BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Food and Drink 3' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

279,850 views ใƒป 2023-08-13

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:05
Hello, I'm Catherine.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
Welcome to Six Minute English
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Six Minute English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
where we engage in some lively debate
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ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ
00:11
and discuss six stimulating
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž๊ทน์ ์ธ
00:13
items of vocabulary!
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์–ดํœ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:15
And let's start.
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00:15
Here's your cup of coffee, Rob.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ปคํ”ผ ํ•œ ์ž”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Rob.
00:17
Thanks! But what took you so long, Catherine?
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”! ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด, ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ?
00:21
Sorry Rob. I bumped into somebody
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋กญ. ๋‚˜๋Š”
00:22
I knew in the cafe and stopped
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์นดํŽ˜์—์„œ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
00:24
for a chat. OK, well, that fits well
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์ˆ˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋–จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉˆ์ท„๋‹ค. ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
00:26
with today's show where we're talking
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:27
about cafes or coffee houses.
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์นดํŽ˜๋‚˜ ์ปคํ”ผ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์‡ผ์™€ ์ž˜ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Did you know, Catherine, that coffee
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์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ, ์ปคํ”ผ
00:32
houses were originally a meeting place
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ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์›๋ž˜
00:34
for lively debate and
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ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ
00:36
intellectual discussion?
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์ง€์  ํ† ๋ก ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:37
Really. I didn't know that, Rob.
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์ •๋ง. ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”, ๋กญ.
00:39
A debate, by the way, means a
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋””๋ฒ ์ดํŠธ๋Š”
00:41
discussion that a lot of people
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
00:43
take part in.
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ๋ก ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
So how long ago was this debating society?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ํ† ๋ก  ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜€์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:47
The first coffee house was set up in
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ปคํ”ผ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค๋Š” 1650๋…„ ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ์— ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Oxford in 1650. But they quickly became
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
00:53
popular and soon they were all
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์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ „์—ญ์—๋„ ํผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:55
over London too.
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.
00:56
You paid a penny to get in, and this
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž…์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 1ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
00:58
included access to newspapers - and
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ณผ
01:01
stimulating conversation!
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์ž๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:02
If something is stimulating it
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž๊ทน์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
01:04
encourages ideas and enthusiasm.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์—ด์ •์„ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
I expect the coffee helped with
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
that a bit did it?
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01:10
It certainly helps me first thing
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•„์นจ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋„์›€์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:11
in the morning. Which brings me
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.
01:12
on to today's question, Rob!
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rob!
01:14
How many cups of coffee do we
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์˜
01:16
consume in coffee shops or stores
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์ปคํ”ผ์ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ์ž”์˜ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:19
in the UK every year?
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? ๊ทธ๊ฑด
01:21
Consume, by the way, is another
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์†Œ๋น„๋Š”
01:23
word for eat or drink.
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๋จน๋‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์‹œ๋‹ค์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
So, is the answer...
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๋‹ต์€...
01:26
a) 2.3 million, b) 23 million, or, c) 23 billion?
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a) 230๋งŒ, b) 2,300๋งŒ, ๋˜๋Š” c) 230์–ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:36
Oh I don't know but it's got to be a lot
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์•„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์„ํ…๋ฐ
01:38
so I'm going to go for c) 23 billion?
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c) 23์–ต?
01:41
That sounds like a lot of coffee, but I
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ปคํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
01:43
buy several cups a week - and I expect
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ๋ช‡ ์ž”์„ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:44
you do too, Catherine?
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, ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ?
01:46
I do indeed. But I have to say, while
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์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
01:48
I was getting our coffees earlier, there
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹ค ๋•Œ
01:50
was nobody else in the cafe talking
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์นดํŽ˜์—์„œ
01:52
except me and my friend.
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Everybody else was sitting on their
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
01:56
own, tapping away on their laptops.
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์•‰์•„ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Let's listen now to Douglas Fraser, BBC
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์ด์ œ BBC
02:01
Scotland's Business and Economy Editor,
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Scotland์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž Douglas Fraser๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์นดํŽ˜์˜
02:04
describing the vibe - or atmosphere - in
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๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
a typical 21st century cafe...
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02:11
Ten or so in the morning, the cafe has
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02:13
five people at tables with their backs
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02:15
to the wall, each staring into a screen, plugged
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, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์‘์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
02:18
in, ears plugged. The flow of bytes through
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๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
this coffee shop's free wifi is transporting
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์ด ์ปคํ”ผ์ˆ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ Wi-Fi๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์€
02:24
these customers to diverse destinations
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„
02:27
far from the person beside them.
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์˜† ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋กœ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
Collaborative working, a research grant
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๊ณต๋™ ์ž‘์—…, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ
02:32
application, a potential blockbuster novel, and
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์‹ ์ฒญ, ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ธ”๋ก๋ฒ„์Šคํ„ฐ ์†Œ์„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:35
inevitably, someone distracted by kitten pictures
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์ •์‹ ์ด ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
02:38
on social media. So the spirit of those 17th
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด 17
02:42
century coffee houses has disappeared then?
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์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ปคํ”ผ์ง‘์˜ ์ •์‹ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:44
No more lively debate and intellectual discussion?
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ์ง€์  ํ† ๋ก ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:47
It seems so Rob. As Douglas Fraser says, many
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋กญ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Douglas Fraser๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋งŽ์€
02:51
people sit alone plugged into their laptops - and
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ผ์ž ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์•‰์•„
02:54
they're all doing differentย things - working, writing,
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์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ ,
02:58
messing about on social media.
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ์žฅ๋‚œ์„ ์น˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
I think the cafe
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์นดํŽ˜
03:01
owners should turn off the free wifi and force
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์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์™€์ดํŒŒ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„๊ณ 
03:04
these cafe squatters to move on! I don't think
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์ด ์นดํŽ˜ ๋ฌด๋‹จ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ €๋Š”
03:07
people should be allowed to sit all day using
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ
03:09
the internet - hogging tables - and not talking
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ(ํƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋…์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ) ์•‰์•„์„œ
03:12
to anybody! Especially when some of them
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์•„๋ฌด์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
03:15
don't even buy a coffee!
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์ปคํ”ผ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ!
03:16
That's a bit extreme, Rob.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข€ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ด์•ผ, ๋กญ.
