Fix your bad English

1,581,465 views ใƒป 2013-11-08

ENGLISH with James


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hi. James, from EngVid. Today's video is on, well, "The Book of Bad English". There are
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์•ˆ๋…•. EngVid์˜ ์ œ์ž„์Šค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜์ƒ์€ "The Book of Bad English" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
mistakes that native speakers make that ESL people pick up -- and "ESL" is "English as
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ESL ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ESL"์€ "
00:16
a Second Language". People learning English, they pick up because native speakers don't
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์ œ2 ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜์–ด"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์ž์‹ ์ด
00:21
even know they're making this mistake. So I want to teach you six common ones that come
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:26
regularly or happen regularly in conversation. And I want you to learn them and make your
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜
00:32
English perfect. Let's go to the board. Now, let's start with No. 1, one of my favorite
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋“œ์— ๊ฐ€์ž. ์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”
00:38
ones: "amount" and "number". "Amount" is, sort of, like, "how much". A "number" is,
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๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ "๊ธˆ์•ก"๊ณผ "์ˆซ์ž"๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ธˆ์•ก"์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ "์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ˆซ์ž"๋Š”
00:44
you know, "thing". When we look at "amount", you can think of you can't count it, all right?
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"์‚ฌ๋ฌผ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ธˆ์•ก"์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
A lot of times, when we say "amount" -- like, "I have a large amount of water in my house"
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ " ์ง‘์— ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด "์–‘"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
00:56
-- you can't count water. But you can count a number, so: "The number of people who come
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๋ฌผ์„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋„์‹œ์— ์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š”
01:02
to the city is in the thousands", so you can count them. Here's an example. Tell me if
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฅธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
01:09
this is right or wrong. "The amount of students who are late is growing every day" or "the
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. "์ง€๊ฐ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "
01:15
number of students who are late is growing every day." You should say "number" because
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์ง€๊ฐ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "์ˆซ์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:20
you can count students. You can't count amount. That rhymes. Maybe that'll help, right? You
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. ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์šด์œจ. ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€?
01:28
can't count amount. You can't count amount. So when we want to talk about a number of
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๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:32
something or a body of something, "amount" is for things you cannot count, and "number"
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ณธ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ "amount"๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  "number"๋Š”
01:37
is for things you can count. English people make this mistake a lot.
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์ธ ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Next: "among" and "between". When I used to teach "among" and "between", I would say,
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๋‹ค์Œ: "์ค‘"๊ณผ "์‚ฌ์ด". ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "์ค‘"๊ณผ "์‚ฌ์ด์—"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‚˜๋Š”
01:47
"'Among' is 'with'. So there're five chairs, and you're 'with' another. And 'between' is
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"'๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ'๋Š” 'ํ•จ๊ป˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์ž์™€ 'ํ•จ๊ป˜' ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์‚ฌ์ด'๋Š”
01:52
you're in the middle." That's it. Because I was so smart. And then I found out it's
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—." ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
01:58
just this: two. More than two. That's it. Nothing special. When you talk about "between",
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ. ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์‚ฌ์ด"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ• 
02:08
except -- and this is a major exception -- when you're talking about differences. Differences
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๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  -- ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
02:13
you have to use "between". But generally speaking, "among" is more than two. "I was sitting among
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"์‚ฌ์ด"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "์ค‘"์€ ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
02:20
my friends at the bar." You can know there're probably four or five, not two. But "let's
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๋ฐ”์—์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”." 2๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 4๊ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” 5๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "
02:25
keep this between you and me"? A lot of times, Canadians say, "Let's keep this among us."
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ž"? ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ๋“ค์€ "์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฐ„์งํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
And it's like, "Among who?" "The rest of those guys, you know. The Americans. They don't
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ์ค‘์—?" "๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
02:33
need to know this." Okay. So "between us" -- usually two, right? It could be two groups.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด" -- ๋ณดํ†ต 2๋ช…์ด์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
"There was a fight between this country and that country." Right? Because it's two groups.
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"์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์ € ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‹ธ์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค ." ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
But "among" is for more than two, cool? All right. So "among" -- more than two; "between"
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "among"์€ ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ ? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์ค‘" -- ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ; "์‚ฌ์ด"
02:48
-- two. What about "bring" and "take"? This is something
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-- ๋‘˜. "๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋‹ค"์™€ "๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:51
that a lot of students make a mistake on. So you say, "Bring this to me" or "take this
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์„ธ์š”" ๋˜๋Š” "์ด๊ฒƒ์„
02:56
to him." It's very easy. "Bring" is "to the speaker", okay? And "take" is "away from the
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๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์š”. "๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋‹ค"๋Š” "์Šคํ”ผ์ปค์—๊ฒŒ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "take"๋Š” "๋ฐœํ™”์ž์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋‹ค
03:12
speaker". Now, if you're born in England, that's easy because they always talk about
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"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
03:18
"I want takeaway." Takeaway. Because they take the food away from the restaurant, right?
