English Grammar - How to learn tenses - ALL tenses!!

1,397,981 views ใƒป 2011-07-22

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:09
Hi. James from engVid.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ engVid ใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚
00:12
I have a small problem.
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ๅฐใ•ใชๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:15
I'm gonna get my assistant to help me.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ทใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒณใƒˆใซๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:19
This is my schtick for my gimmick.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใ‚ฎใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎ็งใฎใŠใ—ใ‚ƒในใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
00:21
If anyone asks me what those are I'll be happy to tell you.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅ–œใ‚“ใงๆ•™ใˆใพใ™.
00:25
There we go.
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ใงใฏ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:28
Ok, he's wearing his little scarf.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฐใ•ใชใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒ•ใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:33
It's his university scarf.
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ๅคงๅญฆใฎใƒžใƒ•ใƒฉใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:35
Ok?
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Ok๏ผŸ
00:36
Mr E is ready for education.
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Eใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆ•™่‚ฒใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
Right. So what are we gonna work on today?
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ๅณใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไฝ•ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:48
Grammar!
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•๏ผ
00:49
Grammar.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€‚
00:50
Yeah, ok. Tell you something new, like you've never heard grammar before, alright?
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ใˆใˆOKใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ไปŠใพใง่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:55
"What've you got in grammar that-" Oh, my favourite one.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹-ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
00:58
"Teacher, I have trouble with the present perfect."
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใŒ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:03
"Teacher, I have problems with the simple past."
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€็งใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:10
"Teacher, I don't know why you say 'used to' instead of 'use to'."
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใชใœใ€Žๆ…ฃใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Žๆ…ฃใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
01:18
By the way, these subjects have been covered on EngVid, so go check out EngVid and you'll see all of these and they'll help you out.
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใฏ EngVid ใงๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€EngVid ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
But my job today isn't really to teach you grammar; I'm gonna use one grammar template - or one grammar lesson, you might say -
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ็งใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒ†ใƒณใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ 1 ใคใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ 1 ใคไฝฟ็”จ
01:32
to teach you a way that I think is the most effective and quickest way in order to learn English.
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ใ—ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใงๆ‰‹ใฃๅ–ใ‚Šๆ—ฉใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:37
In fact, I'm gonna start calling all these lessons "the most effective and quickest way to learn English"!
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใ‹ใค่ฟ…้€Ÿใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™!
01:42
"Ever!"
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"ใ“ใ‚Œใพใง๏ผ"
01:43
Or, go somewhere else.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
I'm joking.
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01:46
Alright, but I'm gonna teach you a way that'll probably help you to be able to put things together in your head.
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€้ ญใฎไธญใง็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:51
Now, this isn't just good for English; it's good for anything you wanna study, ok?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:55
So, let's look at it.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:57
We're gonna look at grammar, for instance.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:59
With grammar you're usually gonna be given a title, and that's the beautiful thing - that's what makes it easy: you know what you're gonna study!
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใŒไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใช็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚ไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:06
There's never been a time or - hopefully, if you have a teacher, you walk in the room, and they say,
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฏไธ€ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใฆใ€
02:12
"We're going to study something that will tell you about time, and then put things in logical consequence order for you so that you can understand what people are saying in English..."
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ใ€Œๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่ซ–็†็š„ใช็ตๆžœ้ †ใซไธฆในใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซโ€ฆใ€
02:20
Leave the room.
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้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:22
Immediately.
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ใ™ใใซใ€‚
02:24
Ok? Usually even the poorest grammar teacher will say, "Today, we're going to study this subject."
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Ok๏ผŸ ้€šๅธธใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ‹ๆ‰‹ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ•ใˆใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ“ใฎ็ง‘็›ฎใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:31
Alright? So the first thing you wanna do on your page is put down the title.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใงๆœ€ๅˆใซใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:36
The title.
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02:36
What am I going to study?
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ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ€‚
็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:39
Ok? Boom! Write that out.
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Ok๏ผŸ ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ๏ผ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:43
Now, here's what I suggest you do, see. See, I'm such a nice guy.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆๆกˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใปใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
02:47
I'm such a nice guy I'm going to help you today.