03:18
Cafe owners need customers - and they
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์นดํŽ˜ ์ฃผ์ธ์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
03:20
encourage people to stay by having comfy
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ
03:23
sofas and newspapers to read and the
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์†ŒํŒŒ์™€ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ,
03:25
free wifi! A squatter, by the way, is someone
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ Wi-Fi๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋„๋ก ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์Šค์ฟผํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€
03:28
who lives in an empty building without
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์•Š๊ณ  ๋นˆ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:30
paying rent.. And if you hog something you
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋…์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:34
use most or all of it in a selfish way.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
I suppose you're right, Catherine.
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๋„ค ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„, ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ.
03:39
Now, how about telling us the answer to
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๋งํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”
03:41
today's question then? I asked:
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? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค:
03:44
How many cups of coffee do we consume
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:46
in cafes or stores in the UK every year?
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๋งค๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์นดํŽ˜๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ์ž”์˜ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:49
Is it... a) 2.3 million b)ย 23 million or c) 23 billion?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... a) 230๋งŒ b) 2300๋งŒ ๋˜๋Š” c) 230์–ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:56
I could sit in a cafe and use their free wifi to
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์นดํŽ˜์— ์•‰์•„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์™€์ดํŒŒ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:58
research the answer but I had a guess and
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๋‹ต์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:01
said 23 billion. Well you didn't need that free
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230์–ต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„,
04:04
wifi Rob because you were absolutely right!
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ณ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ Wi-Fi Rob์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:08
23 billion coffees per year works out on
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 230์–ต ์ปคํ”ผ๋Š”
04:11
average as 45 cups per adult in the UK.
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์˜๊ตญ ์„ฑ์ธ 1์ธ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท  45์ž”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
OK, I think it's time we looked back at the
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์ž,
04:18
words we learned today. Our first word is
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
04:20
'debate' - a discussion that a lot of people
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'ํ† ๋ก '์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:23
take part in. For example, 'I took part in a
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '๋‚˜๋Š”
04:26
number of stimulating debates at school.'
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ† ๋ก ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:29
Number two - if something is 'stimulating', it
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ - ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด '์ž๊ทน์ '์ด๋ฉด
04:33
encourages new ideas and enthusiasm.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์—ด์ •์„ ๋ถ๋‹์•„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
For example, 'It's hard to have a stimulating
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 'ํ•ญ์ƒ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ž๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:38
conversation with someone who's looking at
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04:40
their phone all the time.' That's very true - let
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.' ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
me just slide my phone into my pocket... there!
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋„ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์ €๊ธฐ์š”!
04:47
Our next word is 'consume' - another word for
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ '์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค'
04:50
eating or drinking - butย it can also mean 'to use'.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ '์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
For example, 'My car consumes a lot of petrol.'
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '๋‚ด ์ฐจ๋Š” ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ๋ชจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:57
Or, 'How do I calculate myย car's fuel consumption?'
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๋˜๋Š” '๋‚ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์—ฐ๋น„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
05:01
So 'consumption' there is the noun. Number four
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์†Œ๋น„'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ฒˆ์€
05:05
is - 'vibe' - which means the mood or atmosphere
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'๋ฐ”์ด๋ธŒ(vibe)'๋กœ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:09
in a place. For example,ย 'Oxford is a city but it has
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 'Oxford๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ง€๋งŒ
05:13
a small-town vibe.'
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์†Œ๋„์‹œ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์”ฌ ํ’๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
05:15
I'm getting bad vibes from our
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05:17
next word - which is 'squatter' - that's someone
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05:20
who lives in an emptyย building without paying rent.
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๋นˆ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์›”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” 'squatter'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
The building is called aย 'squat' so for example, 'I
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๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ '์Šค์ฟผํŠธ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '์ €๋Š”
05:26
lived in a squat for twoย years.'
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2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์Šค์ฟผํŠธ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
05:28
Really? You squatted in a squat, Rob?
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์ •๋ง? ์Šค์ฟผํŠธ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ์ชผ๊ทธ๋ ค ์•‰์•˜์–ด์š”, ๋กญ?
05:31
No, it was just an example. I'm
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์˜€์–ด. ๋‚˜๋Š”
05:33
not a squatter.
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
You've neverย squatted?
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์Šค์ฟผํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
05:35
No I haven't.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
05:37
Look we're wasting time here! We need to move on
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ด! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:39
to our final word - hog.ย If you 'hog' something, you
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ๋ผ์ง€๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ 'ํ˜ธ๊ทธ'ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:42
use all or most of it in a selfish way.
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์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
For example, 'Rob! You've hogged the only
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '๋กญ! ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์œ ์ผํ•œ
05:48
comfy chair! That is so selfish!' I admit it,
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋…์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ด์•ผ!' ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค,
05:51
Catherine. I'm a chair hog. That's the noun.
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์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์ž ๋ผ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
OK, before we head off for another cup of
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ปคํ”ผ ํ•œ ์ž” ๋” ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
05:57
coffee please remember to check out our
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05:59
Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube pages.
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Facebook, Twitter ๋ฐ YouTube ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:01
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
06:02
Bye, bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
06:08
Hello, this is 6 Minute English and
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” 6๋ถ„์˜์–ด
06:10
I'm Catherine.
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์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
And I'm Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Sam, how do you feel about tipping?
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์ƒ˜, ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
06:15
Tipping? You mean giving
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ํŒ?
06:17
extra money to people in certain jobs for
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ํŠน์ • ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:20
doing their jobs?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:22
Well, I wouldnโ€™t put it quite
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:23
like that. But yes, itโ€™s giving money to waiters
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ˆ, ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ
06:26
and waitresses, hairdressers, taxi drivers - money
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์™€ ์›จ์ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ๋ฏธ์šฉ์‚ฌ, ํƒ์‹œ ์šด์ „์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ
06:30
that is more than the actualย bill.
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Itโ€™s a nightmare!
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์•…๋ชฝ์ด์•ผ!
06:34
I never know who to tip, how to tip, by cash or by
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ํ˜„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š”
06:38
card, how much to tip โ€“ is it 10, 12.5, 20 per
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์นด๋“œ๋กœ, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ โ€“ 10ํผ์„ผํŠธ, 12.5ํผ์„ผํŠธ, 20
06:42
cent or even if I should tip at all because in
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ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
06:45
some places a service charge is automatically
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์š”๊ธˆ์ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ
06:47
added to the bill.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŒ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ.
06:48
Yes, tipping is a really
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์˜ˆ, ํŒ์€
06:50
complicated issue which we will be looking
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
06:53
at in this programme. Butย to start with, a question.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ •๋ง ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ค€
06:57
What is the biggest tip that we know
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํŒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
07:00
somebody gave? Is itโ€ฆ A: $10,000, is itโ€ฆ
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? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ... A: $10,000, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด...
