Pronunciation - 3 Mistakes part 2 ('t' & 'd')

149,391 views ใƒป 2009-01-24

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. James. Today I want to talk about something very specific. I love to teach on different
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็ง‘็›ฎใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใ
00:16
subjects in English, but today is going to be actually more of a response to a video
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅ ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€
00:20
I done earlier, and I hope this will be helpful to you. It's about the apostrophe s, but specifically
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ไปฅๅ‰ใซไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใธใฎๅๅฟœใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฆใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™. ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„
00:27
I want to talk about it's the idea of possessive. Now, I had one or two questions about James's,
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ใซใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ ผใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฎใƒšใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ 1 ใคใ‹ 2 ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:38
because I said James's pen, and a few people said, "James's pen? No, you can't say it. It's
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฎใƒšใƒณใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบ ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฎใƒšใƒณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:43
wrong." One person even said, "I am a lecturer, and you can't say that." So, what I want to do
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้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ ่ฌ›ๅธซใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ•ใˆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎ
00:50
is explain here why you may hear that opinion, or if you hear something different, why both may be
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ใฏใ€ใชใœใใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใจใ€ใชใœไธกๆ–นใŒๅๅฏพใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹
00:57
seemingly opposite, but they're both true. Let's go to the board. Okay? So, we're doing apostrophe s,
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ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s
01:05
and when we talk about the apostrophe s, what we have to remember is this. The general rule
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช
01:09
in English is, well, let's do something else. Let's talk about the simple present. In the
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:15
simple present, how do we identify the third person singular? I hope it's not too technical
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ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใงใฏใ€ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ— ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใพใ‚ŠๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„
01:22
now, okay? How do we identify the third person singular? When we have verbs, we add an s, right?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใฎ่ฆ‹ๅˆ†ใ‘ๆ–นใฏ ๏ผŸ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€s ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:36
When you do that, you always add an s to the verb, right? Plus s to the verb, and then we know we
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใซsใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅ‹•่ฉžใซ s ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
01:43
have the third person singular. It's a rule, and we stand by that rule for clarity. When you know
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ไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
there's an s at the end of the verb, you know it's the third person singular. Why am I talking about
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซ s ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใชใœ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆ
01:55
this? Well, it actually leads back to why we have the apostrophe s on the possessive. The apostrophe
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ ผใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ ผใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ
02:04
s on the possessive form indicates singular possession. Okay? So, it indicates singular
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s ใฏใ€ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐ
02:20
possession. Now, the problem is if you were dealing with the simple present, and you forget
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ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงๅ•้กŒใฏ ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
02:25
it's put on the s, we automatically assume it must be plural. So, we say to be consistent,
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ s ใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ ใซ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไธ€่ฒซๆ€ง
02:31
and to make it easier for other people to understand, we always add the s on the third
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ใ‚’ไฟใกใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใŒ็†่งฃใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†
02:35
person singular in the simple present. The rule is similar with the apostrophe s. So that we know
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ใซใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใฎไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซๅธธใซ s ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆๅ‰‡ ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
it's singular, we add the apostrophe s. If we do this, we know it's plural. Now, here's the problem
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅ•้กŒใจ
02:54
or the difficulty. Sometimes, strange words appear. These words, bad words, they end in an s,
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ใ„ใ†ใ‹้›ฃใ—ใ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใใฉใๅค‰ใช่จ€่‘‰ ใŒๅ‡บใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ๆ‚ชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ s ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
03:04
like this. And it causes some people to have a problem actually saying the s. Well, it doesn't,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซsใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใซๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ ใพใ™. ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
03:15
but for some they would say so. Now, this is where the apostrophe s gets a little bit confusing,
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ใŒใ€ใใ†่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ ใงใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ †ใ‚’่ฟฝใฃใฆ
03:20
but it's not really if you follow along. Now, remember, the apostrophe s means single. So,
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ใ„ใ‘ใฐใใ‚Œใปใฉ้›ฃใ—ใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง ใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใฏๅ˜ไธ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:25
this is James' pen. I've been alive for some time, and I've known that it's been James' pen,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚นใฎใƒšใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฎใƒšใƒณใ€
03:32
James' bed, James' condom for a long time. Okay? But I know that there is another part to this
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฎใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‰ใƒผใƒ ใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้•ทใ„้–“็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใฏๅˆฅใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆ
03:42
rule, and it goes something like this. If the pronunciation is difficult, then we get rid of
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็™บ้ŸณใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
03:49
the s. That's where this came from when people said this is okay, this is the official rule,
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ใ€s ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไบบใ€… ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใงๅ•้กŒใชใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ…ฌๅผใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚Š
03:56
s apostrophe, and that's what you do. It's from the pronunciation. Now, what they say about this
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ใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
04:02
is you should add this for the singular. That's how you should do it. If you don't do that,
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ในใๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจ
04:09
you take off the s. Where the rule comes in, you must be consistent, and this is important to
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sใ‚’่„ฑใใ€‚ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒ ๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไธ€่ฒซๆ€งใ‚’ไฟใคๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
04:13
remember. If you choose to do this, sorry, this form, you must be consistent throughout your
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ๅ…จไฝ“ใงไธ€่ฒซๆ€งใ‚’ไฟใคๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:20
writing. Otherwise, it becomes confusing. When you do this form, it is understood that this
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ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œ
04:26
means possession. S apostrophe means possession throughout. If you add the s, apostrophe s,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ S ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฏใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ sใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€
04:32
and you do say John's book, apostrophe s, you must be consistent throughout the rest.
