Saving dead languages ⏲️ 6 Minute English

125,413 views ・ 2023-10-05

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:08
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”. BBC
00:10
Learning English. I'm Neil
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Learning English의 6λΆ„μ˜μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” Neil
00:12
Β  and I'm Phil. And now that we've done our hellos,
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이고 Β Philμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 인사λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ³€μœΌλ‹ˆ, μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜
00:16
let's hear some greetings in different languages from around the world.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ–Έμ–΄λ‘œ 인사말을 λ“€μ–΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:20
But what do these languages have in common?
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그런데 이듀 μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ 곡톡점은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
00:32
I'm afraid I don't know what they have in common
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μœ κ°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 곡톡점이 무엇인지
00:34
because I don't recognise any of them.
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λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:37
Well, sadly, the one thing uniting these languages
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μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„ 이 언어듀을 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ λ¬ΆλŠ” ν•œ 가지 사싀은 이
00:41
is that they're all endangered.
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언어듀이 λͺ¨λ‘ λ©Έμ’… μœ„κΈ°μ— μ²˜ν•΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
We often hear about animals at risk of extinction,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ©Έμ’… μœ„κΈ°μ— μ²˜ν•œ 동물에 λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό 자주 λ“£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
but a recent study by the Australian National University found that
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 호주 ꡭ립 λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ˜ 졜근 연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ „
00:50
out of the world's seven thousand existing languages,
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세계에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 7,000개 μ–Έμ–΄ 쀑
00:54
half are under threat.
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절반이 μœ„ν˜‘μ„ λ°›κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
But what can be done to save languages from dying out.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ λ©Έμ’…λ˜λŠ” 것을 막기 μœ„ν•΄ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:01
That's what we'll be discussing in this programme
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ—μ„œ λ…Όμ˜ν•  λ‚΄μš©
01:03
and as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
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이며 ν‰μ†Œμ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λͺ‡ 가지 μœ μš©ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ–΄νœ˜λ„ 배우게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
But first,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¨Όμ € Philμ—κ²Œ
01:09
I have a question for you,
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질문이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ
01:10
Phil, and it's about a country which used to be one
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01:13
of the most linguistically rich places on earth,
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μ–Έμ–΄μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μž₯ λΆ€μœ ν•œ κ³³ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€λ˜ ν˜Έμ£Όμ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:16
Australia. Before European settlers arrived in the 1800s,
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. 1800λ…„λŒ€μ— 유럽인 정착민듀이 λ„μ°©ν•˜κΈ° 전에
01:21
Australia had over two hundred languages spoken by
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ν˜Έμ£Όμ—λŠ”
01:24
the native Aboriginal people who had lived there for thousands of years.
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수천 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 그곳에 μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ 원주민듀이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 200개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹Ήμ‹œ 호주 μ •λΆ€μ˜ μž”μΈν•œ 법에 μ˜ν•΄
01:29
Many Aboriginal languages were destroyed by
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λ§Žμ€ 원주민 μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:32
the brutal laws of the Australian government at the time.
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.
01:35
However, some survived.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μΌλΆ€λŠ” μ‚΄μ•„ λ‚¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
So, which of the following Aboriginal languages is still spoken today
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그러면 λ‹€μŒ 원주민 μ–Έμ–΄ 쀑 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λ„ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄λŠ”
01:42
is it a) Djinang
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a) Djinang
01:45
b) Alawa
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b) Alawa
01:47
or c) Gagadu?
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λ˜λŠ” c) Gagaduμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μ•„λ¬΄λž˜λ„
01:50
I'll guess it's Djinang.
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Djinang인 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
01:52
OK Phil, I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
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OK Phil, λ‚˜μ€‘μ— ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ—μ„œ 닡을 κ³΅κ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:56
The sad truth is that
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μŠ¬ν”ˆ 사싀은 원주민에 λŒ€ν•œ μž”μΈν•œ λŒ€μš°λ‘œ 인해
01:57
it was no accident that the Aboriginal languages died out,
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원주민 μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ λ©Έμ’…λœ 것이 μš°μ—°μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:01
given the cruel treatment of Aboriginal people.
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.
02:04
Children were removed from their mothers
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아이듀은 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό 배우기 μœ„ν•΄
02:06
and sent to schools thousands of miles away to learn English, and even today
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수천 마일 떨어진 ν•™κ΅λ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄μ‘Œκ³  μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λ„
02:11
Aboriginal communities experience racism and poverty.
