What chickens can teach us about hierarchies - 6 Minute English

99,745 views ・ 2018-11-15

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:07
Neil: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.
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Neil: μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”. 6 Minute English에 μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” Neilμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:10
Catherine: And I'm Catherine.
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: 그리고 μ €λŠ” μΊμ„œλ¦°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
Neil: Catherine, what's the connection between
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닐: μΊμ„œλ¦°,
00:13
hierarchies, managers and chickens?
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계측 ꡬ쑰, κ΄€λ¦¬μž 및 λ‹­ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 연결은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:17
Catherine: Well, I don't know Neil, but I'm, sure you're
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: κΈ€μŽ„, λ‚˜λŠ” 닐을 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ 당신이
00:18
going to tell me.
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λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 말할 것이라고 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
Neil: First of all, could you explain for our listeners
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Neil: μš°μ„ , μ²­μ·¨μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ
00:22
what a hierarchy is?
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계측 ꡬ쑰가 무엇인지 μ„€λͺ…ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:23
Catherine: Of course! A hierarchy is a way of organising
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: 물둠이죠! 계측 κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:26
people. For example, in a company, where there are
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. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
00:29
people working at different levels. You've
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ.
00:32
got bosses, managers and workers.
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상사, κ΄€λ¦¬μž 및 직원이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
The workers do the work and the managers have
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μž‘μ—…μžκ°€ μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κ³  κ΄€λ¦¬μžλŠ”
00:38
meetings that stop the workers doing the work!
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μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μžλ₯Ό μ€‘μ§€μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 회의λ₯Ό κ°–μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
00:40
Neil: But where do the chickens come in?
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Neil: ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 닭은 μ–΄λ””λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λ‚˜μš”?
00:43
We'll find out shortly, but first here is today's question
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곧 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜κ² μ§€λ§Œ λ¨Όμ € 였늘의 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
00:46
and it is – surprise, surprise – about chickens.
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닭에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 1년에
00:49
What is the record number of eggs laid by one chicken
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ν•œ 마리의 닭이 λ‚³λŠ” μ•Œμ˜ 기둝적인 μˆ˜λŠ” λͺ‡ κ°œμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ
00:53
in a year? Is it:
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?
00:55
a: 253
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a: 253
00:57
b: 371
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b: 371
00:59
or c: 426
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λ˜λŠ” c: 426
01:02
What do you think Catherine:?
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ„Έμš”?
01:03
Catherine: Well, I think most chickens lay an egg once
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: 음, λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 닭은 ν•˜λ£¨μ— ν•œ 번 μ•Œμ„ λ‚³λŠ” 것 κ°™μ•„μ„œ
01:06
a day, so I think it's 371.
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371일 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
01:09
Neil: Well, we will have an answer later in the
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닐: 음, ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ ν›„λ°˜μ— 닡이 λ‚˜μ˜¬ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:11
programme.
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.
01:12
Now, for hierarchies and chickens.
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이제 계측 ꡬ쑰와 닭을 μœ„ν•΄. Somethin' Elseκ°€ BBCλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ œμž‘ν•œ
01:15
In the radio programme The Joy of 9 to 5,
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λΌλ””μ˜€ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ The Joy of 9 to 5μ—μ„œ
01:17
produced by Somethin' Else for the BBC,
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01:20
entrepreneur Margaret Heffernan
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κΈ°μ—…κ°€ Margaret Heffernan은
01:22
described an experiment.
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μ‹€ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
In this experiment, researchers compared the
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이 μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ 연ꡬ원듀은
01:26
egg production of a group of average chickens
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평균적인 λ‹­ 그룹의 κ³„λž€ 생산을
01:28
to a group of super-chickens.
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슈퍼 λ‹­ κ·Έλ£Ήκ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³„λž€
01:30
That's chickens with an above average egg production.
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μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ΄ 평균 이상인 λ‹­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
Which was the most successful?
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μ–΄λ–€ 것이 κ°€μž₯ μ„±κ³΅μ μ΄μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
01:36
Here's Margaret Heffernan, and by the way,
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μ—¬κΈ° Margaret Heffernan이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그런데
01:38
the noun for a group of chickens is a flock.
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λ‹­ 무리의 λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” λ¬΄λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
Margaret Heffernan: He compares the two flocks
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Margaret Heffernan: κ·ΈλŠ” 6μ„ΈλŒ€μ— 걸쳐 두 무리λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:43
over six generations.
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.
01:44
The average flock just gets better and better and better.