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็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:50
Here's what I suggest you do.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆๆกˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:53
Ask the teacher what would they think that particular subject
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ๆ•™ๅธซใซใ€ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎไธป้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™
02:59
- whether it be simple present or simple past, the continuous form, or if you're in Britain, the progressive form (simple progressive, the past progressive, whatever, continuous, progressive...) -
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- ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจๅฝขใ‹ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‹ใ€็ถ™็ถšๅฝขใ‹ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข (ๅ˜็ด”้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ€้€ฃ็ถšๅฝขใ€้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข.. .) -
03:11
what would it represent? What is the trigger word?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ๅผ•ใ้‡‘ใจใชใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏ๏ผŸ
03:15
So I'm gonna put a little thing here and it's gonna be called a 'trigger word'
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ใ“ใ“ใซใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฌใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณ
03:18
Now, 'trigger' comes from the use of a gun.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฌใƒผใ€ใฏ้Šƒใฎไฝฟ็”จใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
When you have a gun, ok
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้Šƒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
03:24
- you can see, this is how I draw worms, this is how I draw weapons -
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ใจใใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๆใๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆญฆๅ™จใ‚’ๆใๆ–นๆณ•
03:28
Before you fire the gun, this is called the 'trigger'.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:31
That makes the bullet comes out.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅผพใŒๅ‡บใพใ™ใ€‚
03:33
So that starts the process.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใŒ้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:35
So we wanna have something that will start the process to help you getting all the information you need.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™.
03:41
This trigger word is important, because it must help you remember what the subject is you're studying.
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ใ“ใฎๅผ•ใ้‡‘ใจใชใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไธป้กŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:47
So instead of putting 'title' - 'title' is a little bit vague - I'm gonna put 'subject', ok?
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'title' ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ - 'title' ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใพใ„ใงใ™ - ็งใฏ 'subject' ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:52
So, what is the subject?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไธป้กŒใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:54
Then you need a trigger word.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฌใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:56
What word is gonna help me remember the title, and by helping me do this will help me do the definitions,
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ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๅ˜่ชžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅฎš็พฉใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใก
04:00
so I don't have to think anymore - I'm going to know!
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
04:04
One word will take me one direction, and then the other direction.
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ไธ€่จ€ใงไธ€ๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใฟใ€ๆฌกใซๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
04:08
So, what we wanna do is ask a trigger word.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฌใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:11
So you'd say, "teacher, what is the best way to explain this?" With one word - that's the key
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไธ€่จ€ใง - ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ตใงใ™
04:17
One word. The teacher shouldn't give you a sentence - you don't need a sentence.
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ไธ€่จ€ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ - ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:21
That's what definitions are for.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎš็พฉใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:26
The teacher should then after start giving you definitions.
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๆ•™ๅธซใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฎš็พฉใ‚’ไธŽใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:29
The trigger word is a bridge, you might say.
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ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฌใƒผ ใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใฏใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ธใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:31
You're going over water - here's some water - and you need to get over the water - there's land over here, and land over here
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฐดใฎไธŠใ‚’้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ - ใ“ใ“ใซๆฐดใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ - ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฐดใ‚’ไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ - ใ“ใ“ใซ้™ธๅœฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ้™ธๅœฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
04:40
and you're saying "I wanna go from point A to point B but I don't know how to swim - how do I go?"
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ŒAๅœฐ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰Bๅœฐ็‚นใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ๆณณใŽๆ–น - ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸใ€
04:45
Well, we build a bridge.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฉ‹ใ‚’ๆžถใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
And that bridge is your trigger.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๆฉ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅผ•ใ้‡‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:48
That will take you from the subject to definitions and then take you to complete understanding.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธป้กŒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎš็พฉใธใจๅฐŽใ‹ใ‚Œใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใช็†่งฃใธใจๅฐŽใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:55
Alright? So.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใใ†ใ€‚
04:57
We have a trigger word and the definitions.
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ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฌใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใจๅฎš็พฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
From the definitions, where you wanna go after that is do some diagrams.
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ๅฎš็พฉใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ›ณใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:07
What people forget, usually, our brains, well, we're video cameras.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใŸใ„ใฆใ„็งใŸใกใฎ่„ณใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็งใŸใกใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใงใ™ใ€‚
05:14
Video cameras. Video cameras have listening devices, absolutely. But they take pictures.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใซใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒ‡ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:21
And from the pictures we get a view of our world.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ†™็œŸใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฎไธ–็•Œ่ฆณใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:23
Right now close your eyes, and then try and imagine your room without thinking of a picture.
