime,

No Woman, No Cry

Please,

hello to VIP.

Hello. Very nice to see you here.

So what is would I as a reduction

It is.

Thank you.

Galu galu has got it right.

Would have

woulda would have.

So when we are using the reduction,

you can see it.

There woulda it is actually would

have, would have,

would have.

I would have seen you.

But I arrived too late.

I would have seen you.

But I arrived too late

Here's another one.

And I think this next one is easy.

I think so.

Lewis, you are right. Yes.

Almost all the models with half and also

ending with half.

Yes, you are right. You are right.

That would be fair to say that they do end with

have in fact, a lot of them do.

They also end with it as well?

In many situations.

So the next one is Kuda. Kuda

and the idea is,

do you know what it is?

Kuda,

Christina? Yes.

Kuda is

could have could have good

I could have been a famous pop star.

I could have be the best English teacher in the world.

I could have been a famous pop star.

I could have been a famous pop star.

Could have could have

here's another one.

This is not necessarily

a reduction, but I still think that this is interesting

in it.

You will often hear this used at the end of sentences

when a person is reiterating

or enforcing what they've just said, they are making a statement,

and then at the end of the statement, they will reinforce

what they've said in it.

In it

in it

we are looking at reductions today.

Can you say could or not?

You can't say.

Could I not?

Thank you, Cristina, for that question.

This is

isn't it

in it?

Isn't it

in it?

Isn't it

And it's time for us to eat

in it.

Time for you to go home.

And it's time for Mr.

Steve's

scones to come out of the oven,

isn't it?

Isn't it?

Victoria says

war is wrong in it.

You are right.

Quite often it is

Here's another one.

We are getting through these quite quickly because I will be going soon.

Here is another one.

Ain't I?

Now this.

I'm going to say.

Now, this is a very common reduction

It is an abbreviation that is used quite often in British English.

You might find that reductions are more often used in American English.

However, you will find these days reductions

in English are used much more

in both British and American English.

However, this one this one is definitely

British English ain't it?

I live it.

Many years ago, this was seen as

a vulgar word, vulgar

So if a word is vulgar, it means it is horrible.

It is a word that you must never say.

It is a way of speaking that you must never use or do

ain't.

Although these days it is often used, especially in

I suppose you would say, in Cockney English

around the areas and suburbs of London,

you might hear a lot of people saying Ain't ain't

I ain't a thief,

I ain't your friend,

I ain't

formerly, we would say is not or have not.

He ain't my friend.

He ain't my brother.

He ain't heavy

He is my brother.

Another famous song there

when we say ain't

we are actually saying is not or have not.

He ain't my friend.

He ain't. He ain't my friend.

Most of these ways of

reducing English, by the way, I looked at quite negatively,

especially people who are a little bit snobbish about the English language,

they will often say, no, you should never use

reductions in English.

However, these days it has become more acceptable.

It really has Here's another one

kind of.

Kind of.

I kind of see you tonight.

I kind of I kind of sing.

I kind of sing

I want to sing,

but I kind of I kind of do it

I kind of

and this is normally

said as I cannot kind of

is cannot formally you would say can not

if you are reducing or using a reduction

in English, you will say kind of quite often also in Scottish as well,

people will say kind of or can say, hmm.

Did you know that so even though English

is spoken in Scotland quite often, a lot of the words

still have a Scottish sound to them.

Can I, can I do it

No, I'm not going to try

and do a Scottish accent because I might get

complaints.

So kind of is cannot something you are an able to do?

You can do it.

You cannot do it.

Here's another one.

Something that you might say

when you have no idea of the answer.

Maybe a person will ask you a question and you don't know the answer.

You might say,

I do know

I don't know

quite often in British English

people will say, I don't know

It is another way of saying, I don't know.

I don't know.

I do know I did home

so if you are listening to informal English

being used daily in a social situation,

or in maybe a moment where people are just talking

in a relaxed way, you might hear people use reductions.

However, there are many people who don't like them.

They do not like reductions in English.

I know is I don't know

We are now going to have a quick

look at a list of sentences which can also be reduced.

Would you like to see them?

Just before I go, I will show them to you on the screen.

Oh, so let's have a look at these sentences.

Are you?

Oh, yeah.

Oh, yeah.

Are you going out tonight?

Are you all you

can you

can you

can you

can you

can you see me tonight?

Can you see me tonight?

Could you

could you

could you

could you come around later?

Could you come round tonight and see me?

Could you could you.

Would you

would you.

Would you.

Would you

did you.

Did you.

Did you.

Did you.

Do you do you.

Do you want to see me tonight?

Do you want to see me tonight.

Don't you

don't show

will you.

Will you

do you want to.

Do you want to

or do you want to.

Do you want to do you want to.

Are you going to.

Are you going to.

Are you going to.

Are you going to go to the party

or are you going to see me tonight.

Are you going to.

Do you have to see.