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ํ…Œ์ดํฌ์•„์›ƒ์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ์ดํฌ์•„์›ƒ. ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ์Œ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ ? ์˜๊ตญ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์˜๊ตญ
03:24
So one of my favorite sayings that we say in England -- not England -- that we say here
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์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
is, like -- watch every space movie: "Take me to your leader." You'll never see a space
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๋ชจ๋“  ์šฐ์ฃผ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. " ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฆฌ๋”์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”."
03:35
movie, unless it's made by me -- and it would say, "Bring me to your leader." We don't do
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์šฐ์ฃผ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์šฐ์ฃผ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”." ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:40
that. You say, "Take them to the leader" because you're taking them away from this spot where
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. ํ™”์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ„์น˜๋‚˜ ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฆฌ๋”์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:44
the speaker is to a new location or spot. So "take" and "bring" are easy because it's
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "take"์™€ "bring"์€
03:49
"bring -- come towards". Here's a mistake -- not Canadians -- English speakers make
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"bring -- come to"์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€
03:55
that you should be aware of. They'll say something like, "Don't forget to bring your bag with
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์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์žŠ์ง€๋งˆ
03:59
you" instead of, "Don't forget to take your bag." Do you know what the difference is?
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"๋Œ€์‹  "๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์žŠ์ง€๋งˆ "์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:03
Well, you're leaving, right? So you need to take it away. Remember I said "away from"?
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋– ๋‚  ๊ฑฐ ์•ผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:08
Take the bag away from you. When you say, "Bring the bag with you", the speaker's speaking,
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๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์น˜์šฐ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด "๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ , ํ™”์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
04:13
you're still moving away from the speaker, right? So you've got to use this. But Canadians
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹ํ™”์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ
04:17
and Americans and Brits say it a lot. They'll say, "Bring it with you." No. "Take" it with
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, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ, ์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. "๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”"
04:22
you. You know the difference now because you're smart. And you're studying from The Book of
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์ œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ The Book of
04:26
Bad English. Good for you. There's a worm in that book. Watch it.
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Bad English์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜ ๋๋„ค์š”. ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์— ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด.
04:31
Okay. "Fewer" or "less". I'm going to make a statement, and think which one is correct.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. "๋” ์ ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "์ ๋‹ค". ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
"'Fewer' than a million people have watched the videos on EngVid. 'Less' than a million
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"๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช… ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด EngVid์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช… ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜
04:42
people have watched the videos on EngVid." Which one would be correct? Yeah. If you said
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด EngVid์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์„๊นŒ์š”? ์‘.
04:49
"less than", no. "Less" is similar to "amount". You say "fewer" for things you can count.
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"๋ฏธ๋งŒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Less"๋Š” "amount"์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
"Fewer than five people did the job or worked on the job", not "less than". "Fewer" is for
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"5๋ช… ๋ฏธ๋งŒ "์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "5๋ช… ๋ฏธ๋งŒ"์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ"๋Š”
05:02
numbers you can count. "Less" is like "amount". It's uncountable, right? "There is less water
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ ๋‹ค"๋Š” "์–‘"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€? "์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌผ์ด ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:08
here than there." Try and say, "There is fewer water here than there." They're, like, "What?"
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." " ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌผ์ด ์ ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๋ญ?"
05:13
That's right, son. That's why you don't say it. Proper grammar. "There is less this than
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๋งž์•„, ์•„๋“ค์•„. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•. "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:18
that." We commonly -- this is such a common mistake it's not even funny, right? But, once
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." ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ -- ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ
05:24
again, you're reading from The Book of Bad English. So you know lesson No. 4. Don't do
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The Book of Bad English๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
05:28
it. All right? Mr. E is smiling because he's, like, "Damn! I didn't know that?" It's like,
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. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? E ์”จ๋Š” "์  ์žฅ! ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด?"
05:32
"Nor did I until about five hours ago." But now you and I both know. All right? Because
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"์ €๋„ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด์š”." ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
05:37
I used to make this mistake until now. So you won't -- I'll be making this mistake fewer
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ -- ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
05:42
times than before but less and less. See? That's different. I'm saying it differently
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์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์  ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค? ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:47
there. Less and less. So I'm reducing, and that's what we're talking about.