07:05
B: $250,000, or is itโ€ฆ C: $3,000,000? What do
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B: $250,000, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด... C: $3,000,000? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
07:14
you think, Sam?
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด, ์ƒ˜?
07:16
Iโ€™m going to go for $250,000.
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250,000์›์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
OK, weโ€™ll find out if youโ€™re right at the end of
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:22
the programme. Now, back to the topic of tipping
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. ์ด์ œ ํŒ,
07:25
and in particular, tipping people who work
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ํŠนํžˆ
07:27
in restaurants. William Beckett runs a number
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. William Beckett์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:31
of restaurants and he recently appeared on
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ
07:33
the BBC Food Programme. He was asked
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BBC Food Programme์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
07:36
about his view of tipping. Now as we hear
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ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
07:39
him, listen out for this information. In how
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด ์ •๋ณด์— ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:43
many cities does he say he currently has
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹๋‹น์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
07:47
restaurants?
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?
07:48
It is cultural,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
i.e. it differs from place to place. We have
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์ฆ‰, ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:53
restaurants in London, we have a restaurant
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‹๋‹น์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ์— ์‹๋‹น์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:56
in Manchester, weโ€™re also opening a restaurant
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07:58
in New York and those three cities have quite
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๋‰ด์š•์—๋„ ์‹๋‹น์„ ์—ด ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ๋ฐ ์ด ์„ธ ๋„์‹œ๋Š”
08:00
different attitudes to tipping. In London, the
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ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ๋Š”
08:06
norm is, itโ€™s there, itโ€™s on your bill. Thatโ€™s not
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ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
the norm, for example, in Manchester and itโ€™s
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ง์— ์‹๋‹น์„ ์—ด
08:11
not the norm in New York where weโ€™re going
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์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:13
to open a restaurant laterย this year.
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.
08:16
So, first, how
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๋จผ์ €,
08:18
many cities does he currently have
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋„์‹œ
08:20
restaurants in?
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์— ์‹๋‹น์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:21
That would be two. London and
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊ณผ
08:23
Manchester. Heโ€™s going to open one in New York
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๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ง์— ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์—ด ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์ง€๋งŒ
08:27
later in the year, but itโ€™s not open yet.
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์•„์ง ์—ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
And what does he say about tipping?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:32
Well, he says that it is very cultural.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
What isย the norm in one city is not
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ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด
08:37
necessarily the norm in another. 'The norm' is an
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'The norm'์€
08:41
expression that means, as you might guess,
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์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
08:44
'what is normal, what is usual'.
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'์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ, ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
08:46
So in London, for example, a service charge is usually added to
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์š”๊ธˆ์ด ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:51
the bill, but in Manchesterย it isnโ€™t. So the policy
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๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
08:55
in London and Manchester differs which means,
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊ณผ ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
again as you might guess, itโ€™s different.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
Thereโ€™s another short expressionย that he used that Iโ€™d like
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งง์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:04
to highlight.
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.
09:05
Before heย talks about how the policies
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์ •์ฑ…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
09:08
differ, he says 'i.e'. Theseย two letters stand for the
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๊ทธ๋Š” '์ฆ‰'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ธ€์ž๋Š”
09:12
Latin phrase 'id est'. Nowย we never say โ€˜id estโ€™ but
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๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ 'id est'๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'id est'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:18
we do write and say 'i.e'. We use it to show that
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'i.e'๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์“ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
09:22
what comes next is using different words to say
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๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:26
what we have just said orย written. So he says, about
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:30
tipping, 'itโ€™s cultural' i.e.ย it differs from place to place.
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'๋ฌธํ™”์ '์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์žฅ์†Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
โ€˜Itโ€™s culturalโ€™ is a moreย general statement and โ€˜it differs
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'๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ด๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด๊ณ  '
09:37
from place to placeโ€™ is aย more specific definition of
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์žฅ์†Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ •์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:40
what he means.
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.
09:42
So, one difference is that in some
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€
09:44
places people prefer anย automatic service charge so
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์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋„๋ก ์ž๋™ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:48
that they donโ€™t have to thinkย about or try to calculate
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09:51
a tip. But in other places,ย people hate that - they want
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
09:55
to decide who and how much to tip themselves. But
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ์„ ์ค„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
09:59
do people actually make use of that freedom not
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
10:02
to tip? Hereโ€™s William Becketย again and this he's time
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? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ William Becket์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
10:05
talking about New York.
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๋‰ด์š•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
New York exactly the same. Thereโ€™s a tacit pressure to tip.
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๋‰ด์š•์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
But theoretically you just stand up and walk out.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ผ์–ด ์„œ์„œ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
You donโ€™t, everybody tipsย 20% or, there is a theory
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ 20%์˜ ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ต์…˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:19
of an option. But peopleย like that.
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
10:22
So he says there is 'a tacit pressure to tip'.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” 'ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ์••๋ ฅ'์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
What does he mean by that?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ?
10:27
Something that isย 'tacit' is not spoken, not
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'์•”๋ฌต์ '์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:31
said, yet it is stillย understood. So in New York no one
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๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ๋Š”
10:35
tells you that you have to tip, but everyone knows
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ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:38
that you have to.
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.
10:39
And because there is no service
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:41
charge on the bill and no oneย tells you what to tip, you
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์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ์— ๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:44
could just walk out after paying. He says thatโ€™s
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๊ฒฐ์ œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:48
'theoretically possible'.ย That means although it may
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'์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:51
be possible, itโ€™s actuallyย very unlikely because of
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10:55
the tacit pressure and the way we behave.
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์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ์••๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
But he does say people like thatย freedom not to tip, even if
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
11:02
they donโ€™t actually useย that freedom.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ํŒ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
Right, nearly vocabulary time, but first,
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๋„ค, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—
11:07
letโ€™s have the answer to
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๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
11:09
our question. Now Sam, what is the biggest tip we
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. ์ด์ œ Sam, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํŒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
11:12
know someone gave?
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?
11:13
I thought $250,000.
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250๋งŒ์› ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:16
Well it was actually, believe it orย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ฏฟ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:19
not, a whopping $3,000,000.
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๋ง๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฌด๋ ค $3,000,000์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
Yes! Now, on with todayโ€™sย vocabulary review.
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์˜ˆ! ์ด์ œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ณต์Šต์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
So weโ€™ve been talking about tipping,ย the practice of giving extra
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์›จ์ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์™€ ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰์ธ ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:31
money to, for example, waitresses and waiters.
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.
11:35
'To differ from' is a verb which means
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'๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค'๋Š”
11:38
'to be different from'.
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'๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
'The norm' is what is usual or normal.