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원주민 κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” 인쒅차별과 λΉˆκ³€μ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
Another aboriginal language,
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 원주민 언어인 반갈라(
02:17
Barngala, officially died in 1960
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Barngala)λŠ” 1960년에
02:20
when its last native speaker, elder Mooney Davies passed away.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 원어민인 λ¬΄λ‹ˆ λ°μ΄λΉ„μŠ€(Mooney Davies) μž₯λ‘œκ°€ μ‚¬λ§ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
But Barngala has been brought back to life.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ BarngalaλŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
And today, it's spoken between parents and children and even learned in school.
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그리고 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ” λΆ€λͺ¨μ™€ μžλ…€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λ©° 심지어 ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œλ„ λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
So, how did a dead language with no living speakers come back to life.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” ν™”μžκ°€ μ—†λŠ” 죽은 μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚΄μ•„λ‚  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:40
The unusual answer involves a dictionary and a professor of linguistics.
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νŠΉμ΄ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ 사전 κ³Ό μ–Έμ–΄ν•™ κ΅μˆ˜μ™€ 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
Here's Professor Ghil'ad Zuckerman telling his story for BBC
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μ—¬κΈ° Ghil'ad Zuckerman κ΅μˆ˜κ°€ BBC
02:49
World Service Programme,
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World Service Programme,
02:50
People Fixing The World,
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People Fix The World에 λŒ€ν•œ μžμ‹ μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€λ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
I had a dictionary, written by
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λ‚˜λŠ”
02:55
a German Lutheran Christian missionary in 1844.
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1844년에 독일 루터ꡐ 기독ꡐ 선ꡐ사가 μ“΄ 사전을 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
His name was Clamor Wilhelm Schumann, and he wrote the dictionary
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그의 이름은 Clamor Wilhelm Schumannμ΄μ—ˆκ³  κ·ΈλŠ” μ΅œλŒ€ 1000λͺ…μ˜ 사전을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
with up to 3500 words, which is a lot,
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3,500단어인데, μ΄λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
because he wanted to Christianise
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ·ΈλŠ”
03:18
the, in quotation marks, "heathens".
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인용 λΆ€ν˜Έ μ•ˆμ— "이ꡐ도"λ₯Ό κΈ°λ…κ΅ν™”ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
So, it's a topsy-turvy righting the wrong of the past by using
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ •λ°˜λŒ€μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μž‘μ„±λœ 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 과거의 잘λͺ»μ„ λ°”λ‘œμž‘λŠ” 것은 μ–΄μ§€λŸ¬μš΄ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:27
a tool, written for one goal in order to achieve
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03:30
the diametrically opposite goal.
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.
03:33
Professor Zuckerman found an English-to-Barngala dictionary, written
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Zuckerman κ΅μˆ˜λŠ” 외ꡭ에 μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 쒅ꡐλ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ™Έκ΅­μœΌλ‘œ 파견된 독일 선ꡐ사가 1844년에 μ“΄ μ˜μ–΄-λ°”λ₯΄κ°ˆλΌ 사전을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:37
in 1844 by a German missionary, a person sent
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03:42
to a foreign country to teach their religion to the people living there.
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.
03:46
Christian missionaries used the dictionary to teach English
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기독ꡐ 선ꡐ사듀은
03:49
to what they called Aboriginal "heathens".
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원주민 "이ꡐ도"μ—κ²Œ μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 이 사전을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
'Heathen' is an old fashioned word for someone who belongs to no religion
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'이ꡐ도'λŠ” 쒅ꡐ가 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜
03:58
or to a religion that is not Christianity, Judaism or Islam.
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기독ꡐ, μœ λŒ€κ΅, μ΄μŠ¬λžŒκ΅κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 쒅ꡐ에 μ†ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ” ꡬ식 λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Professor Zuckerman puts the words 'heathen' in quotation marks.
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Zuckerman κ΅μˆ˜λŠ” '이ꡐ도'λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό 인용 λΆ€ν˜Έ μ•ˆμ— λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
The phrase 'in quotation marks' is used to show the actual words,
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'μΈμš©λΆ€ν˜Έ'λΌλŠ” λ¬Έκ΅¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œ 단어,
04:12
someone else has written or said
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ“°κ±°λ‚˜ λ§ν•œ 단어λ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:15
but here the phrase is used ironically. Professor Zuckerman
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 이 문ꡬ가 μ•„μ΄λŸ¬λ‹ˆν•˜κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 주컀만 κ΅μˆ˜λŠ”
04:19
is questioning the real meaning of the word 'heathens'.