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ไปŠใ™ใ็›ฎใ‚’้–‰ใ˜ใฆใ€็ตตใ‚’่€ƒใˆใšใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:28
Come on. Imagine where you're sitting in the room without looking at a picture.
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ๆฅใฆใ€‚ ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใšใซ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฎใฉใ“ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:32
Can't do it, right?
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ใงใใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
05:33
Soon as you think 'room' boom! Chair pops up, you see a chair in your head.
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ๆ€ใ‚ใšใ€ŒใŠ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ€ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ๏ผ ๆค…ๅญใŒ้ฃ›ใณๅ‡บใ—ใ€้ ญใฎไธญใซๆค…ๅญใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
So you know right away that our world is structured by pictures - so are your thought processes.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฎไธ–็•Œใฏ็ตตใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ™ใใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ€่€ƒใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใ‚‚็ตตใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:42
So if you can get a picture for it, you'll actually get a basic understanding of it.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช็†่งฃใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
But this should come after the definition.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฎš็พฉใฎๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:48
Because, as I said, video cameras also have listening devices.
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ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช ใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใซใ‚‚ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ‡ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:51
Go check out my lesson on listening, effective listening, alright?
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:54
That should help you.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
05:55
Alright. So, you want to get the definition to get an understanding, but to complete that understanding you want a picture.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็†่งฃใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฎš็พฉใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎ็†่งฃใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€็”ปๅƒใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
06:02
If you get a complete picture, you'll notice just by closing your eyes, seeing the picture the idea, the definition, comes up.
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ๅ…จไฝ“ๅƒใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚ใฐใ€็›ฎใ‚’้–‰ใ˜ใฆ็ตตใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚„ๅฎš็พฉใŒๆตฎใ‹ใณไธŠใŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:08
Cool. Alright.
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ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
06:10
After that, you'll do what standard teachers do, which should be - well, not should be, usually a good idea -
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชๆ•™ๅธซใŒ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œ
06:18
to do the form of the verb
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ใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใ‚’่กŒใ„
06:21
and then to do the structure of the verb
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ใ€ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่กŒใ†
06:27
The last thing I usually do when I teach are special cases or special instructions.
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚้€šๅธธใ€็งใŒ่กŒใ†ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ ็งใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใ‚„็‰นๅˆฅใชๆŒ‡็คบใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:33
So you're gonna look here, and if you look at the board, I've basically outlined my formula for teaching
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆŽฒ็คบๆฟใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ็งใฎๆ•™่‚ฒใฎๅ…ฌๅผใ‚’ๆฆ‚่ชฌใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
06:40
but here's the beautiful thing about it - it's your formula.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…ฌๅผใงใ™ใ€‚
06:42
Now when you go to a class, you can literally have something like this written out for you
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซ่กŒใใจใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใ€
06:53
where you can organise your work, so each part leads into the next part.
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ใใ“ใงไฝœๆฅญใ‚’ๆ•ด็†ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ„ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใŒๆฌกใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใซใคใชใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:59
What am I saying?
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ไฝ•่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ไฟบใฏ๏ผŸ
07:00
Yeah I know - it's easy to talk, but then you usually have to show it, right?
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ใˆใˆใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ - ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็คบใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ?
07:04
You need a demonstration.
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ใƒ‡ใƒขใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:05
Because it means nothing to you right now.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฎใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆไฝ•ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:07
So why don't we start off with the - in my case, or my belief - the best one to start off with.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ็งใฎไฟกๅฟตใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹.
07:13
I'm gonna start off with the simple present.
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ใพใšใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
07:16
The simple present. Well, first of all, that's the subject, so I'll put that up here.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใพใšใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌ้กŒใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:22
'simple present'
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'ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆ
07:25
And by the way, start your watch.
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' ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:28
My watch is here.
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็งใฎๆ™‚่จˆใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:29
I'm gonna teach you the simple present in five minutes.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’5ๅˆ†ใงๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:32
"What?" Yup, five minutes.
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"ไฝ•๏ผŸ" ใˆใˆใ€5ๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:33
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
07:35
Ezekiel just got his watch out. "Go ahead, start!"
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ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใฏๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฉใ†ใžใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผใ€
07:39
Alright. Starting now.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚ ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:41
Simple present how do we start?