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'ํ‘œ์ค€'์€ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
'i.e.' is a short form of a Latin expression and
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'์ฆ‰.' ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์งง์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ
11:47
it means โ€˜in other wordsโ€™.
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'๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
Something that is 'tacit' is not said but is
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'์•”๋ฌต์ '์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
11:52
nevertheless understood.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค.
11:55
And if something is 'theoretically possible' it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด '์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
11:58
can be done, but for different reasons, it
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ
12:00
probably wonโ€™t be. And that is where we must
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:03
leave it today.
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.
12:04
Goodbye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
12:05
Bye everyone!
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ˆ๋…•!
12:12
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:14
BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
And Iโ€™m Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
Fancy a game of โ€˜food connectionsโ€™, Rob?
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'์Œ์‹ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ' ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, Rob?
12:20
So Iโ€™ll name a place and you say the first
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žฅ์†Œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ €
12:23
food that comes to mind. Ready?
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๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
12:25
Yeah, sure, letโ€™s go! Italy.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ฐ€์ž! ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„.
12:28
Ermโ€ฆโ€™pizzaโ€™ โ€“ or โ€˜lasagneโ€™. New York?
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์Œ...'ํ”ผ์ž' ๋˜๋Š” '๋ผ์ž๋ƒ'. ๋‰ด์š•?
12:32
โ€˜Hot dogsโ€™, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  'ํ•ซ๋„๊ทธ'.
12:33
Or maybe โ€˜bagelsโ€™. Now how aboutโ€ฆ
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด '๋ฒ ์ด๊ธ€'์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
12:37
Cornwall from the UK?
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ฝ˜์›”์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:39
If itโ€™s Cornwall, it must be the famous โ€˜Cornish pastyโ€™, right?
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์ฝ˜์›”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ '์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์‰ฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ'๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
12:44
Thatโ€™s right! Cornwall, the region which
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์ข‹์•„์š”!
12:46
forms the south-western tip of Britain, is as
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋‚จ์„œ์ชฝ ๋์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ธ ์ฝ˜์›”์€
12:49
famous for its pasties as New York is for
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๋‰ด์š•์ด ํ•ซ๋„๊ทธ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋“ฏ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:52
hot dogs. In this programme weโ€™ll be finding
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. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:54
out all about Cornish pasties. Weโ€™ll hear how
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Cornish ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
itโ€™s gone from humble beginnings to become
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๋ณด์ž˜ ๊ฒƒ ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘์—์„œ
13:00
a symbol of Cornish identity and spread around
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์ฝ˜์›”์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ „
13:03
the world to Jamaica, Argentina and Brazil.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด, ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
But what exactly is a pasty, Neil?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋‹?
13:10
Somewhere between a pie and a
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ํŒŒ์ด์™€ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜ ์‚ฌ์ด ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์š”
13:12
sandwich, right? A piece of pastry which is
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? ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
13:14
turned over and crimped along the side to make
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๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜†๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ 
13:17
two cornersโ€ฆ
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...
13:19
and filled with different ingredients -
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ - ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜
13:21
which brings me to my quiz
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:22
question for today, Rob.
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, Rob. ์ •ํ†ต Cornish ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ
13:24
What is the traditional filling in an
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์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ถฉ์ „๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
13:26
authentic Cornish pasty?
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?
13:28
Is it: a) Chicken, avocado and brie?
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a) ์น˜ํ‚จ, ์•„๋ณด์นด๋„, ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ?
13:32
b) Beef, potato and turnip? Or
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b) ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ์ž, ์ˆœ๋ฌด? ๋˜๋Š”
13:35
c) Pork, onion and chorizo?
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c) ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ์–‘ํŒŒ, ์ดˆ๋ฆฌ์กฐ?
13:39
Well, chorizo is Spanish isnโ€™t it?
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ดˆ๋ฆฌ์†Œ๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด์ฃ ?
13:42
And avocado with brie doesnโ€™t sound
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๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ๋“ค์ธ ์•„๋ณด์นด๋„๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ˜์›”์–ด๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
13:44
traditionally Cornish, so Iโ€™ll say
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13:46
b) beef, potato and turnip.
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b) ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ์ž, ์ˆœ๋ฌด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
OK, Rob. Weโ€™ll find out later if you were right.
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์ข‹์•„, ๋กญ. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
Whatโ€™s for sure is that the Cornish pasty
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
13:54
has had a long history as BBC Radio 4โ€™s
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BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜
13:57
The Food Programme discovered.
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The Food Program์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ Cornish pasty๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
They spoke to Dr Polly Russell, a public
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์ƒํ™œ ํ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ ๋Ÿฌ์…€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:02
life curator at the British Library.
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.
14:04
Here she is reading from one of the
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 17์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์˜
14:06
earliest mentions of pasties from the
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ํŒจ์Šคํ‹ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:09
late 17th century: Thereโ€™s a lovely bit
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.
14:12
here where heโ€™s describing what a
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
14:15
housewife in Hertfordshire does and
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Hertfordshire์˜ ์ฃผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:19
heโ€™s talking about her way to make pork
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๋ผ์ง€๊ณ ๊ธฐ ํŒŒ์ด์™€ ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ ๊ธฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:21
pies and pork pasties: pies may be made
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. ํŒŒ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ’€
14:25
and baked either raised in paste earthen
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ํ™
14:28
pans or in pewter dishes or in the shape
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ํŒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ž ์ ‘์‹œ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
14:30
of a turnover, two-cornered pasties.
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ํšŒ์ „์œจ, ์–‘๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—
14:33
So thatโ€™s a very early reference to a pasty
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
14:36
in the shape, I think, that we know it but
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:38
also being made specifically for labourers - to
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๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
be feeding labourers on a farm at harvest time.
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์ˆ˜ํ™•๊ธฐ์— ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
So the earliest pasties were made in pewter
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์€ ๋ฐฑ๋ž
14:48
dishes โ€“ a traditional cooking plate made of
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์ ‘์‹œ, ์ฆ‰
14:51
a silver-coloured metal called โ€˜pewterโ€™.
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'๋ฐฑ๋ž'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์€์ƒ‰ ๊ธˆ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์š”๋ฆฌ ์ ‘์‹œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
And they were eaten by agricultural labourers โ€“
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐญ์—์„œ ๋ฒ ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜ํ™•๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์œก์ฒด ๋…ธ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†์—… ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋จนํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:57
workers doing physical farm work during
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14:59
harvest time โ€“ the weeks in autumn when
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15:02
crops like wheat are cut and collected from the fields.
