The decline of the apostrophe - 6 Minute English

57,433 views ใƒป 2020-01-09

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:07
Georgina: Hello. This is 6 Minute English, I'm Georgina.
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์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜: ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด, ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
Rob: And I'm Rob.
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๋กญ: ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
Georgina: Are you a punctuation pedant?
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Georgina: ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ pedant์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:14
Do you get upset,
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๊ตฌ๋‘์ (ํŠนํžˆ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ)์ด ์ž˜๋ชป ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
00:15
annoyed or angry if you see punctuation
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๋ณด๋ฉด ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋‚˜์š”
00:17
being used incorrectly โ€“ particularly
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00:19
apostrophes?
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?
00:20
Rob: Well, it depends. Usually Iโ€™m pretty
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๋กญ: ์Œ, ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋Š”
00:23
chilled out about it, but sometimes, just
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฝค ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์›Œ ์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ง
00:25
sometimes it really winds me up โ€“ for
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ธด์žฅ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
example โ€“ if I see a sign for taxis at a
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์—ญ์—์„œ ํƒ์‹œ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์„๋ณด๊ณ 
00:32
train station and it says taxi โ€“ apostrophe - s โ€“ aargh!
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ํƒ์‹œ โ€“ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ โ€“ s โ€“ ์•„์•„!
00:36
Why โ€“ why? The apostrophe is not used
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์™œ ์™œ? ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š”
00:39
to show there is more than one โ€“ itโ€™s used
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๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
to show there is a missing letter or that
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๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:43
the word is a possessive โ€“ itโ€™s just wrong!
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์ž„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:46
So that does kind of make my blood boil.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋“๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
Georgina: So when you say youโ€™re pretty
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Georgina: ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
00:50
chilled about it you mean โ€ฆ
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฝค ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ...
00:51
Rob: โ€ฆOK, Iโ€™m not chilled at all. But maybe
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Rob: ...์ข‹์•„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”
00:54
I wish I was.
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.
00:55
Georgina: Well, weโ€™re going to be taking a
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Georgina: ๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์˜
00:57
look at reactions to the use and abuse of
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:59
apostrophes in this programme, but first,
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ €
01:01
a question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
The word โ€˜apostropheโ€™ itself โ€“ which
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'์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์ž์ฒด๋Š” - ์–ด๋Š
01:05
language does it come from? Is it:
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์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:08
A: Latin, B: Greek, or C: Arabic
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A: ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด, B: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด, C: ์•„๋ž์–ด
01:12
What do you think, Rob?
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์–ด๋•Œ์š”, Rob?
01:14
Rob: I donโ€™t think itโ€™s Arabic, so itโ€™s a
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Rob: ์•„๋ž์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ
01:17
toss-up between Latin and Greek. Iโ€™m
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๋ผํ‹ด์–ด์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ž์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
01:19
going to say Greek.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Georgina: OK. Weโ€™ll see if youโ€™re correct at
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์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜: ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:23
the end of the programme. The
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01:24
apostrophe, it is true to say, is often
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์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ์ข…์ข…
01:27
misused. Itโ€™s put where it shouldnโ€™t be and
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์˜ค์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ณณ์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ
01:30
not used where it should be. Is it
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ํ•  ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
important, though? Does it matter? After
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€?
01:34
all, in spoken English there is no
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:37
difference between โ€˜itโ€™sโ€™ with
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'it's'
01:38
an apostrophe and โ€˜itsโ€™ without. โ€˜Yourโ€™
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์™€ ์—†๋Š” 'its' ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'Your'
01:42
and โ€˜youโ€™reโ€™ โ€“ short for โ€˜you areโ€™
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์™€ 'you're' โ€“ 'you are'์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์€
01:44
sound the same. So whatโ€™s the problem in
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”
01:46
written English?
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?
01:47
Rob: In many cases there isnโ€™t a problem
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Rob: ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:49
at all. There would be very little confusion.