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'이ꡐ도'λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μ§„μ •ν•œ μ˜λ―Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ˜λ¬Έμ„ μ œκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
He is signalling that he doesn't think Aboriginals are heathens
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κ·ΈλŠ” 원주민이 μ „ν˜€ 이ꡐ도라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:26
at all - a bit like adding a wink at the end of a sentence
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. 마치 λ¬Έμž₯ 끝에 μœ™ν¬λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜μ—¬
04:30
so people know you're not serious.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 당신이 μ§„μ§€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
What is ironic is that Professor Zuckerman used the missionary's
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μ•„μ΄λŸ¬λ‹ˆν•œ 것은 주컀만 κ΅μˆ˜κ°€
04:36
dictionary, not to spread Christianity
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기독ꡐ와 μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό μ „νŒŒν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 선ꡐ사 사전을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:39
and English, but to save an Aboriginal language from extinction.
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원주민 μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ©Έμ’…μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 점이닀.
04:44
So, he calls it
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” 그것을
04:45
'topsy-turvy', meaning upside down.
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거꾸둜 된 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 'topsy-turvy'라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
Professor Zuckerman also says he is 'righting the wrongs of the past'
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Zuckerman κ΅μˆ˜λŠ” λ˜ν•œ 과거의 역사적 뢈의λ₯Ό λ°”λ‘œμž‘κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 무언가λ₯Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 의미인 '과거의 잘λͺ»μ„ λ°”λ‘œμž‘κ³  μžˆλ‹€'κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
a phrase which means doing something to correct
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04:56
a historical injustice from the past - in this case,
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”
05:00
the destruction of Aboriginal language and culture.
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원주민 언어와 λ¬Έν™”μ˜ νŒŒκ΄΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
Speaking your own language is about more than communication,
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μžμ‹ μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ κ·Έ μ΄μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
it means knowing your roots and feeling good about yourself.
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 뿌리λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžμ‹ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 쒋은 λŠλ‚Œμ„ κ°–λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제
05:11
I think it's time you reveal the answer to your question, Neil.
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λ„€ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡을 밝힐 λ•Œκ°€ 된 것 κ°™μ•„, 닐.
05:14
OK, well Phil,
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μ’‹μ•„, ν•„,
05:16
you guessed that Djinang was another living Aboriginal language,
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당신은 지낭(Djinang)이 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” 원주민 언어라고 μ§μž‘ν•˜μ…¨μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
which was the correct answer!
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그것이 μ •λ‹΅μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
05:23
Right, let's recap the vocabulary
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
05:25
we've learned starting with 'missionary'-
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'선ꡐ사', 즉 μžμ‹ μ˜
05:27
someone sent to spread their religion
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쒅ꡐλ₯Ό 외ꡭ에 μ „νŒŒν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 파견된 μ‚¬λžŒλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 배운 μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό μš”μ•½ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:29
to a foreign country.
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.
05:31
'Heathen' is an old-fashioned name for someone who believes in no religion.
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'이ꡐ도'λŠ” 쒅ꡐλ₯Ό 믿지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ” ꡬ식 μ΄λ¦„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
The phrase 'in quotation marks' is used to show the actual words spoken
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'μΈμš©λΆ€ν˜Έ'λΌλŠ” λ¬Έκ΅¬λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ§ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ“΄ μ‹€μ œ 단어λ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:42
or written by someone else.
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.
05:44
It can also be used ironically, to show scepticism, disagreement
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λ˜ν•œ μ•„μ΄λŸ¬λ‹ˆν•˜κ²Œλ„
05:49
or belief that a word is misused.
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단어가 잘λͺ» μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 회의주의, 뢈일치 λ˜λŠ” λ―ΏμŒμ„ 보여주기 μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
'Topsy-turvy' means upside down or disorganised.
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'Topsy-turvy'λŠ” 거꾸둜 된 λ˜λŠ” ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
If you 'right the wrongs of the past',
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'과거의 잘λͺ»μ„ λ°”λ‘œμž‘λŠ”λ‹€'λ©΄ 역사적 뢀당함을
05:58
you tried to correct
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λ°”λ‘œμž‘μœΌλ €λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:59
a historical injustice.
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. λ‹€μ‹œ
06:02
Once again our six minutes are up. Goodbye for now.
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ν•œλ²ˆ 6뢄이 μ§€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ•ˆλ…•.
06:05
Bye.
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μ•ˆλ…•.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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