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆ ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:43
Trigger word. Simple present.
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ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฌใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจใ€‚
07:45
In my mind the present is forever, it's permanent.
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็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใงใฏใ€็พๅœจใฏๆฐธ้ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:50
And you know why? Well, the simple present is true.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:54
Truth. Or I'll say true.
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็œŸๅฎŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:58
I'm gonna erase that 'cos it's kinda messy
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆถˆใ—ใพใ™ 'ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅŽ„ไป‹ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
08:00
Ok we'll go here
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:02
So, simple present is about true, it's permanent
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใฏใปใผๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใงใ™
08:05
Now you're gonna say "how can you say it's permanent? You haven't told me anything"
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† "ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซไฝ•ใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ"
08:10
Well give me a second and I will.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:11
I'm gonna say the simple present I'm gonna say it's about truth.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™
08:15
The important thing about truth is that it has to be true now, yesterday, and tomorrow.
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็œŸๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠใ‚‚ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚‚ใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:19
What do I mean?
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:21
I'm a teacher.
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็งใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
08:22
I was a teacher yesterday.
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็งใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅๆ•™ๅธซใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:23
I believe in my mind I'll be a teacher tomorrow.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซใชใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:25
Even for five, ten years from now.
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5ๅนดๅพŒใ€10ๅนดๅพŒใ‚‚ใ€‚
08:27
I've been a teacher for five years and I'm a teacher right now
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็งใฏ 5 ๅนด้–“ๆ•™ๅธซใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ไปŠใ‚‚ๆ•™ๅธซ
08:30
It's about truth, so it's true.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:33
Yeah? With me so far?
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ใ†ใ‚“๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใพใง็งใจ๏ผŸ
08:35
Good.
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08:35
In that case in my mind and my way of thinking, notice I've gone from the grammar lesson and expanded it.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฎๅฟƒใจ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใฎไธญใงใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใฆๆ‹กๅผตใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:40
I've expanded it.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‹กๅคงใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:41
I've given you the concept of truth, which is forever.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ็œŸๅฎŸใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐธ้ ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:45
Here's why.
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็†็”ฑใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
08:46
A lot of students come to my class, and they'll tell me,
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ๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ็งใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซๆฅใฆใ€
08:48
"Teacher, simple present is about habit." And I usually say to them,
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใฏ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ˆใๅฝผใ‚‰
08:53
"Habit? How do you know it's about habit? How do you know?"
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ใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:56
And they just say, "that's what my teacher told me."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŸใ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™.
08:59
They don't understand.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:01
I go, "it's a habit based on truth."
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ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใซๅŸบใฅใ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ ใ€ใจ็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:02
They say, "what do you mean by that?"
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:04
So I say, "well, first of all, truth is permanent.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€Œใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซ ็œŸๅฎŸใฏๆฐธ้ 
09:07
It's gotta be true today or tomorrow or yesterday.
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ใงใ™ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‹ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‹ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ ็œŸๅฎŸใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„
09:09
Birds fly. True a thousand years ago, it'll be true in a thousand years from now, it's true today.
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้ณฅใฏ้ฃ›ใถ
09:14
Ok? Permanent.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ๆ’ไน…็š„ใงใ™.
09:15
So that's past, present, and future, right?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจใ€ๆœชๆฅใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
09:17
So we'll just put that up here:
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ผ‰ใ›ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†:
09:19
Truth must be true past, present, future.
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็œŸๅฎŸใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจใ€ๆœชๆฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:24
I've had one minute now; I've got four to go.
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. ไปŠใฏ 1 ๅˆ†ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.ใ‚ใจ 4 ๅˆ†ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ .
09:27
Keep watching. Alright.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
09:29
So, definitions.
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. ใงใฏๅฎš็พฉใงใ™.
09:30
How do you know something's true?
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
09:31
Well, by definition, if something's true, it should be a fact.
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ๅฎš็พฉไธŠ, ใ‚‚ใ—ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใชใ‚‰, ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใš
09:38
Notice I didn't put fact; I put true.
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ใงใ™. ็งใŒไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.็งใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™.
09:40
Some things are facts, but they're not true.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใŒ, ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
09:42
We disprove them.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ่จผใ—ใพใ™
09:44
We say truths are eternal or forever.
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. ็งใŸใกใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใฏๆฐธ้ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™.