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.
15:05
But it wasnโ€™tย only farmers and labourers
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†๋ถ€์™€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:08
who ate pasties. As well as its farms and
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. ๋†์žฅ๊ณผ ์–ด์—…๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:11
fishing, Cornwall was famous for tin mines, as
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์ฝ˜์›”์€ ์ฃผ์„ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์œ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
Ruth Huxley of the Cornish Pasty Association explains:
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Cornish Pasty Association์˜ Ruth Huxley๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
Pasties would have been eaten by lots
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15:20
of people who went to work but it just worked
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15:21
perfectly down mines, and Cornwall became the
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15:24
world capital of mining. And so lots of pasties
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๊ด‘์—…์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋„. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
15:27
were made, lots of pasties were eaten and then
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๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์€ ๋‹ค์Œ
15:29
that mining community went all over the world
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๊ด‘์‚ฐ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
15:31
and took the pasty with them.
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ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
Pasties were eaten by hungry workers
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ํŒŒ์ด๋Š” ๊ด‘์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆฐ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:36
involvedย in the mining industry -
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.
15:37
digging up materials such as coal or metals like
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์„ํƒ„์ด๋‚˜
15:40
gold, or in Cornwall tin, from the ground.
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๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธˆ์† ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜์›” ์ฃผ์„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋•…์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
So far weโ€™ve been talking about Cornwall.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฝ˜์›”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
But you said the Cornish pasty has spread
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์‹œ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ํผ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ž–์•„์š”
15:49
around the world, Neil. How did that happen?
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, ๋‹. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:52
Well, thatโ€™s connected to the tin miners we just
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ฃผ์„ ๊ด‘๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:54
talked about. Hereโ€™s Polly Russell again:
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. ๋‹ค์‹œ Polly Russell์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
This is replicated, not just in Mexico but
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
16:01
with migrants moving to America, to Minnesota, to
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€,
16:04
Canada, to Australia. So anyone who travels to
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณต์ œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
16:07
many of those places now will see foods which
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„
16:10
are incredibly reminiscent and familiar and just
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์ •๋„๋กœ ์—ฐ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
16:14
like Cornish pasties.
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Cornish ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
In the 19th century, many
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋งŽ์€
16:17
Cornish tin miners emigrated, moving abroad to
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์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์‹œ ์ฃผ์„ ๊ด‘๋ถ€๋“ค์ด
16:20
start a better life. Their pasty recipes were
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์€
16:23
replicated โ€“ or copied exactly, in the new places
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16:26
where they landed, from America to Australia.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋ฅ™ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์†Œ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
And thatโ€™s why in many places around the world
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
16:31
you can find food which isย reminiscent of pasties โ€“
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ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
meaning it reminds you ofย something similar, in this
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์ฆ‰, ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
16:37
case the original Cornishย pasty with its traditional
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์†์„ ์ฑ„์šด ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„ ์ฝ˜์›”์‹ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ
16:40
filling of, er, what was yourย quiz question again, Neil?
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, ์–ด, ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”, Neil ?
16:43
Ah, yes. I asked you what the traditional Cornish
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์•„ ์˜ˆ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ Cornish
16:46
pasty filling was. Youย saidโ€ฆ
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ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ ํ•„๋ง์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€...
16:48
I said b) beef, potato and turnip.
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๋‚˜๋Š” b) ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ์ž, ์ˆœ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
And you were right! โ€˜Keslowenaโ€™,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! 'Keslowena',
16:54
Rob โ€“ thatโ€™s Cornish for โ€˜congratulationsโ€™!
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Rob โ€“ '์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์˜ ์ฝ˜์›”์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
16:56
โ€˜Heb grevโ€™, Neil โ€“ thatโ€™sย โ€˜no problemโ€™!
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'Heb grev', Neil โ€“ '๋ฌธ์ œ์—†์–ด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
17:01
In fact those other fillings โ€“ chorizo,ย avocado and brie -
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋ฆฌ์กฐ, ์•„๋ณด์นด๋„, ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†์€ ๋งค๋…„ ๋ด„ ์ฝ˜์›”
17:04
really did feature in pasties entered for this yearโ€™s
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17:07
Annual World Pasty Championships, held in
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์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์‹ญ(Annual World Pasty Championships)์— ์ถœํ’ˆ๋œ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:09
Cornwall every spring. Other pasty-inspired ideas
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. ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ๋Š”
17:13
include Argentinianย chimichurri empanadas and spicy
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์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฏธ์ถ”๋ฆฌ ์— ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋‹ค์™€ ๋งค์ฝคํ•œ
17:16
Jamaican patties.
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์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด ํŒจํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
So the pastyย is still going strong, both
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
17:21
in Cornwall and around the world.
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์ฝ˜์›”๊ณผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
Today weโ€™ve been discussingย Cornish pasties โ€“ a kind
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:26
of filled pastry from theย south-west of England, originally
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์˜๊ตญ ๋‚จ์„œ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์†์„ ์ฑ„์šด ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์›๋ž˜
17:29
made in pewter dishes โ€“ aย silver-coloured metal dish.
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๋ฐฑ๋ž ์ ‘์‹œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์€์ƒ‰ ๊ธˆ์† ์ ‘์‹œ์ธ ์ฝ˜์›”์‹ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
Pasties were eaten byย agricultural labourers โ€“ farm
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ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†์—… ๋…ธ๋™์ž(
17:37
workers bringing in the autumn harvest โ€“ the time
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๊ฐ€์„ ์ˆ˜ํ™•์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๋†์žฅ ๋…ธ๋™์ž),
17:39
when crops are cut andย collected from the fields, and
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๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์ž๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋“คํŒ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„,
17:42
also by workers in the tinย mining industry โ€“ digging up
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์„ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋…ธ๋™์ž(
17:46
metals like tin fromย underground.
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์ง€ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ฃผ์„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ์บ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„)๊ฐ€ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
Later, when these miners emigrated to new lands, pasties were
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ด ๊ด‘๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด
17:52
replicated โ€“ cooked again in the same way.
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๋ณต์ œ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
In fact Cornish miners moved to so many new
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ Cornish ๊ด‘๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ
17:58
countries that today, almost every corner of the
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์›๋ž˜ Cornish ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ
18:01
world has food reminiscent of โ€“ or reminding you
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์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:04
of, the original Cornishย pasty.
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.
18:06
Thatโ€™s all for today. Join us again soon for more
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ.
18:09
topical discussion and vocabulary on 6 Minute English.
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6 Minute English์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
18:12
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
18:13
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
18:19
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:22
BBC Learning English. I'm Sam.
