How to Write an Effective Essay

2,113,482 views ใƒป 2009-08-08

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Oh hi, James, I was just reading an article, I didn't really like it.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:15
The writing was ok, but I don't think it was effective.
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ๆ›ธใๆ–นใฏ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅŠนๆžœใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:19
What that means is, to me, they didn't really get across the idea that they wanted to.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใŒๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
00:25
I kind of understood, but it wasn't great.
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ใชใ‚“ใจใชใใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใŸใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
00:28
Today what I want to show you is how to write effectively, to make sure when you finish
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏ ใ€ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’
00:31
writing people understand what you're saying, ok?
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ๆ›ธใๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:35
By the way, this kind of writing is great for university, high school, any kind of writing,
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใฏใ€ ๅคงๅญฆใ€้ซ˜ๆ กใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ€
00:40
even sales in English, alright?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎ่ฒฉๅฃฒใซใ‚‚ๆœ€้ฉใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:42
Come on, let's go to the board.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:45
Ok, first things first.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ
00:48
If you want to write something about something specific, one of the best ways of doing it
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ไฝ•ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจ
00:53
is to what?
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ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:59
What's that you say?
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ไฝ•ใฆ่จ€ใ†ใฎ๏ผŸ
01:00
That's a question mark, that's right.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใงใ™ใ€ใใ† ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:03
You need to ask a question.
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่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
By asking a question, what it does is it gives you a clear picture in your head of what you
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ ญใฎไธญใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใซๆใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:11
want to know.
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ใ€‚
01:12
So what's better, blondes or brunettes, sorry, let me say this, what's better, love or money?
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ใƒ–ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใจใƒ–ใƒซใƒใƒƒใƒˆใฉใฃใกใŒใ„ใ„๏ผŸ
01:19
You ask a question.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:29
By asking a question, there has to be an answer.
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่ณชๅ• ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€็ญ”ใˆใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:32
That answer is actually our starting point, ok?
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ใใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็งใŸใกใฎๅ‡บ็™บ็‚น ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:35
So we start effective writing by asking a question that we want answered.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็ญ”ใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅง‹ใ‚ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
Because what we're thinking is the reader wants the answer to this question, get it?
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็งใŸใกใŒ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€่ชญ่€… ใŒใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:45
So you're thinking, what does my reader want?
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่ชญ่€…ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹๏ผŸ
01:48
Why don't I ask a question, and then when I answer that question, I can write about
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆ
01:52
that for my reader.
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ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ชญ่€…ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆ›ธใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:53
It helps us get very specific in our focus.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:56
It's sort of like focusing on our target, ok?
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ใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:06
So let's look at the answer.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:07
So the first part we want to do is, number one, ask a question.
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ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซ ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:13
Let's do this larger.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคงใใใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:14
It might be hard for you to see, ok, so let's write that out again, alright?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใซใใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๆ›ธใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:17
Number one, ask a question.
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1็•ชใ€่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:24
Ok, that's the first thing we did.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:31
We did that right there.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใฎๅ ดใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:32
Which is better, love or money?
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ๆ„›ใจใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใฉใฃใกใŒใ„ใ„๏ผŸ
02:34
What's the answer to this question?
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ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏ๏ผŸ
02:36
Well, the answer to the question, we have a specific word in English, ok?
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ณชๅ•ใธใฎ็ญ”ใˆ ใงใ™ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
02:42
So when we figure out the answer, what we think the answer to the question is, let me
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใใ€่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใฏไฝ• ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:45
say that again but a little slower, when we figure out what we think the answer is, we
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ๅฐ‘ใ—้…ใใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€็ญ”ใˆใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
02:50
write that down.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
But it's not just an answer, in English it becomes our thesis.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใง ใฏใชใใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
Our thesis is the thing we're going to focus on.
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็งใŸใกใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใฏใ€็ง ใŸใกใŒ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:59
That's why we ask the question.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:00
So then we're going to do step number two, our thesis.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ— 2 ใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใซๅ–ใ‚ŠๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:08
It's the answer to the question.
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่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:10
Now, the funny thing about a thesis is, it has to be strong.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใฎ้ข็™ฝใ„็‚นใฏใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅผทๅŠ›ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:15
You can't say maybe.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:16
Maybe yes, maybe no.
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใใ†ใ ใ‘ใฉใŸใถใ‚“้•ใ†ใ€‚
03:17
That's not a thesis.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:18
We call that weak.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผฑใ„ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:19
A thesis has to be strong so the person is very clear and you're very clear and this
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่ซ–ๆ–‡ใฏๅŠ›ๅผทใใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไบบใฏ ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œ
03:27
is what helps for effective writing because you know exactly what you want to talk about
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ใŒๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชๅŸท็ญ†ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„
03:32
but your reader also knows exactly what you want to talk about.
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ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€่ชญ่€…ใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:36
So let's put that up here.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:37
A thesis has to be strongly said or another word for that is stated.
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่ซ–ๆ–‡ใฏๅผทใ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ ใ‹ใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒ่ฟฐในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:50
Okay, take a look.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:58
Cool, so we've got two things so far.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:04
Question and thesis.