09:46
Right? It's a fact that the prime minister of Canada is Brian Mulroney.
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09:51
Well, that's not a fact. It was a fact, but it's not true anymore, you see.
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09:54
I don't even know, cos I don't like Harper so I don't wanna - oops, I said his name
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใƒใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใŒๅฅฝใใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใŠใฃใจใ€ๅฝผใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใฃใฆ้ฆ–็›ธใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
09:57
Harper is our prime minister.
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09:59
Right, it's a fact now, and it's true now, but it will not be a fact in five years; it'll be another person who's prime minister.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ไปŠใงใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไปŠใงใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ5ๅนดๅพŒใซใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใฏใชใใชใ‚‹ s; ้ฆ–็›ธใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅˆฅใฎไบบใ ใ€‚
10:06
So facts can be true: limited.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: ้™ๅฎš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:07
Or it can be shown to be wrong; truth should be true all the time.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็œŸๅฎŸใฏๅธธใซ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
10:11
So we say true, something must be true.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:14
Now how do we know it's true?
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
10:16
Well, often it's repeated.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:19
Now you'll noticed I put repeated with '-ed' on the end - why?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œ-edใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†-ใชใœใงใ™ใ‹?
10:22
'-ed' reminds me of the past.
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ใ€Œ-edใ€ใฏๆ˜”ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:24
It starts in the past. True now, true in the future. '-ed'.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใ€ๆœชๆฅใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ-ใ‚จใƒ‰ใ€ใ€‚
10:28
Now why don't we look at here - what's the other part of it?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† - ไป–ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
10:32
Repeated doesn't always mean something is true.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€ๅธธใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:33
In fact, this morning I went to the washroom three times.
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ๅฎŸใฏไปŠๆœใ€ใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซ3ๅ›ž่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:36
I've repeated it three times.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’3ๅ›ž็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:38
Will I do this tomorrow? Maybe, maybe not.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:41
It's not necessarily true, but it's repeated.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:43
So we need something else to make this repetition true.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:46
And I'm gonna give it to you.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
10:48
It's 'often'.
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ใ€Œใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:49
How often do you do something? or what is the 'frequency'?
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ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹? ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้ ปๅบฆใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:53
Cos frequency basically means time you repeat something - the amount of times you repeat something in a given amount of time.
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Cos ๅ‘จๆณขๆ•ฐใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธ€ๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅ†…ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅ›žๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
11:00
For instance, 'I go to school five times a week.'
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ้€ฑใซ 5 ๅ›žๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
11:04
So I go five times, one week.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ1้€ฑ้–“ใซ5ๅ›ž่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:05
Time period: one week. Repetition: five times.
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ๆœŸ้–“๏ผšไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—: 5 ๅ›žใ€‚
11:08
Alright? So that's my frequency - how often.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎ้ ปๅบฆใงใ™ - ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใงใ€‚
11:11
And it's repeated. And it's true.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:13
If I have all of these things true, it becomes the truth.
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็œŸๅฎŸใ ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:16
It is the truth. I am a teacher, I teach five times a week.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใ ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆ•™ๅธซใงใ€้€ฑใซ5ๅ›žๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:19
Now, habit. We defined habit by saying 'repeated' and 'often'.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ€‚ ใ€Œ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ€ใจใ€Œ้ ป็นใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใง็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚’ๅฎš็พฉใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:23
If you repeat it enough, and you repeat it often, it's a habit.
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ๅๅˆ†ใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ€้ ป็นใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:26
I smoke three times a day, it's my habit.
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็งใฏ 1 ๆ—ฅ 3 ๅ›žๅ–ซ็…™ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใงใ™ใ€‚
11:28
That's where habit comes from.
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ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:30
The next time your teacher tells you that, you explain to them cos it's based on frequency, and it's based on repetition.
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ๆฌกใซๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใใ†่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ ปๅบฆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:35
"Ooh, student!"
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ใ€Œใ†ใ‚ๅญฆ็”Ÿ๏ผใ€
11:37
I have two minutes.
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2ๅˆ†ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:38
Well, let's look here. What did I say about truth?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:41
I already put the answer up here, and now you know as well.
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็งใฏใ™ใงใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปŠใงใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:44
If something's true, then it has to be true in the past, pres, future.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจใ€ๆœชๆฅใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:50
Ok? So that means it's gonna be true.
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Ok๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:54
All the way this way and this way.