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. ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:24
And I'm Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
Rob, would you describe yourself as a wine connoisseur?
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Rob, ์ž์‹ ์„ ์™€์ธ ๊ฐ์ •๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:29
If you mean am I someone who enjoys wine and
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™€์ธ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์™€์ธ์—
18:32
knows a lot about it, then no - although the enjoy
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
18:36
part is true - particularly a nice glass of red.
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ ˆ๋“œ ์™€์ธ ํ•œ ์ž”์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
Of course, wine might not be everybody's cup of
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์™€์ธ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
18:43
tea - not something they like - but wine has been
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์™€์ธ์€
18:46
an important part of history and language.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
And even if you don't drink alcohol, wine can be
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ์™€์ธ์„
18:52
used as a commodity you can invest in and sell at an auction.
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ํˆฌ์žํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๋‚ด๋‹ค ํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
And that brings me on to my quiz
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:58
question, Rob. In 2018, a bottle of wine dating
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, Rob. 2018๋…„
19:02
back to 1774 sold at auction in eastern France
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋™๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์—์„œ 1774๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์™€์ธ ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์ด
19:06
for a record-breaking price.
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๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ํŒ”๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
Do you know how much it was sold for?
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์–ผ๋งˆ์— ํŒ”๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
19:12
Was it... a) $20,800 b) $120,800 or c) $220,800?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... a) $20,800 b) $120,800 ๋˜๋Š” c) $220,800์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:24
I know wine can fetch aย high price - but not as high
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์™€์ธ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ํŒ”๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
19:27
as some of those options, so I'll say a) $20,800.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜ต์…˜๋งŒํผ ๋†’์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ a) $20,800๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:32
I'll reveal the answer laterย on. But let's talk more
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
19:36
about wine now. A glass of the stuff can be sipped
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์ด์ œ ์™€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ํ•œ ์ž”์„ ํ™€์ง์ด๊ณ 
19:39
and savoured or just glugged.
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์Œ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:42
Glug is a good word, meaning drink in large gulps or
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Glug๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ, ๊ฟ€๊บฝ ๊ฟ€๊บฝ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ์ž… ๊ฐ€๋“ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
mouthfuls - not something a wine expert would do. For some
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์™€์ธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค
19:51
people, drinking and serving wine is almost an art form.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์™€์ธ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์„œ๋น™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
If you go toย a restaurant, there might
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
19:56
be a sommelier - a person whose job is to serve
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์†Œ๋ฏˆ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋ฏˆ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฐ€
19:59
and give advice about wine. They may have had
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์™€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋น™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
20:03
years of training to learnย about the different types
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•
20:05
of wine and the individualย flavours or aromas, known as notes.
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์˜ ์™€์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธํŠธ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ง› ๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋กœ๋งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:11
This job has fascinated journalist and
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์ด ์ง์—…์€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์ด์ž
20:14
author Bianca Bosker. She wrote a book called 'Cork Dorks'.
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์ž‘๊ฐ€์ธ Bianca Bosker๋ฅผ ๋งค๋ฃŒ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 'Cork Dorks'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:18
And here she is talking on the BBC
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC
20:20
World Service programme The Why Factor
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World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ The Why Factor์—์„œ
20:23
describing her fascination with sommeliers.
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์†Œ๋ฏˆ๋ฆฌ์—์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:26
These were people who had taken wine, which
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์™€์ธ์„ ๋งˆ์…จ๊ณ ,
20:30
I always thought of as aย thing of pleasure, something
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
20:32
you turn to after a longย stressful day, and turned it into
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธด ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํ›„ ์™€์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ
20:36
something approaching sheer God-awful pain. They
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์‹ ์˜ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
20:40
licked rocks, trained theirย palates, they divorced their
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๋ฐ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ฅ๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ,
20:44
spouses to spend more timeย reviewing flash cards - they
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ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์™€ ์ดํ˜ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
20:47
had hired voice coaches andย memory coaches, they took
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์Œ์„ฑ ์ฝ”์น˜์™€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ฝ”์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์‹๋‹น ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ
20:50
dance classes to learn how toย move more gracefully across
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์—์„œ ๋” ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ„์Šค ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:53
the dining room floor.
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.
20:55
Likeย me, Bianca thought drinking
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๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ Bianca๋Š”
20:57
wine was a pleasurable activityย - something that helped
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์™€์ธ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ™œ๋™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:00
her relax after a long stressfulย day. So she was surprised
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธด ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํ›„ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
21:05
at how sommeliers turnedย this activity into 'something
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์†Œ๋ฏˆ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ '์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ
21:08
approaching 'sheer God-awfulย pain'.
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต'์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:12
The word 'sheer' is used to emphasise the amount
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'sheer'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
21:14
of something - or to mean 'nothing but'.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ '์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:18
Sheย thought the work of a sommelier
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฏˆ๋ฆฌ์—์˜ ์ผ์ด
21:19
was nothing but pain - theyย seemed
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๊ณ ํ†ต์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
21:22
to dedicate their life to wine!
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์™€์ธ์— ํ‰์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
21:24
One thing a sommelier does is train their
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์†Œ๋ฏˆ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:27
palate - this is their abilityย to distinguish and appreciate
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ง›์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ทจํ–ฅ
21:31
different tastes and identifyย types of good wine from
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์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์™€์ธ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:35
their taste. I guess this isย quite important.
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:38
But divorcing their spouses does sound aย bit extreme!
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์™€ ์ดํ˜ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:43
I'm afraid I wouldn't take it so seriously -ย 
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์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:45
I'll stick to drinking poorer
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21:47
quality, cheap red wine - sometimes called plonk!
458
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ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ์ ํฌ๋„์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋งˆ์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:51
WeIl, Rob, cheap wine doesn't always have to be
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋กญ, ์‹ธ๊ตฌ๋ ค ์™€์ธ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ
21:54
poor quality. Interestingly,ย there is some evidence
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ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์–ด. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„
21:58
that shows we only thinkย wine tastes better because
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์™€์ธ์ด ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง›์ด ๋” ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:02
it's more expensive.
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.
22:03
Ahย yes, this is research Hilke
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์˜ˆ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
22:06
Plassmann from INSEAD Business School in France
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค INSEAD ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์Šค์ฟจ์˜ Hilke Plassmann์ด
22:09
spoke about on the BBC World Service's Why Factor
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BBC World Service์˜ Why Factor ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:12
programme. She's been looking into what influences consumer behaviour.