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. ์ ์  ๋”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
What about "further" and "farther"? I feel really bad because anyone who I taught over
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"๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ"์™€ "๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ"๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ œ๊ฐ€
05:55
the past eight years, these are the mistakes I made, and I'm teaching them now, and they're,
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์ง€๋‚œ 8๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
06:00
like, "But James, you told me this!" And I went, "I didn't know it at the time. I went
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"ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ James, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์ž–์•„์š”!" "๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
by standard grammar or standard speak." And standard speak, which, you know, we all do,
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ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€์–ด๊ฐ€
06:12
doesn't mean it's correct. So I'm giving you something that's, you know, the correct grammar.
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์˜ณ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ โ€‹โ€‹์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Now, colloquial is what we call -- "colloquial" is the common people speak. We didn't care.
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์ž, ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด"๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
People say it; no one's going to correct you because most of them don't know. All right?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
06:27
But then, you're here to learn, so I'm here to teach.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Ÿฌ ์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Ÿฌ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
How about, "further" and "farther"? Well, this one's easy to think of, all right? Because
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"๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ"์™€ "๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ"๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
06:36
they sound almost the same, and that's part of the problem, right? It's a major part of
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:40
the problem. So what we want to look at is the word "distance". When somebody says, "We
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ "๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ "
06:45
need to investigate this further" or "we need to investigate farther" it's because they
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” " ๋” ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
06:50
really don't know. They sound the same. They almost look the same, except one sounds like
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ. ์Šคํƒ€์›Œ์ฆˆ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:55
something from Star Wars. "Luke. I am your father." "Father", get it? Because there's
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. "๋ฃจํฌ. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ค ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์•ผ." "์•„๋ฒ„์ง€" ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด?
07:00
a distance between us. The mother and -- you don't? Forget it. Anyway. Distance. This is
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ -- ์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์„ธ์š”? ์žŠ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„. ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ. ๊ทธ๊ฑด
07:05
an E by the way because I know there're some of you guys who are, like, just -- it's a
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ E์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
07:09
small E, but it's an E. I just fixed it, okay? So "farther" -- you know when you say "far
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์ž‘์€ E์ด์ง€๋งŒ E์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ณ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ" -- "๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ
07:14
away", "The house is far away" or "my house is five miles farther" -- sorry. "My house
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๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค", "์ง‘์ด ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์ด 5๋งˆ์ผ ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ -- ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์€
07:19
is five kilometers further -- farther than yours." See? I almost said "further" because
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5ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋” ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹  ์ง‘๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ณด๋‹ค? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ "๋”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋ป”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:23
we, in English, do that a lot. But you say, "I live farther than you do." That means far
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ
07:29
-- more far away, right? "Further" means "more" or "longer". So "We need to discuss this further",
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-- ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ ? "Further"๋Š” "๋”" ๋˜๋Š” "๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€
07:37
which means we need a longer time to speak or more time to speak. So this is more about
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๋งํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
07:42
"more" or "longer", but not distance longer, all right? So if you want to study further,
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"๋” ๋งŽ์ด" ๋˜๋Š” "๋” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ"์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋จผ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:49
you might have to travel farther to another library to do so. You like that? I don't.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ? ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
07:54
My head is spinning. But we're learning bad English. It should be, like -- it's going
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๋‚ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ --
07:59
to come up here -- the "effect" this is having on me, not the "affect". I mean it is "affecting"
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- "์˜ํ–ฅ"์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” "์˜ํ–ฅ"์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ "์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ " ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
08:04
me and changing the way I look at things, but the "effects" it has actually had are
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ "์˜ํ–ฅ"์€
08:10
changing or influencing my thoughts since I've learned the six, and I did all that production
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ,
08:15
to introduce to you No. 6. I have notes on the board for a reason, because
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œ์ž‘์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6๋ฒˆ.
