English Grammar - Articles - How to use A, AN, THE

742,332 views ใƒป 2008-10-31

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Wow. They won a game. They really won a game.
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ใŠใŠใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใซๅ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใซๅ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
00:09
Hi. I'm James. I was just reading that the Philadelphia Flyers, they're an American baseball team.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒฉใƒ‡ใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใƒปใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒคใƒผใ‚บใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใฎ้‡Ž็ƒใƒใƒผใƒ ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:17
They won a baseball game. In fact, they won the biggest baseball game ever, the World Series.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้‡Ž็ƒใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใซๅ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅฒไธŠๆœ€ๅคงใฎ้‡Ž็ƒใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ ใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใงๅ„ชๅ‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:24
If you were listening carefully, I know you were, you probably noticed I said "the" and "a" a lot.
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ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ็งใŒใ€Œtheใ€ใจใ€Œaใ€ใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:32
There's another one I can use, which is "an", but we'll get to that because today we're going to talk about articles.
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œanใ€ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:46
Now, articles are funny things because many foreign students, when they start learning a language,
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ๅคšใใฎๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณ
00:51
they get very good with the vocabulary, the particular words.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ้žๅธธใซๅพ—ๆ„ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:55
They also do very well with the grammar.
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ใพใŸใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚‚้žๅธธใซ ๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:58
But they forget something that's really important to us, which are articles.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใจใ„ใ†็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:01
Articles define to us whether a thing is singular or plural.
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ๅ† ่ฉžใฏ ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‹่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎš็พฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:05
And how they do this is by telling us, if you see an article, it must be singular.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰น็•ฐใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ็งใŸใกใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
01:10
But that's not the only thing it does. Let's take a look.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:16
Now, an easy way to remember articles are this.
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ใ•ใฆ ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
01:19
The word "article" has two things that are important to us.
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ใ€Œ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซ ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
"a" for "a" and "t" for "t".
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ใ€Œaใ€ใฏใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œtใ€ใฏใ€Œtใ€ใ€‚
01:31
Like that.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
01:32
Now, when you see the words "a" or "the", we're talking about singular objects.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œtheใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏ็‰น็•ฐใชใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
01:37
So I have "a pen".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ€Œใƒšใƒณใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
And "the pen" is good.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใƒšใƒณใ€ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
01:44
I know, stupid sentence, but you get the idea, right?
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็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ๆ„šใ‹ใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
01:47
I have "a pen".
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็งใฏใ€Œใƒšใƒณใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:51
Better sentence. "The pen is blue."
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ–‡ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใฎใƒšใƒณใฏ้’ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:56
Now, you're probably thinking, "Well, that's a good sentence."
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:59
"A pen." Better sentence. "The pen is blue."
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"ใƒšใƒณใ€‚" ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆ–‡ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใฎใƒšใƒณใฏ้’ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:07
Now, you're probably saying to yourself, "Huh? Why did you say 'a pen' and then 'the pen'?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใ“ใ†
02:12
Aren't they the same pen?"
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่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:14
You're smart. I knew I liked you for a reason.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ณขใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ็†็”ฑใงใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฅฝใใ ใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:17
Come on.
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ๆฅใฆใ€‚
02:19
Yes, "a" and "the" are for singular things.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ ใ€Œaใ€ใจใ€Œtheใ€ใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
02:22
But, when we say "a", we're not talking about specific things, we're talking about general things.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
02:29
So "a" is for general things.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:33
And "the" is for specific things.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œtheใ€ใฏ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:45
Now, I'm going to teach you a little trick to help you remember something.
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ใงใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ณใƒ„ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
When I said "a" and I introduced the pen, I said, "This is a pen."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใƒšใƒณใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใŸใจใ ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒšใƒณใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:57
This is the first time I mentioned it.
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็งใŒใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:59
Because it's the first time I mentioned it and it's a general thing,
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ๅˆใ‚ใฆใฎใ“ใจใงไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช
03:03
I'm going to say "a pen".
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ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€Œใƒšใƒณใ€ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:06
Now, I'm going to teach you a little trick to help you remember something.
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ใงใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ณใƒ„ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:10
This is the first time I mentioned it. Because it's the first time I mentioned it and it's a general thing,
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็งใŒใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆใ‚ใฆใฎใ“ใจใงใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจ
03:16
or another thing, you don't know what I'm talking about, I say "a".
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ใ‹ๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:22
So, when we don't know, when all the people talking don't know what you're talking about, we say "a".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใใ€่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œaใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™.
03:28
For instance, I could say to you, "Can you get me a pen? I don't have a specific pen in mind."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ใƒšใƒณใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใƒšใƒณใฏ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:34
You don't know the pens I'm talking about, so you think, "Okay, what pen is he talking about?"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒšใƒณใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ๅฝผใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒšใƒณใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
When I point to the pens, I say, "The pen's over there."
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ใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ•ใ™ ใจใ€ใ€Œใƒšใƒณใฏใ‚ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:44
I point, you see this, then you'll say, "Ah, he wants a pen, any pen."
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็งใŒๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆฌฒใ—ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชใƒšใƒณใงใ‚‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:49
So, there are two cases here.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:51
First, it's a general thing.
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ใพใšใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:53
The second thing, not everybody knows what you're talking about.
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2 ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:57
So, when we say "a", we mean one, general things, and two, not everyone knows what you're talking about.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€1 ใคใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ€ 2 ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:05
[writing]
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ใ€่ฟฝ่จ˜ใ€‘
04:24
Now, this is important.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:28
I'll give you an example.