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:17
Theย price tag affects that region
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ‘œ๋Š”
22:20
in your brain that encodesย your liking of the taste, so in
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๋ง›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ์˜์—ญ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰
22:24
other words, you not onlyย think that you like the more
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, ๋”
22:26
expensive wine more, you feelย you like the more expensive
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๋น„์‹ผ ์™€์ธ์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋” ๋น„์‹ผ ์™€์ธ์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:30
wine more, because your brainย region that encodes this
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์ด
22:32
feeling is influenced by the priceย  tag.
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๋Š๋‚Œ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ‘œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:35
So, our brain is possibly playing tricks on us.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์†์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™€์ธ
22:39
When weย see the price tag on a bottle of
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ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
22:41
wine, our brain encodes theย information and tells us how it
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง›์ด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:45
should taste. Encodes meansย changes the information into
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. ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:50
something that we can useย or understand. Drinking more
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. ๋”
22:54
expensive wine makes you thinkย it tastes better. So perhaps,
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๋น„์‹ผ ์™€์ธ์„ ๋งˆ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ง›์ด ๋” ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
22:58
when buying supermarket wineย or wine in a restaurant,
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์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์™€์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ์™€์ธ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ๋•Œ
23:02
it may be better telling yourself that the cheaper
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๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:04
option is OK!
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!
23:06
I'll drink to that! But I wonder how
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค! ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ๋งค
23:09
that most expensive bottle of wine ever sold at
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์—์„œ ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„์‹ผ ์™€์ธ ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์˜
23:12
auction tastes? The one dating back to 1774
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๋ง›์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:16
that you asked me about.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋˜ 1774๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
So you thought it sold
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
23:19
for $20,800, but sorry, Rob, that's too cheap.
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$20,800์— ํŒ”๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Rob, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ธ๋„ค์š”.
23:24
It was in fact sold for $120,800. I assume it wasn't drunk.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ $120,800์— ํŒ๋งค๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
23:31
I hope not.ย Well, I think I'll stick to my
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ํฌ๋ง. ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ํ”Œ๋ก ์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„
23:34
plonk for now, Sam. Plonkย was one of our vocabulary
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, ์ƒ˜. Plonk๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
23:38
words today and describesย cheap, poor quality wine.
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์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์™€์ธ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:42
We also mentioned a connoisseur - someone who
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •๊ฐ€(
23:45
enjoys a particular thingย and knows a lot about it.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:48
A sommelier is someone who serves and gives advice
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์†Œ๋ฏˆ๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์—์„œ ์™€์ธ์„ ์„œ๋น™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:51
about wine in a restaurant.
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.
23:53
Sheer is a word used to emphasise the amount of
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Sheer๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
23:57
something - or to mean 'nothing but'.
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'์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:00
A palateย describes someone's ability
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๋ฏธ๊ฐ์€
24:02
to distinguish and appreciate different tastes.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง›์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:05
Finally, encodes means changes information into
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
24:09
something we can use or understand. But now we're
501
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ
24:13
out of time so 'cheers'ย everyone.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ '๊ฑด๋ฐฐ'ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
24:15
Thanks forย listening and goodbye,
503
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๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:17
Goodbye.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”.
24:23
Hello. This isย  6 Minute English from
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:25
BBC Learning English. I'mย Sam.
506
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. ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:28
And I'm Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:29
So we're well into 2020 now - how are
508
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2020๋…„์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:32
your New Year's resolutions going, Rob?
509
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์ƒˆํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”, Rob?
24:34
Ah resolutions - you mean promises people
510
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์•„ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ - ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:37
make to themselves to stop or start doing
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24:40
something - I promised to start running, and
512
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
24:42
to stop eating biscuits and to give up alcohol
513
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๋น„์Šคํ‚ท์„ ๋Š๊ณ 
24:45
for a month. But I failed on all of them!
514
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
24:48
Oh dear...
515
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์˜ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ...
24:49
Yes, I lasted a few days and then
516
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๋„ค, ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
24:51
I started to crumble.
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๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
Yeah.ย Well, you're not alone.
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์‘. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด
24:54
Many people try to kick bad habits and get healthy
519
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์œ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:58
when a new year begins. Their intentions - their
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋„, ์ฆ‰
25:00
plans to do something - are good.
521
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:03
Yes, giving up drinking is particularlyย good to do,
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์˜ˆ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:06
if only for the health benefits.
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.
25:08
Well, we'll be talking more about
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์Œ,
25:10
that as soon as I've set up today's question.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:13
According to historians, which people were thought
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
25:16
to be the first group toย make New Year's resolutions?
527
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์ƒˆํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์„ ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:19
Was it the... a) Romans, b) Native Americans, or,
528
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... a) ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ, b) ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ, ๋˜๋Š”
25:25
c) Babylonians.
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c) ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:26
I haven't got a clue, so I'm going to guess a) the Romans.
530
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์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. a) ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ.
25:31
OK, Rob, I'll let you know if that
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋กญ,
25:33
was a good guess at the end of the programme.
532
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์ถ”์ธก์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„๊ฒŒ.
25:35
Now let's talk more about giving things up for
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์ด์ œ ์ƒˆํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
25:38
New Year and, specifically, giving up alcohol.
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.
25:41
It's a time often calledย 'Dry January' - dry refers
535
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์ข…์ข… '๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ 1์›”'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์กฐํ•จ์€
25:45
to not drinking alcohol,ย it's not about the weather!
536
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์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚ ์”จ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
25:48
And the beginning of the year seems like a good
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์—ฐ์ดˆ๋Š”
25:50
time to start doing somethingย to improve your health.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:53
But it's easy to give in toย  temptation - isn't it, Rob?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ํ˜น์— ๊ตด๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”, Rob? ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฑฐ
25:56
Oh yes. And it's tough toย give up drinking in the first
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์•ผ.
25:59
place, as Millie Gooch, founder of The Sober Girl
541
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The Sober Girl Society์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž์ธ Millie Gooch๊ฐ€
26:02
Society knows. She spoke to BBC Radio 4's You and
542
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ You and
26:06
Yours programme and explained why it was hard to
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Yours ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉฐ ์™œ
26:09
quit in the first place...
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Š๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
26:12
I think it's the peer pressure and, you know, it's just so expected of
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋˜๋ž˜ ์••๋ ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:16
us, it's so ingrained in us. Alcohol is everywhere
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. ์ˆ ์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜
26:19
and it's not just alcohol itself, it's alcohol
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์ˆ  ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ 
26:22
merchandise, so, you know, you've got Christmas
548
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์ƒํ’ˆ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
26:24
jumpers that have been say 'Prosecco-ho-ho-ho' and
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'Prosecco-ho-ho-ho'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํžŒ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ ํผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ''๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋Š”
26:27
you can't buy a birthday card without saying
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์ƒ์ผ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:29
'let the fun be-gin'. It's justย absolutely everywhere, it's
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์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
26:32
so hard to avoid.