Did you have to or do you have to.

Do you have to.

Do you have to.

I would imagine there will be a lot of people

who believe that the English language must always be spoken correctly.

And I would imagine a lot of people are now

closing their eyes in disgust

at what I've just done. There

However, it is worth

remembering that in everyday English, quite often

we will reduce the sounds or the pronunciation

of certain words and phrases.

It does happen, not always,

but it is important when you are learning to listen to English.

So I think one of the hardest parts of learning English is not just

learning words, but also listening

to the many different ways in which words are pronounced.

And quite often in everyday speech, when people are talking every day,

you will often hear reductions used.

So it is something that is worth remembering.

It really is

Beatrice says, I have to go now.

I'm sorry, I have to leave

the class.

Don't worry, Beatrice. I will be back on Sunday.

Don't worry.

Hello to.

Hello, sir.

All reductions and contractions the same

technically. No,

technically, no, they're not.

Reductions tend to be used in certain places at certain times.

However, contractions

are often used even in written English,

so you will rarely see

the reductions used in written English.

However, you will see contractions used in written English.

I think. I think you are.

You have more freedom to use contractions

than you do to use predictions.

Street English.

Valentin.

That is a good phrase.

Yes, I suppose if you are using your English language on the streets with your friends

in a relaxed environment or situation, yes,

you will use reductions

Some people say street English.

English or phrases or ways of speaking

that are done or used on the streets in everyday life.

I think so.

And yes, they are commonly used in American English.

However, because of the influence

of certain ways of speaking, you will find these days

many people in British English also use reductions as well.

It has become very common

and very popular, especially amongst the young people.

That's all I'm saying.

So yes, it is

commonly used in American English but you will find that reductions are more

often used in American English, but quite often

they are used in British English as well.

And that is one of the things we always have to remember about English.

It is a language that is always changing in some way.

It is always evolving.

It is always being changed.

Thank you very much for your company.

I hope you've enjoyed this live stream.

I will be going in a moment.

I hope you've enjoyed today's live stream

and I will see you again on Sunday.

Don't forget, of course, this Sunday, Mr.

Steve will be here for all those who are missing Steve.

Don't worry.

He will be with us live on Sunday.

At the moment, he's away.

He's he's around about I think it's around 100,

110 miles away at the moment.

Very far away. In a place called your

Oh, that's interesting.

Lewis makes a suggestion to Vittoria.

You need to buy English pronunciation and use

the advanced version by Martin Huguenots.

I have heard of that book.

I normally

certainly in situations where I'm teaching directly in class,

I would always use textbooks,

for example, Cambridge textbooks that are often used in

well, I would say in Asia

you will find a lot of schools use Cambridge books,

but also there are books written by individuals

and English pronunciation in use.

The Advanced Version by Martin hearings

would be a good place to go. Yes.

Thank you, Lewis. That is a good suggestion.

Of course, there are many other books, many other textbooks

available as well.

Thank you, Palmira This is something different today.

I don't always talk about slang or street talk,

but I thought today it would be a good opportunity to do that.

So I hope it's been interesting

and not too confusing.

I hope so.

I will be back on Sunday.

Thank you very much for your company.

I hope you stay happy for the rest of the week.

Keep that smile upon your face

as you walk around amongst the human race because you never know that smile.

That smile that you give to another person

might be just the thing that they were waiting for.

It might be the one thing that will make their day

brighter and more happy.

So you never know.

Thank you very much for your company.

Oh, apparently it is a Cambridge book

There you go.

That's the probably the reason why I've heard of it.

Thank you, Louis.

Yes, you see

I'm so glad

that we managed to meet in the middle there, Louis.

Thank you very much.

But it is a good book.

Any reference book or any book that gives you information about the ways

in which the English language is used in certain

areas is always useful

Perhaps one week I should talk about that.

I think that would be a very good subject to talk about.

Thank you for your company.

Thank you for joining me today.

And I will see you on Sunday from 2 p.m.

UK time.

Before I go there is something I wanted to mention

very quickly

Something that people do in English quite often.

They often use something called a double negative.

And this is where they use a negative twice.

And quite often if you use a negative word twice

in the same sentence, you will create a positive.

So if you say you didn't do nothing,

that means that you did something

I will show you the sentence now before I go,

I didn't do nothing.

If you say you didn't do nothing,

it means that you did do something.

So remember that

it is quite often used

in English when people are maybe distressed or maybe panicking.

I didn't do nothing.

No, I didn't do it.

I didn't do nothing.

Be careful, because what you are actually saying is

you did do something Double negatives

in English can quite often get you into trouble.

So be careful when you use them.

I'm going now for sure. Definitely.

See you later.

Take care.

Thank you very much for your company.

And you know what's coming next.

Until we meet again. On Sunday.

Enjoy the rest of your Wednesday.

And of course, you know what's coming next.

Yes, you do...

ta ta for now.