How to Use Auxiliary Verbs in Conversations

140,631 views ใƒป 2012-01-13

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Tell me when it's on. This stuff is weird, man. It's wet.
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ใ‚ชใƒณใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใงใ™ใ€ ็”ทใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฌใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
00:07
Hi, James from engVid. Just reading a book. She called it a book. In fact, is it a book?
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€engVid ใฎ James ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœฌใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:17
Why don't we look at helper verbs? Usually when you study auxiliary verbs, you're told
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ใƒ˜ใƒซใƒ‘ใƒผๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธ ใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ
00:22
the auxiliary verbs have a function in grammar, and you're given these things like "I am running,"
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ใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใซใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ไธŠใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ตฐใฃ
00:28
"I am eating," "Have you gone?" or "Have you eaten?" And you're told that these have
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:37
specific meaning. This is true. However, sometimes you can have fun with grammar. In fact, many
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ— ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅคšใใฎ
00:44
students often ask, "Why is it Canadians speak like this? Why don't they say, 'I haven't
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ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ€Œใชใœใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ไบบใฏ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใชใœ
00:51
had dinner yet'?" Right? "Why don't they say, 'I haven't'?" It seems wrong because at school
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ใ€Žใพใ ๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใชใœๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€Ž็งใฏใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
00:56
they're taught one thing, and then they see the Canadians breaking the rules. Well, I'm
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅญฆๆ กใง 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซ ใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ไบบใŒ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚’็ ดใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ๆ€ใ„ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใŒๆœ‰ๅŠน
01:00
going to show you two ways today that auxiliary verbs are used that you may not have thought
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ใชๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ 2 ใค็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™
01:05
of, but are valid. Completely valid. I'll give you an example. Let's first look at the
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ใ€‚ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆœ‰ๅŠนใงใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€
01:10
general rules. I'm not going to go deeply into it, but what most of you know. If you
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆทฑใๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
01:16
need more, of course you're on engVid, so you know, go check out the videos. There are
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ engVid ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ— ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:20
going to be things on the present perfect, the past, and the future. Okay?
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€ๆœชๆฅๅฝขใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:25
So, what are some examples of auxiliary verbs? Well, you've seen them. The verb "to be."
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ใงใฏใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใซใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใชใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
01:31
"Be" is "am" and "are." They're auxiliary verbs. "I am happy." But usually when you say an
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ใ€Œbeใ€ใฏใ€Œamใ€ใจใ€Œareใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚ "็งใฏๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€‚" ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้€šๅธธใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ
01:39
auxiliary, it's a helper verb, meaning there are two verbs. So, "I am happy" is just the
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ€
01:44
verb "to be" doing its job. When it's an auxiliary, it might say, "I am going to the store." "Am"
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ใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฃœๅŠฉใฎ ใจใใฏใ€ŒใŠๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ "Am"
01:50
plus "going" gives you the idea of movement. So, in this case, "ing" verb "to be" equals
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ใจ "going" ใ‚’่ถณใ™ใจใ€ๅ‹•ใใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œingใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œto beใ€ใฏ
01:55
action. So, it helps to tell us action is happening now, as we call it the present continuous.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ็›ธๅฝ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•ไฝœใŒไปŠ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:02
How about here? We also use auxiliary verbs to tell us time. In English, we only really
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ใ“ใ“ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใŸใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃ ใฆๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ไผใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
02:07
have two different times, right? We have the past, which is with the past participle or
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ใฏ2ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ? ้ŽๅŽปใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉž
02:12
a past ending, and then we have the present with "ing," and how we make future is with
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ใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽป่ชžๅฐพใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจ ใฏใ€Œingใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœชๆฅใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•
02:18
an auxiliary verb. So, let's go. You'll notice here, the past "did." So, we use "I did go"
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ใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฏใ€Œใ—ใŸใ€ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒI did goใ€
02:25
or "It did work." We put them together, two verbs, "It did work." We use it for emphasis
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒIt did workใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†2ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟ
02:30
and to tell us past, right? Now, future, we use "will." We use this one modal type verb
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ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’่ชžใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ไปŠใ€ๆœชๆฅใ€็งใŸใก ใฏใ€Œๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ 1 ใคใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซ ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ
02:37
and we add it to another verb, like "I will go," "I will be," and it tells me future.
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ใ€ใ€ŒI will goใ€ใ€ใ€ŒI will beใ€ใชใฉใฎๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆœชๆฅใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
And then, finally, we use the perfect "have" to show there's a connection. "I have gone,"
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ ใ€ใคใชใŒใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ่กŒใ
02:48
"I will have been." There's a connection with the past to some other time, past, present
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ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใ€้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœชๆฅใธใฎ้ŽๅŽปใจใฎใคใชใŒใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:54
or future. General auxiliary verb, helping to give us an idea of time and action. So,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ใจ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
03:01
what do I have to teach you? You know this already. Fun stuff. Now, "I'm lazy." "I don't
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ใงใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ€ ใ‘่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใฏ
03:08
know about you, but I don't use a tissue. I pick my nose." Faster, quicker. I'm joking.
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็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้ผปใ‚’ใปใ˜ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้€Ÿใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้€Ÿใใ€‚ ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:14
Don't do that. It's disgusting. So, sometimes when people ask me a question, I don't want
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ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅซŒใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไบบใ€…ใŒ็งใซ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใฏ
03:19
to repeat everything. You're often taught in English, the answer to the question is
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ใ™ในใฆใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€่ณชๅ•ใธใฎ็ญ”ใˆ
03:23
in the question. "Do you like ice cream?" "Yes, I do like ice cream." Reverse it, right?