08:23
I would be a liar to say I've never made these mistakes. Most Canadians and -- I say "Canadians",
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์น ํŒ์— ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ๊ณผ -- ์ €๋Š” "์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
sorry -- English. Because I was born in England, been to America -- just English-speaking people
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:34
make this mistake incredibly. The only time we ever get it right is "special effects,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ "ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ,
08:39
effects, effects, effects!" Because we know the result of the special effect in a movie
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ํšจ๊ณผ, ํšจ๊ณผ, ํšจ๊ณผ!" ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€
08:45
is [boom] Superman flies. Other than that, when we talk about it, a lot of the time we
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[๋ถ] ์Šˆํผ๋งจ์ด ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
08:50
get confused because "affect", "effect" -- so similar in sound. Nobody notices. So today,
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"์˜ํ–ฅ", "์˜ํ–ฅ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜,
09:00
you won't make that mistake. Usually, when we talk about "effects", we talk about results.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "ํšจ๊ณผ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— โ€‹โ€‹๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
"What was the net effect? What happened? What was the change?" Keyword here because the
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"์ˆœ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋Š”
09:09
verb means "to cause a change". The noun is "What was the final change. What was the net
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ "๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” "๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ˆœ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:14
effect or what was the final effect?" The next one is easy to remember because think
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๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:19
about influence and emotion. This could be for things, you might say; this would be for
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
09:26
people. It's not exact. It's not a science. It's 80 percent. But I'm trying to make it
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š”
09:30
easy for you to remember these. "Affect" is almost about being human. When I say to you,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Affect"๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ,
09:37
you know, the affect -- "How did it affect you?" -- we're talking about emotion, the
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๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ -- "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‚˜์š” ?" -- ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •,
09:41
emotional feeling that you have, right? And then we talk about "influence". We "influence"
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๋А๋‚Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ "์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:46
by changing" -- but this is different -- changing the way you think, how were you influenced.
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" -- ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„
09:50
"How is this affecting the people in your family?" Not "effecting". That would be different.
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๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:54
"How is it changing? How is it influenced? How were you influenced by it?" So if you
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" ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‚˜์š”?" ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
09:59
can remember this one -- this is more of a human emotion thing, and this is more of an
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด -- ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
10:03
action thing -- you'll be okay. And you won't make the mistake I'm probably going go to
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ํ–‰๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ
10:08
make in about five seconds when I explain it again to you, okay? That's the effect it's
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ 5์ดˆ์ฏค ํ›„์— ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ , ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ
10:12
having on me. Did I say "affect" or "effect"? I'm not sure.
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด์•ผ. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "์˜ํ–ฅ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด "์˜ํ–ฅ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด? ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด.
10:16
Okay, so let's go back over this quickly because I don't know how much time I've got left,
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์งš๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ
10:20
but I don't want to affect the lesson, right? So when we look at "amount" or "number", you
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์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๊ธˆ์•ก"์ด๋‚˜ "์ˆซ์ž"๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์–‘์„
10:26
can't count amounts. Sugar, salt, water. Numbers, you can. People, all right? Next "among" and
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์„ผ๋‹ค. ์„คํƒ•, ์†Œ๊ธˆ, ๋ฌผ. ์ˆซ์ž, ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๋‹ค์Œ "์ค‘"๊ณผ "
10:33
"between". If you have two, you'd say "between". If you have more than two, say "among". "Bring"
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์‚ฌ์ด". ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด "์‚ฌ์ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š” "among". "Bring"
10:40
and take": If it's moving away, if it's coming to the speaker, say "bring". If it's moving
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and take": ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "bring"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
away from the speaker, say "take". Okay? "Fewer" or "less": If you have something you can count,
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์Šคํ”ผ์ปค์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋ฉด "ํ…Œ์ดํฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "์ ์€" ๋˜๋Š” "์ ์€": ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
10:51
say "fewer" -- "fewer than five". "Less than" is for uncountables, and it follows the similar
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"์ ์€" -- "5๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์Œ"์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
10:56
words here, these words. "Further" and "farther" -- don't forget, "Luke I am your father,"
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Further"์™€ "Further" -- "Luke I am your father"๋ฅผ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
11:01
-- talk about distance and relationships, all right? But this is just for distance -- kilometers,
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-- ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ,
11:05
inches, centimeters -- while the other one means "more" or "longer". And finally, let's
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์ธ์น˜, ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” "๋”" ๋˜๋Š” "๋” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”
11:10
look at the "affect" or the "effect" if we're talking about emotion or result. Good?
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ "์˜ํ–ฅ" ๋˜๋Š” "์˜ํ–ฅ"์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์€?
11:16
Got to go, so let's go to www.engvid.com, where "eng" stands for "English" and "vid"
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์ด์ œ www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "eng"์€ "English"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  "vid"๋Š”
11:22
stands for "video", where "me and the worm" will be studying from The Book of Bad English.
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"video"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "me and the worm"์€ The Book of Bad English์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
Have a good one. I hope that gets to more than just a few people.
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์ข‹์€์ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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