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. ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
But, I donโ€™t think that means we should
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:54
just ignore the correct way to use them.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Sometimes it can be very important to
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
01:59
make clear if itโ€™s a singular or plural or
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ธ์ง€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ธ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š”
02:02
possessive. Another important thing to
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์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ์ธ์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
02:04
remember is that in CVs and job
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์ด๋ ฅ์„œ์™€ ๊ตฌ์ง ์ง€์›์„œ์—์„œ
02:06
applications a good standard
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02:08
of spelling and punctuation is expected.
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์ฒ ์ž์™€ ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
Get it wrong and you could miss out on a
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์ž˜๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:13
good opportunity.
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.
02:15
Georgina: There is one group that has
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Georgina:
02:16
tried for nearly 20 years to keep others to
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:19
these high standards - The Apostrophe
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด ์˜จ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. The Apostrophe
02:21
Protection Society. They have publicly
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Protection Society์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
02:24
pointed out incorrect use in public signs
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๊ณต๊ณต ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ ๋ฐ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์—์„œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
02:26
and communications โ€“ a tactic
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02:28
that has not always been welcome or
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ™˜์˜๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:30
successful. But like the apostrophe itself
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ „์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์ž์ฒด์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
02:33
the group is in danger. Hereโ€™s a BBC news
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๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€
02:35
report on the subject.
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์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ BBC ๋‰ด์Šค ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Duncan Kennedy: They linger above our letters,
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Duncan Kennedy: ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธ€์ž ์œ„์— ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:40
they wander around the endings of our
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์–ด๋ฏธ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€
02:43
words, but apostrophes it seems are an
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๋งŒ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š”
02:46
endangered species. The Apostrophe
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๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ข…์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ
02:49
Protection Society โ€“ yes there really is
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๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ˜‘ํšŒ(Apostrophe Protection Society) โ€“ ๋„ค, ์ •๋ง
02:52
one โ€“ says their future is, well, up in the air.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Georgina: How does he describe
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Georgina: ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋‚˜์š”
02:57
apostrophes?
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?
02:58
Rob: Using metaphorical, poetic language.
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Rob: ์€์œ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
He says they linger above our letters. To
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŽธ์ง€ ์œ„์— ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. To
03:04
linger is a verb usually used to describe
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linger๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:06
someone or something staying somewhere
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
03:08
before finally leaving.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Georgina: So we have apostrophes
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Georgina: ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
03:12
lingering above our letters and also he
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๊ธ€์ž ์œ„์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:14
said they wander around the end of the words.
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๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹Œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:17
Rob: Yes, also a metaphorical use. To
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Rob: ๋„ค, ์€์œ ์  ์šฉ๋„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉํ™ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:20
wander means to walk slowly around
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03:22
without any real purpose or urgency.
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธ‰๋ฐ•ํ•จ ์—†์ด ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Georgina: And he went
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Georgina: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ
03:26
on to say that the future of the
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์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€
03:27
apostrophe is up in the air. When
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๊ณต์ค‘์— ๋–  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
something is up in the air, it
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณต์ค‘์— ๋–  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:31
means its future is not certain, itโ€™s not
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:34
guaranteed. So if, for example, your
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
03:36
holiday plans are up in the air, it means that
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ํœด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:39
there is some kind of problem and you might not
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:41
be going on holiday after all. The person
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
who founded The Apostrophe Protection
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The Apostrophe Protection Society๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
03:45
Society is John Edwards. Now 96 years
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John Edwards์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ 96
03:48
old, he has decided to give it up. Partly
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์„ธ์ธ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
03:51
because of his age, but also because he
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:53
thinks that due to the impact of texting
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๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€
03:56
and social media he has lost the battle
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์™€ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ
03:58
against bad punctuation. So why has it
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์—์„œ ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์™œ
04:01
come to this? Here he is explaining
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š”
04:03
why he thinks people arenโ€™t bothered
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋‘์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:05
about using correct punctuation.
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.
04:08
John Edwards: I think itโ€™s a mixture of
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์กด ์—๋“œ์›Œ์ฆˆ:
04:10
ignorance and laziness. Theyโ€™re too
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๋ฌด์ง€์™€ ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฆ„์ด ์„ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
04:12
ignorant to know where it goes, theyโ€™re
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:14
too lazy to learn so they just donโ€™t bother.