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:30
My friend Ezekiel, he's having a party tonight.
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ๅ‹้”ใฎใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใ€ ๅฝผใฏไปŠๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’้–‹ใใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
04:36
Now, when I talk to my other friend Josh, he doesn't know about the party.
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ไบบใฎๅ‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใจ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ€ ๅฝผใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:41
And Josh says to me, "What are you doing tonight?"
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใฏ็งใซ ใ€ŒไปŠๅคœใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:44
I say, "I'm going to a party."
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็งใฏใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:47
Not only are parties general things, but Josh has no idea about the party I'm talking about.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€Josh ใฏ็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:54
Now, let's just say Josh and Ezekiel have talked about the party before I came.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ็งใŒๆฅใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใจใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:01
Josh says to me, "What are you doing tonight?"
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ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใฏ็งใซใ€ ใ€ŒไปŠๅคœไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:04
I know Josh knows about the party.
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็งใฏใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
05:07
Then I'll say, "Hey, I'm going to the party. Are you going?"
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ ็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กŒใโ€‹โ€‹ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:10
So, "the" is not only for specific things, it's for when both people or all people know what you're talking about.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œtheใ€ใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใ‚’่กจใ™ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ ไธกๆ–นใฎไบบใพใŸใฏใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:18
One, it's for specific things.
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1ใคใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:24
And two, everyone.
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ใใ—ใฆ2ใคใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:28
Now, these are important distinctions because many students get confused with them.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้‡่ฆใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:51
So, let's go over them again.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:53
Okay? Now, after I finish speaking, it'll come up on the blue screen. We'll have a little test.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไปŠใ€็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—็ต‚ใˆใŸๅพŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใƒ–ใƒซใƒผ ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒณใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
And you can try and remember which definition goes with which thing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใฎๅฎš็พฉใŒใฉใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:01
"A" is used for general things, number one.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€ ไธ€็•ชใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
"A" is used when we don't know, or sorry, not everybody knows what's being discussed or talked about.
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ใ€ŒAใ€ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใพใŸใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™.
06:15
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:16
Alright. I'm sure you remember that.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:23
Now, let's look at "the". Remember?
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œtheใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆ๏ผŸ
06:25
"The" is for specific things, or when all of the people know what you're talking about.
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"the" ใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎไบ‹ๆŸ„ใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ในใฆใฎไบบใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:32
Okay? Once again, remember, look at the blue screen.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ ใ€้’ใ„็”ป้ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:35
Fantastic.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
06:43
Now, we've done that.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใงๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:46
There is one small difference.
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1 ใคใฎๅฐใ•ใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:48
Sometimes, when we're dealing with vowels, we have to make a small change.
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€ๅฐใ•ใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:54
Now, "the" is alright. It doesn't change.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ€Œtheใ€ใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:57
But, if you deal with vowels, or you deal with words that start with "you" or "your", as in "European" or "University", we have to do a small change.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Œใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œๅคงๅญฆใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ†ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฐใ•ใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:13
And that change is this.
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
07:15
"An". "A" becomes "an".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:19
"An elephant".
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"่ฑก"ใ€‚
07:22
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:25
"An apple".
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"ใฒใจใคใฎใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”"ใ€‚
07:27
This is for vowels.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฏ้Ÿณ็”จใงใ™ใ€‚
07:32
Now, words that start with "you" or "European", we still use "a".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œyouใ€ ใ‚„ใ€ŒEuropeanใ€ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ไปŠใงใ‚‚ใ€Œaใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:37
"A university". "A university". "European". Sorry. "European".
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"ๅคงๅญฆ"ใ€‚ "ๅคงๅญฆ"ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใ€ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใ€ใ€‚
07:43
Okay? So, we still use "a" with things like...
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏใพใ ใ€Œaใ€ใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™...
07:50
Or, you're looking for the "you" or "your" sound.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:03
Now, hopefully, I have been able to help you with this problem.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸ.
08:08
There's going to be another one that will come up later.
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ๅพŒใงๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅญฆ็”Ÿ
08:10
Another big thing for students are prepositions.
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ใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจ ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:13
That will be another lesson.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใŸๅˆฅใฎๆ•™่จ“ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:14
So, remember, if you want to talk about one general thing, use "a" or "an". "An" is used with vowels.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€1 ใคใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œanใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:21
Okay? And, if you want to talk about specific things, or things that everybody knows about, we use "the".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ ใ“ใจใ‚„ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œtheใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:27
Cool. You got "the" message? Good. I knew it was "a". Good lesson.
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ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ถใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใ ใจๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ๆ•™่จ“ใ€‚
08:32
Have a great day and come again.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใฆใ€ใพใŸๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:34
But, before I take off, quick message, because I want to help you more.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€้›ข้™ธใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธ ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:38
And the best way to do that is to send you where I'm going to be. Okay?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ ใ€็งใŒ่กŒใใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:41
So, if you have any questions on articles, or prepositions, or any other grammar points, please come to www.engvid.com.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ† ่ฉžใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎไป–ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:54
www.engvid.com
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www.engvid.com
09:15
Here, you'll be able to find teachers such as myself and others who can help you with your grammar problems, pronunciation, listening, whatever you need.
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ใ“ใ“ใง ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๅ•้กŒใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใชใฉใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹็งใ‚„ไป–ใฎๆ•™ๅธซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:23
Come to the forum. Look forward to seeing you. Bye.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒฉใƒ ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใฎ ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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