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John ใฎๆœฌใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงไธ€่ฒซๆ€งใ‚’ไฟใคๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:38
This is what's followed in most universities in the world, or should I say Western universities.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธ–็•Œใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅคงๅญฆ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๆฌง็ฑณใฎๅคงๅญฆใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:44
Now, if you have any other questions on that, well, actually, let me just write that on the
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆไป–ใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:48
board for you. So remember, the rule is to be consistent. If you do this, s apostrophe,
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. ใƒซใƒผใƒซ ใฏไธ€่ฒซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€s ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ€s ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
04:55
you have to stay with the s apostrophe. If you do this, you have to do apostrophe s throughout.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ…จไฝ“ใงใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
Now, in a second, I'm going to show you an example because this is from London, England,
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ใ™ใใซไพ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎ
05:06
actually, where I was born. You'll see a place, and this is where English started,
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ใงใ™ ๅ ดๆ‰€ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅง‹ใพใฃใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€
05:09
England, yeah. You're going to see like, well, you'll look just at the screen.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ็”ป้ขใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:21
Okay. Yeah, that's my name with James's place. Yeah. See that? My name. Okay. So, if you ever,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใˆใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฎๅฎถใงใฎ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅๅ‰ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
05:29
on one more note, please, people, when you address and say somebody's wrong,
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ—ใฆ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€
05:33
and I am human, so there probably is going to be a time I'm wrong, and I'm going to have to
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏไบบ้–“ใชใฎใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ็งใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:37
apologize. One should always say, I think you made a mistake. If you are going to say someone's
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่ฌ็ฝชใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆจฉๅจใฎ
05:44
wrong, always argue from proof, not from position of authority. Okay, boys and girls? Okay. It's a
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็ซ‹ๅ ดใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅธธใซ่จผๆ‹ ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„. ็”ทใฎๅญใ‚‚ๅฅณใฎๅญใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:50
quick lesson. Anyway, look, I want you to have a great day. If you have any other questions,
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ใ‚ใฃใจใ„ใ†้–“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใปใ‚‰ ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ไป–ใซ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
05:54
please ask, and you can also consult other grammar guides if you're not too sure. You'll
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่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไป–ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
find that the rule is, apostrophe s is the king, and it should be always apostrophe s. However,
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใŒ็Ž‹ๆง˜ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅธธใซใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃ s ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:04
okay, in the case, if you want to be consistent, you don't add, then you can do this one,
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ไธ€่ฒซๆ€งใ‚’ไฟใกใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
06:08
where it's s apostrophe. But remember, the king, the key rule is consistency. You see James's
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ใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็Ž‹ๆง˜ ใ€้‡่ฆใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏไธ€่ฒซๆ€งใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฎๅฎถใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆ
06:14
place. Yeah. Anyway, I will talk to you later. Hey, make sure you come back to my favorite spot.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ๅพŒใง่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใญใˆใ€็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:22
I'm always here. www.engvid, eng as in English, vid as in video.com. Okay. I like to call it.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚ www.engvidใ€eng ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ vid ใฏ video.com ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‘ผใณๅ‡บใ™ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
06:39
Yeah. Have a great day. I'll talk to you soon.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ™ใฆใใช ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ใ€‚ ใ™ใใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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