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่ณชๅ•ใจ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ€‚
04:05
Now you're going to say, "What are we going to do with that?"
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใงไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:08
Well, now we can actually start our essay.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:10
This was just the first part.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใ‚“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:11
It's not actually the essay.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:12
It's to get you ready to write.
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ๆ›ธใๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ๆ•ดใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:14
So let's write the essay, shall we?
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ใงใฏใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ‹ใ€‚
04:16
Now, like any good book or any good story, you need an introduction.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่‰ฏใ„ๆœฌใ‚„่‰ฏใ„็‰ฉ่ชžใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:22
I mean, you can say your thesis but you know what, it's better I give you an action.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒ่‰ฏใ„.
04:27
I'll give you a little play.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้Šใ‚“ใงใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:28
If you watch this, you'll figure out why you need an introduction, all right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐ ็ดนไป‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใช็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:31
But the third step is introduction.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€3็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ— ใฏๅฐŽๅ…ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
04:37
And in our introduction, what we're going to do is we're going to add our thesis, okay,
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ๅบๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ผใซ
04:46
to some nice words to introduce it.
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็ด ๆ•ตใช ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆ็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:49
So this is plus the thesis, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น่ซ–ๆ–‡ใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:53
Now the people reading it should be able to identify your thesis.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใงใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
04:57
Now let me give you an example of why it's important to have an introduction and not
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€็ดนไป‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:00
just use your thesis.
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ใ€‚
05:02
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:03
I'm going to go to a bar and I'm going to meet a girl, okay?
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ใƒใƒผ ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฅณใฎๅญใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:08
One second.
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ไธ€็ง’ใ€‚
05:09
Okay, there I am.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:12
"Hi.
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ
05:13
My name is James.
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ใ€‚็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
05:14
Can I kiss you?"
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ใ‚ญใ‚นใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
05:16
Ow.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€‚
05:17
That's a bad introduction.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ‚ชใ„็ดนไป‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:20
That's like trying to use just your thesis to get people to read your paper.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไบบใ€…ใซ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ชญใพใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
05:24
It doesn't work very well, okay?
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:27
So why don't we do the next one?
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ€ๆฌกใฏใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„๏ผŸ
05:29
Let's try this introduction.
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ใ“ใฎ็ดนไป‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:31
"Hi, I'm James.
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
05:36
What's your name?"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅๅ‰ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
05:37
That's a very pretty name.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ„ใชๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
05:38
"I'm from Canada and I teach English.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ๅ‡บ่บซใง ใ€่‹ฑ่ชž
05:41
Would you like to learn more about English and how I teach it?
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ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใจ็งใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจๅญฆใณใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
05:44
Well, come with me.
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ไธ€็ท’ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:45
We'll get you a drink."
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้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:46
See, that worked.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:48
That's a good introduction, okay?
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ใ„ใ„็ดนไป‹ใงใ™ ใญใ€‚
05:51
So we need an introduction to go for the thesis.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใซใฏ็ดนไป‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
05:54
We put our thesis inside of the introduction and we make it pleasant for people to want
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็งใŸใกใฏ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅ้ƒจใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒ
05:59
to read more.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ชญใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
We make it interesting, okay?
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้ข็™ฝใใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:02
So this is the first three parts.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 3 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:04
Now we have to do another two parts, okay?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใจ 2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:08
Now that would be number four, the body.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ4็•ช็›ฎ ใฎไฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:19
The body is very important.
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ไฝ“ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:21
Because I tell you my thesis, that doesn't make it true.
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็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:23
It just means I believe it's true.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ง ใŒใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:26
It's like me saying to you, "I'm a millionaire."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅ„„ไธ‡้•ท่€…ใงใ™ใ€ใจใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
06:29
First thing you're going to say is, "Prove it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚’่จผๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:31
Show me the money."
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:32
Guess where that movie's from.
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ใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๅ‡บๆ‰€ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:33
No, guess where that line's from.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ ใใฎ่กŒใŒใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
06:34
It's from a movie, okay?
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:35
"Show me the money."
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"็งใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใฟใ›ใฆใ€‚"
06:36
You're going to want proof.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จผๆ‹ ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:42
Now this is one of the best ways to do proof.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ่จผๆ˜Žใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
06:45
When we look at our thesis, now we're talking a basic essay, not a huge one.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ๅคงๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Šใชใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใงใฏใชใใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
06:50
What we do is we have to have three reasons that make that thesis true, okay?
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็งใŸใกใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใใฎใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ผใ‚’็œŸๅฎŸใซใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:57
Now we'll call those three reasons the main reasons.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎ ็†็”ฑใ‚’ไธปใช็†็”ฑใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
07:01
So when we do proof, we're actually going to put it in a special place called the body
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่จผๆ˜Žใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚ค ใฎๆœฌๆ–‡ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹็‰นๅˆฅใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™
07:07
of the essay.
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ใ€‚
07:08
And one of the things we want in the body essay is a main reason.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒœใƒ‡ใ‚ฃ ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใซๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ 1 ใค ใฏใ€ไธปใช็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
07:18
Now you've got your main reasons, but that doesn't mean it's true.