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฒŒ์„๋Ÿฌ์„œ ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
The barbarians have won.
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์•ผ๋งŒ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Georgina: So whatโ€™s his reason?
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์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜: ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์ฃ ?
04:21
Rob: He blames ignorance and laziness.
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Rob: ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ง€์™€ ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฆ„์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Ignorance is a lack of knowledge or
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๋ฌด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:26
understanding of something. So people
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:28
donโ€™t know the rules and are too lazy to
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๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฒŒ์„๋Ÿฌ์„œ
04:30
learn them, according to Edwards.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  Edwards๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
Georgina: Quite strong views there!
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Georgina: ๊ฝค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:34
Rob: Yes, and you thought I was a pedant!
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Rob: ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ˜„ํ•™์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:36
He actually goes further to say that the
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€
04:39
barbarians have won. Barbarian is a
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์•ผ๋งŒ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ผ๋งŒ์ธ์€ ์†Œ์œ„ ๋ฌธ๋ช… ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
04:41
historical word for people
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:43
who werenโ€™t part of so-called civilized
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04:45
society. They were seen as violent and
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ 
04:48
aggressive, primitive and uncivilized.
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๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์›์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ฐœํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
Georgina: So itโ€™s not a compliment then?
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์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์นญ์ฐฌ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ?
04:52
Rob: Oh no!
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๋กญ: ์˜ค ์•ˆ๋ผ!
04:53
Georgina: Right, before we review todayโ€™s
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Georgina: ๋„ค, ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
04:55
vocabulary, letโ€™s have the answer to
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04:57
todayโ€™s quiz. Which language does the
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:00
word 'apostrophe' come from? What did you say?
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'์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
05:02
Rob: I went for Greek
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Rob: ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ Georgina๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:04
Georgina: Congratulations to you and
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: ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ
05:06
anyone else who got that right. Greek is
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งžํžŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๊ฐ€
05:08
the right answer. Now letโ€™s remind
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์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
05:10
ourselves of todayโ€™s vocabulary. First,
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €
05:13
whatโ€™s a 'pedant', Rob?
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'pedant'๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, Rob?
05:15
Rob: A 'pedant' is someone who corrects
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Rob: 'pedant'๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์—์„œ
05:17
other peopleโ€™s small mistakes โ€“
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:19
particularly in grammar and punctuation
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05:22
โ€“ but itโ€™s not the same
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05:23
as an English teacher! A pedant will
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์˜์–ด ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! pedant๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:26
correct native speakersโ€™ mistakes too and
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:28
not in the classroom.
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.
05:30
Georgina: 'To linger' means to stay
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Georgina: '๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋‹ค'๋Š” ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
somewhere for longer
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05:32
Rob: 'To wander' is to walk around without
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Rob: '๋ฐฉํ™ฉํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๋นจ๋ฆฌ
05:34
a real purpose or intention to get
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๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋„ ์—†์ด ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:36
somewhere quickly.
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.
05:37
Georgina: If your plans are 'up in the air', it
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Georgina: ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์ด '๊ณต์ค‘'์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
05:39
means they are at risk and might not
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
happen
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05:41
Rob: 'Ignorance' is the state of not
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Rob: '๋ฌด์ง€'๋Š” ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
knowing something that should be known
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05:45
Georgina: And finally a 'barbarian' is a
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Georgina: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์•ผ๋งŒ์ธ'์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
word for a primitive and uncivilized
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์›์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ฐœํ•œ
05:49
person. Right, we canโ€™t linger in this studio
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด. ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 6๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค ๋˜์–ด์„œ ์ด ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์— ๋จธ๋ญ‡๊ฑฐ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค
05:52
as our six minutes are up. You can find
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.
05:55
more from us about punctuation
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05:57
and many other aspects of English online,
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ,
06:00
on social media and on the BBC Learning
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋ฐ BBC Learning
06:02
English app. Bye for now.
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English ์•ฑ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋‘์  ๋ฐ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
06:04
Rob: Bye!
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๋กญ: ์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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