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ใฏ่ณชๅ•ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€็งใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’้€†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:30
Cool. I don't want to do that. So, I simply say, "I do." Huh? Yeah. I use an auxiliary
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ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅ˜ใซ ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฏ๏ผŸ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธป่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
03:36
verb plus a subject. It's done. It's a short answer. You see it in many grammar books.
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ใ€‚ ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็Ÿญใ„ ็ญ”ใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆ›ธใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
You didn't know why? Well, this tells me this is true. I am using part of the sentence,
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ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆ–‡ใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
03:48
so I'm just saying, "I have," and you know what the rest is, so I don't have to say this.
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ใฎใงใ€ใ€ŒI haveใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฏใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Š ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:52
I know for myself as an English teacher, I always tell students to say the whole sentence,
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็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆใ€ ๅธธใซ็”Ÿๅพ’ใซๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆ
03:56
but that's when they're beginning, so they get to understand the structure, but Canadians,
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ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใชใฎใง ใ€ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ไบบใ€
04:00
Americans, Brits don't do this, so you don't have to once you understand, right? So, "Have
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ไธ€ๅบฆ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œ
04:06
you had dinner?" "Yes, I have." I'm affirming I've had dinner, and I just have to say, "What
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ๅค•้ฃŸใฏ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็งใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ใจใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ–ญ่จ€ใ—ใฆใ„
04:12
am I saying yes to?" "Had dinner." That's it. Cool. Like that? You can do that for anything.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ "้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€‚" ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:19
"Do you like ice cream?" "Yes," affirmation. "I do." "I do like ice cream." You don't need
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"ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€่‚ฏๅฎšใ€‚ "ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚" ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๆ–‡ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:25
to say the whole sentence. Cool? Great. How about we look at another example? Here's a
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ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใฎ
04:33
word for you, "feign." "Feign" is to pretend. If you feign interest in something, you pretend
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่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใตใ‚Šใ€ใฏใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
04:39
to be interested, or you might be interested, and you want to show you're polite, you have
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ใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใตใ‚Šใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
04:43
manners. So, how we do this, again, we use an auxiliary verb, right? We add the auxiliary
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ใƒžใƒŠใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใซใฏใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ 
04:48
verb, and, well, for instance, why don't we do this? We'll use a pronoun. One of my favorite
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ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใฎใฏใชใœ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ
04:55
programs is Star Trek. Oh, no. Before we get that one, that's good, so don't look yet.
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€ใพใ ่ฆ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„.
05:00
But you can say, "Is Tom coming to the party?" No. Let's just say, "Josh and Rachel are getting
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ ใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆฅใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใจใƒฌใ‚คใƒใ‚งใƒซใŒ็ตๅฉšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:07
married." And you can say, "Are they?" Wow, that's so cool. Now, you could say, "That's
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ
05:14
so cool," or, "That's nice," and it's matter of fact. Matter of fact can be what we say,
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™. ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
05:19
"Are they?" or just, "Hm." But by saying, "Are they?" it's, "I am so interested in this."
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ใ€Œใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:26
So a lot of times, we take a pronoun, plus we take the auxiliary verb, and verb to be
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไปฃๅ่ฉž ใจๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž to be
05:31
is an auxiliary verb. We add them together and put them at the beginning of a statement
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ใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ถณใ—ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ ใ€็™บ่จ€ใฎๅ†’้ ญใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ
05:36
we're going to say, and it shows interest, like, "I'm very interested in what you have
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็™บ่จ€ ใซใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€้–ขๅฟƒใ‚’็คบใ—
05:39
to say." So in this case, "Captain Kirk is gay, gay, gay, gay." Please, Star Trek people,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒผใ‚ฏ่ˆน้•ทใฏ ใ‚ฒใ‚คใ€ใ‚ฒใ‚คใ€ใ‚ฒใ‚คใ€ใ‚ฒใ‚คใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎ
05:46
don't send me e-mails, okay? We know who it is. And in fact, you Star Trek people who
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็งใซใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎไบบใ€…ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
05:52
are learning English can go, "He is, dun-dun-dun-dun, shock and surprise and polite interest. He
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05:58
is, I thought it was Sulu who was gay." Sorry, Sulu, I just outed you. Okay? By the way,
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ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ ใ‚นใƒผใƒซใƒผใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ฟฝใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใกใชใฟใซใ€
06:07
there is nothing wrong with that. It's not to be anything about homosexuals, just the
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅŒๆ€งๆ„›่€…ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใใ€
06:11
idea you can show interest. People who like Star Trek might be surprised, but they go,
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใซ้ŽใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใฏ ้ฉšใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
06:16
"He is, I'm interested, and I want to show a polite interest." So there you go. You have
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
06:21
just learned to show polite interest, and also answer questions quickly without repeating
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ไธๅฏงใช้–ขๅฟƒใ‚’็คบใ—ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใšใซ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ด ๆ—ฉใ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
06:26
yourself, and elevated yourself from a beginner position in grammar to a higher one, and much
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ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใธใ€ใใ—ใฆ
06:31
more natural speech. Hope you enjoyed this lesson, and you can go to, well, do you know
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใชไผš่ฉฑใธใจ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„
06:38
the address? Yes, I do. See? You just used it. Yes, I do. You don't have to say, "Yes,
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ไฝๆ‰€ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ไฝๆ‰€ใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:43
I do know the address." But let's just help you. You can go to www.engvid.com. You can
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:01
pick up more of these lessons, do the quizzes, and have some fun on our channel. Are you?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ๏ผŸ
07:06
You are happy you learned from us. Good. Quick review. You know the general ones, action
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŸใกใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใช ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจๆ™‚้–“ใจใ„ใ†ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏ
07:13
and time, and now you know two new ones, short answers and polite interest. See you.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็Ÿญใ„็ญ”ใˆใจไธๅฏงใช้–ขๅฟƒใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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