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ไธปใช็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:23
What we need to do is find other things that support the main reason, okay?
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็งใŸใกใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ไธปใช็†็”ฑใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:27
We call these... Now if you remember rightly, when I said in the body we should have three
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™... ใ•ใฆใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถใŒๆญฃใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใซ3ใคๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆœฌๆ–‡ใง่ฟฐในใŸใจใใ€ไธปใช็†็”ฑใ‚’็œŸๅฎŸ
07:41
to support the thesis, it's also a good idea to have at least three supporting ideas to
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ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚3ใคใฎ่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใจใชใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’็”จๆ„
07:46
make the main reason true, okay?
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:49
So that number three is very important here for us, okay?
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ใ“ใ“ใง 3 ็•ช็›ฎใŒ ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:53
We want to have three main reasons and then three supporting ideas.
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3 ใคใฎไธปใช็†็”ฑ ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:58
If you're doing the math, one, two, three times three, that's about nine different sentences
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่จˆ็ฎ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€1ใ€2ใ€3 ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ 3 ใงใ€็ด„ 9 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡
08:02
or ideas we want in the paper.
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใซๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
08:05
Now finally, we'll come to our conclusion.
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ใ„ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚ˆ ็ต่ซ–ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
How do we get to the conclusion?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ็ต่ซ–ใซ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
08:09
Well, let's look at it.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:11
We had a thesis, an idea, but we started with a question.
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็งใŸใกใฏ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:14
We said, "This is the true answer to the question," right?
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็œŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ— ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:17
Then after that we said, "Okay, that true answer will be our thesis."
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ใใฎ็œŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:22
We said our thesis, we hid it into the introduction, remember?
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็งใŸใกใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅบๆ–‡ใซ้š ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
08:25
I got the girl.
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็งใฏๅฅณใฎๅญใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:26
Yeah, remember that?
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ใˆใˆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:27
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‚‚
08:28
Now we had to prove it's true because no one just believes things you say.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จผๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ.
08:32
We came up with three main ideas.
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็งใŸใกใฏ ไธปใซ3ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:34
We supported each main idea with three supporting ideas.
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎไธป่ฆใช ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ 3 ใคใฎใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:37
Now we come to the conclusion.
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็ต่ซ–ใซ้”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:39
The conclusion is where we turn around and say, "With all of this proof or evidence that
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็ต่ซ–ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃ ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่จผๆ‹ ใพใŸใฏ่จผๆ‹ ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š
08:43
we have, I can say this is true."
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ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™.
08:46
What we do is we go back to the three main ideas and we say, "Because this idea, this
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็งใŸใกใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€3 ใคใฎไธป่ฆใช ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใ“ใฎ
08:51
idea, and this idea are true, my conclusion must be true."
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ ็งใฎ็ต่ซ–ใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:56
You become a lawyer or a liar.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅผ่ญทๅฃซใ‹ๅ˜˜ใคใใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:59
That's another lesson altogether.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใๅˆฅใฎ ๆ•™่จ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:01
But we want to prove it, okay?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จผๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:04
So we do our conclusion, and our conclusion is based on the proof here, all right?
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ใงใฏใ€็ต่ซ–ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚็ต่ซ– ใฏใ“ใ“ใงใฎ่จผๆ˜ŽใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
09:13
Now that's it for our lesson.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚
09:15
I hope I've given a good thesis and this is an effective essay for you.
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่‰ฏใ„่ซ–ๆ–‡ใŒใงใใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใงใ™ใ€‚
09:18
I hope I proved my case, and in conclusion, I think if you follow these steps, you'll
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็ต่ซ–ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ‰‹้ †ใซๅพ“ใˆใฐ
09:23
become an effective writer in English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชไฝœๅฎถใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:25
Listen, before I go, I got to do this really quickly, and if you look at the blue screen,
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่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใŒ่กŒใๅ‰ใซใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้žๅธธใซ ่ฟ…้€Ÿใซ่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ. ใƒ–ใƒซใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒณ
09:29
it'll give you the five points again, remember?
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€5ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใŒๅ†ใณ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™.
09:32
Question, thesis, body with main ideas, supporting ideas, and conclusion.
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่ณชๅ•ใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ€ไธปใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆœฌๆ–‡ใ€ ่ฃœ่ถณ็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็ต่ซ–ใ€‚
09:37
That was quick, I know.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้€Ÿใ‹ใฃใŸใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
09:38
Check out the screen, all right?
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็”ป้ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:39
That'll come at the end.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:41
But before you do that, go to www.engvid.com, eng as in English, vid as in video, don't
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚eng ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€vid ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใ€
09:54
forget your dot, www.com, where you can find out other lessons on effective reading, pronunciation,
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ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚www.com ใงใฏใ€ ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชใƒชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ€
10:02
listening, whatever you need, we've got it for you, okay?
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ ็”จๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:05
Visit us in the forum, free, come on down.
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็„กๆ–™ใงใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใƒ ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:08
Take care, bye.
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใญใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚คใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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