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ใšใฃใจใ‚ใกใ‚‰ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใธใ€‚
11:56
I know it's small, don't worry. Go in [yo??], press that little button, blow up the screen, you'll see it, ok?
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฐใ•ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ [yo??] ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅฐใ•ใชใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€็”ป้ขใ‚’็ˆ†็ ดใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:00
Now the import of the diagram is the idea, so we know something's true all the way here.
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ใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ขใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎใ‚คใƒณใƒใƒผใƒˆใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:04
What about 'repeated'? Well, once again, remember I said 'past, present, future'?
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ใ€Œ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ€Œ้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจใ€ๆœชๆฅใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:08
Well we're gonna go all the way down here, and say this, and here, and here.
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ใงใฏใ€ใšใฃใจใ“ใ“ใพใง่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใจใ€ใ“ใ“ใจใ€ใ“ใ“ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:12
So when we say here and we talk about 'repeated', it will be repeated over here, see?
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใญใ€‚
12:17
In the past you'll do it here, maybe here in the present here, and in the future you'll do it.
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้ŽๅŽปใซใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็พๅœจใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฐ†ๆฅใฏใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:21
It keeps happening.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:22
Repeated over and over again.
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ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:25
Yeah? Cool.
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ใ†ใ‚“๏ผŸ ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚
12:27
Now the last one is gonna go down here.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฏใ“ใ“ใซ่ฝใกใพใ™ใ€‚
12:30
Look it's way down here, so what I'm gonna do is move it up a bit and draw another line ok?
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ใ“ใ“ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ไธŠใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆๅˆฅใฎ็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใใพใ™ใ‹?
12:34
So we've done that now to make it easy.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:35
Frequency. I'll put 'week'.
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ๅ‘จๆณขๆ•ฐใ€‚ ใ€Œ้€ฑใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
12:39
Ok? Week? You have the word week?
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Ok๏ผŸ ้€ฑ๏ผŸ ้€ฑใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:41
Well, maybe not.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:42
So let's go over here.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:45
Ezekiel, move over.
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ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใ€ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ€‚
12:47
I've got week. So I say '1 week'.
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้€ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ€Œ1้€ฑ้–“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:50
That is my 'time'.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎใ€Œๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:53
Ok? Then I'm gonna say "how many times repeated in a week?"
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Ok๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ1 ้€ฑ้–“ใซไฝ•ๅ›ž็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
12:56
One, two, three.
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ไธ€ไบŒไธ‰ใ€‚
12:57
Three times a week.
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้€ฑใซไธ‰ๅ›žใ€‚
12:59
I go to the gym to work on my big, massive muscles - I only have a big belly - three times a week.
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็งใฏใ‚ธใƒ ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ๅคงใใใฆใฉใฃใ—ใ‚Šใจใ—ใŸ็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’้›ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŠ่…นใŒๅคงใใ„ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ€้€ฑใซ 3 ๅ›ž่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:07
That's how many times I repeat it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:09
That's the frequency.
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13:09
You've now learned the basics for the simple present.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‘จๆณขๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใฎๅŸบๆœฌใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:13
You have the diagrams, you've got the definitions, you've got your trigger word: truth.
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ๅ›ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฎš็พฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅผ•ใ้‡‘ใจใชใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็œŸๅฎŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:16
Simple present - truth - boom!
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆ - ็œŸๅฎŸ - ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ๏ผ
13:18
These three things will come out: how do you know it's true? Bang, bang, bang, bang
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ๆฌกใฎ 3 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹? ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณ
13:21
Simple present.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ€‚
13:22
Here's your diagrams.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ณใงใ™ใ€‚
13:23
'Form'. Here's my favourite.
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'ๅฝข'ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
13:24
Verb 'to do' is the auxiliary verb for the simple present.
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ๅ‹•่ฉž 'to do' ใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใฎ่ฃœๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
13:28
And all we have to do is, basically, if it's singular third person, add 's'.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐใฎไธ‰ไบบ็งฐใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™.
13:34
Ok? So. Let's move over the form a little bit.
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Ok๏ผŸ ใใ†ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:38
So if it's singular you add 's'.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:41
And if it's plural, no 's'.
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ใพใŸใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œsใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:43
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
13:44
So, 'they go', 'she goes'.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่กŒใใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่กŒใใ€ใ€‚
13:47
Easy, right?