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ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:35
So that'sย Millie, who's right when
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Millie๋Š”
26:37
she says that, in the UK atย least, we sometimes drink
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
26:40
because we give in to peer pressure. That's the
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์— ๊ตด๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋” ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
26:43
influence a group of similar people have on you to
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด
26:46
behave like them. We want to be part of the group
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ผ์›์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ
26:49
so we copy what they do - and we are expected to
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:52
do so because, as Millie said, drinking alcohol is
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Millie๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
26:55
ingrained in us - well in some cultures anyway.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:58
And when an attitude isย ingrained it means it's been
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
27:02
that way for a long time -ย it's difficult to change.
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์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:06
And although it may be harmful, we see jokes
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ด๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
27:08
about drinking through things like merchandise - a
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์ƒํ’ˆ(
27:11
word for goods we buy and sell.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:14
And Millie goes on to say we can buy jumpers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Millie๋Š” Prosecco๋ผ๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ŠคํŒŒํด๋ง ์™€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋†๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ ํผ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:16
that joke about the
567
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27:17
Italian sparkling wine called Prosecco - which
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27:20
say 'Prosecco-ho-ho-ho!' And birthday cards have
569
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'Prosecco-ho-ho-ho!' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ผ ์นด๋“œ์—๋Š”
27:24
the message 'let the fun be-gin' -
570
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'let the fun be-gin'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:26
a play on the word 'begin'.
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.
27:28
With all thisย social pressure, it's hard
572
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์••๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ ์„
27:30
not to give in - and that's even worse when you're
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27:33
trying to fulfil your resolution not to drink.
574
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๋งˆ์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:36
For Millie, enough was enough when drinking
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Millie์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์Œ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
27:39
started to have a negative effect and she had to
576
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27:42
do something about it. Let's hear from her again.
577
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ž.
27:46
I started realising that alcohol was
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ ์ด
27:48
really affecting my mentalย health, so I was getting
579
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๋‚ด ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ •๋ง ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
27:51
that really bad hangoverย anxiety - that like, hangover
580
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์ˆ™์ทจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๊ณตํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ™์ทจ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
27:54
fear and dread - and I kind of noticed that was
581
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์— ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:57
permeating everyday life. I was a binge drinker
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํญ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค
28:00
rather than like an everyday drinker. So I just
583
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
28:03
decided that it wasn't suiting my life any more
584
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‚ด ์‚ถ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
28:06
and I wanted to give it up.ย 
585
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:08
So Millie there described
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Millie๋Š”
28:10
the negative effects of aย hangover - that's the sick
587
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์ˆ™์ทจ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ ์„
28:14
and tired feeling you get after drinking too
588
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋งˆ์‹  ํ›„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๊ณ  ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:16
much alcohol. She also said she felt anxiety.
589
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. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ๋„ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
28:20
And this feeling was permeating her everyday life.
590
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ •์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์— ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
28:23
When something permeates it spreads through
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํผ์ง€๊ณ 
28:26
something and influences every part of it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:28
So, drinking was affectingย her everyday life, and it
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Œ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
28:31
didn't help that she was a binge drinker.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํญ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:34
When you binge you do something occasionally
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ํญ์‹ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
28:37
but to extreme.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:39
Well, Millie managed to quit
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๊ธ€์Ž„, Millie๋Š”
28:40
drinking and hasn't touched a drop since.
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์ˆ ์„ ๋Š์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์šธ๋„ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:43
There are many benefits to remaining sober - that
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์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
28:45
means not being drunk. And one of them is
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์ˆ ์— ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด
28:48
hearing the answer to today's question!
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
28:50
Earlier I asked you:ย According to historians, which
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์ด์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ค
28:53
people were thought to be the first group to make
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์„ ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
28:56
New Year's resolutions? Was it the... a) Romans,
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? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... a) ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ,
29:00
b) Native Americans or c) Babylonians?
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b) ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋˜๋Š” c) ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
29:03
And Rob, what did you say?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋กญ, ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด?
29:05
I had a wild guess and said it was the Romans.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ์ถ”์ธก์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:08
Sorry, Rob, you are wrong. Many historians
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๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด, ๋กญ, ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด. ๋งŽ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ 4,000๋…„ ์ „์—
29:10
think it was the Babylonians who made the first
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ƒˆํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:13
ever New Year's resolutions,ย about 4,000 years ago.
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.
29:17
According to the history dot com website, at New
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ํžˆ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ท์ปด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
29:20
Year - which they celebratedย in mid-March - Babylonians
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3์›” ์ค‘์ˆœ์— ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆํ•ด์— ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„์ธ๋“ค์€
29:23
made promises to the gods to pay their debts and
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์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋นš์„ ๊ฐš๊ณ 
29:27
return any objects they had borrowed.
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๋นŒ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ทธ
29:29
I wonder if they managed to keep their resolutions
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๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ
29:32
for longer than I did?ย Anyway, let's keep one of our
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? ์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ
29:35
regular promises - to recap the vocabulary we've
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์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์•ฝ์† ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค์ž
29:38
discussed today. Startingย with resolution,
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.
29:41
which, in the context of a New Year'sย resolution,
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์ƒˆํ•ด ๋‹ค์ง์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ
29:43
is a promise to
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29:44
yourself to stop or start doing something.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ์˜ ์•ฝ์†์ธ ๋‹ค์ง์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:47
Peer pressure is the influence a group of similar
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๋˜๋ž˜ ์••๋ ฅ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด
29:49
people have on you to behave like them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:52
Ingrained describes an attitude or idea that has
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๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€
29:56
been done in a certain way for a long time and is
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ ธ์„œ
29:59
difficult to change. And merchandise is a word for
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํƒœ๋„๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ’ˆ์€
30:02
goods we buy and sell. We also mentioned a
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ™์ทจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:05
hangover - that's the sick, tired and sometimes
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
30:07
anxious feeling you get after drinking too much
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹  ํ›„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๊ณ  ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:10
alcohol. And permeating describes spreading
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. ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
30:13
through something andย influencing every part of it.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:16
Like the vocabulary in this programme, Sam!
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ Sam!
30:19
Thanks, Rob - and that's all for now.
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๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ, Rob - ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ.
30:21
Bye bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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