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็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
13:49
'I walk - well see I forgot 'I' is personal, but -
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆญฉใใพใ™ - ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€็งใฏใ€Œ็งใ€ใŒๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„
13:52
'she walks', 'they walk'.
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ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆญฉใใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆญฉใใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
13:55
Third person singular, so
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ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใชใฎใงไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใชใฎใง
13:57
third person singular, add 's'
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's'ใ‚’
13:58
That's it. He/she/it.
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ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฝผๅฅณใใ‚Œใ€‚
14:00
Finally, structure.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆง‹้€ ใ€‚
14:01
I won't go into that now, because I'm actually running out of board room and time,
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็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅ–็ท ๅฝนไผšใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใจๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๆžœใŸใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใฏใใ‚Œใซใฏ่งฆใ‚Œ
14:04
but you get the picture.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™.
14:06
We do the simple or the regular structure, right? 'I walk', 'I work'
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ๅ˜็ด”ใชๆง‹้€ ใพใŸใฏ้€šๅธธใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
14:12
Negative: 'I do not walk/work', 'I don't work'
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ๅฆๅฎš๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„/ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€
14:15
Question. What do we do with a question? We actually reverse the verb with the subject.
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่ณชๅ•ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใงๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้€†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:20
And then the [W5er?] information question where we say 'what?', 'where?', 'when?', 'who?', with the rest.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€[W5er?] ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚’?ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใง?ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใค?ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใŒ?ใ€ใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:25
Cool.
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ๆถผใ—ใ„ใ€‚
14:26
I lied, it was more like ten minutes.
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็งใฏๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ10ๅˆ†ใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:28
But you get the picture.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ตตใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
14:29
What, you spend an hour in another class learning what I taught you in ten minutes?
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็งใŒ 10 ๅˆ†้–“ใงๆ•™ใˆใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ€ๅˆฅใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใง 1 ๆ™‚้–“ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
14:33
Go over this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:34
You'll notice that if you go over this three times later on you'll go "whoa! I can't forget!"
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ 3 ๅ›ž็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใจใ€ใ€ŒใŠใฃ๏ผๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„๏ผใ€ใจใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:38
I guarantee you, in two weeks you'll go "oh my God, I still remember!"
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ไฟ่จผใ—ใพใ™ใ€2 ้€ฑ้–“ๅพŒใซใฏใ€Œใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸใ€ใพใ ่ฆšใˆใฆใ‚‹!ใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:40
Because you have a trigger word that will lead to the rest.
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ๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใซใคใชใŒใ‚‹ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฌใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:43
Ok? More importantly, you have a structure for yourself to go into any classroom and learn English.
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Ok๏ผŸ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใฉใฎๆ•™ๅฎคใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆในใ‚‹ไฝ“ๅˆถใ‚’ๆ•ดใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:49
You write out the structure, you get the teacher to define it, teach to you, and you will remember.
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ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎš็พฉใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใจใ€่ฆšใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:55
Bet it's worth more than a Starbucks coffee.
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ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
14:59
Anyway. Ezekiel likes it black and tall. Send one - engVid.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚ ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใฏ้ป’ใใฆ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ engVid ใ‚’ 1 ใค้€ไฟกใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:04
So, the big quiz after, asking you what are the things you should put down
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎๅพŒใฎๅคงใใชใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญ
15:07
and then, you know, try and put it to use.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
15:10
Alright? It'll help you with general grammar, and advanced grammar lessons as well.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
15:13
It's always my pleasure helping you,
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚
15:15
and I'd like to be more of service to you,
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15:18
so why don't you come to engVid?
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ใŠไธ–่ฉฑใซใชใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€engVid ใซๆฅใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
15:21
So I'll put it on the board, ok, just in case
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ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใฆใŠใใพใ™
15:24
And by the way, check out our other lessons on basic grammar - we've got a whole unit you might wanna take a look at.
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ - ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆๅ…จไฝ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
15:31
Coming up soon, alright?
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:33
So it's www dot Eng (as in English)
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€www dot Eng (่‹ฑ่ชž)
15:40
Vid (as in video)
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Vid (ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช)
15:44
dot com
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dot com
15:46
Where we do our best every day to make life a little easier for you.
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็š†ๆง˜ใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚ๆฅฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ—ฅใ€…ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:50
Have a great day.
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ใ™ใฆใใชไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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