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평균 λ¬΄λ¦¬λŠ” 점점 더 쒋아지고 μ’‹μ•„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Egg production increases dramatically.
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κ³„λž€ 생산이 극적으둜 μ¦κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
The super-flock of super-chickens,
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슈퍼 λ‹­μ˜ 슈퍼 λ¬΄λ¦¬λŠ”
01:52
at the end of six generations, all but three are dead,
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6μ„ΈλŒ€ 끝에 3마리λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³  λͺ¨λ‘ μ£½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
because the other three have killed the rest.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 3λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λ₯Ό μ£½μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
They've achieved their individual
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그듀은
02:00
productivity by suppressing the productivity of the rest.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 생산성을 μ–΅μ œν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 개인의 생산성을 λ‹¬μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
And that's what we do at work.
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그리고 그것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 직μž₯μ—μ„œ ν•˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
Neil: Which flock was most successful?
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Neil: μ–΄λ–€ 무리가 κ°€μž₯ μ„±κ³΅μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:11
Catherine: Well, the super-flock actually killed each
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 슈퍼 λ¬΄λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ£½μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:14
other, so it turned out that the average flock
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. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 평균적인 무리가
02:17
laid more eggs in total and was more successful.
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μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ•Œμ„ λ‚³κ³  더 μ„±κ³΅μ μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이 λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
Neil: Yes, but why was that?
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닐: λ„€, 그런데 μ™œ 그랬죠?
02:22
Catherine: Well, the super-chickens must have seen
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 슈퍼 μΉ˜ν‚¨λ“€μ€
02:24
their other flock members not as colleagues,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 무리λ₯Ό λ™λ£Œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:27
but as competitors.
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경쟁자둜 λ³΄μ•˜μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
Now to understand this, we have to start with the word
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이제 이것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄ '생산성'μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어뢀터 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:32
'productivity'.
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.
02:33
This noun refers to the amount of work that's done.
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이 λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” μ™„λ£Œλœ μž‘μ—…μ˜ 양을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
So, on an individual level, the super-chickens achieved
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ°œλ³„ μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ 슈퍼 닭은
02:41
productivity because they suppressed
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02:43
the productivity of their flock members.
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무리 κ΅¬μ„±μ›μ˜ 생산성을 μ–΅μ œν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 생산성을 λ‹¬μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
'Suppressed' here means they 'stopped the other
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 'μ–΅μ••'은 'λ‹€λ₯Έ
02:48
chickens from being productive' by killing them.
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닭듀을 μ£½μž„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 생산을 λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ λ§‰μ•˜λ‹€'λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
Neil: So, what do we learn from this experiment?
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Neil: κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ 무엇을 배울 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:53
Catherine: Well, Margaret Heffernan suggests that we
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Catherine: 음, Margaret Heffernan은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€
02:56
see this kind of behaviour in the human workplace.
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인간 μž‘μ—…μž₯μ—μ„œ 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 행동을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ œμ•ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
When everyone is equal, productivity is high,
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 평등할 λ•Œ 생산성은 λ†’μ§€λ§Œ 계측
03:04
but as soon as there's a hierarchy
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ꡬ쑰가 μžˆλŠ”
03:06
- as soon as there are managers -
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μ¦‰μ‹œ(κ΄€λ¦¬μžκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 경우)
03:08
things can go wrong because not all managers see their
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상황이 잘λͺ»λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  κ΄€λ¦¬μžκ°€ μžμ‹ μ˜
03:11
role as making life easier for the workers.
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역할을 근둜자의 삢을 νŽΈν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보지 μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
They demonstrate their productivity as managers,
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그듀은 μž‘μ—…μžμ˜ 생산성을 λ°©ν•΄ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κ΄€λ¦¬μžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 생산성을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:18
by interfering with the productivity of the workers.
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.
03:21
Neil: But there are other experiments which show
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Neil: ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:23
that chickens are productive in a hierarchy.
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닭이 계측 κ΅¬μ‘°μ—μ„œ μƒμ‚°μ μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹€ν—˜μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
How are those hierarchies different though?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 계측 κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆ 까?
03:28
Here's Margaret Heffernan again.
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μ—¬κΈ° λ‹€μ‹œ Margaret Heffernan이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Margaret Heffernan: So chickens have an inbuilt
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Margaret Heffernan: λ”°λΌμ„œ λ‹­μ—λŠ” λ‚΄μž₯된 계측 ꡬ쑰가 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜
03:33
or, if you like, an inherited hierarchy - that's where we
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” 경우 μƒμ†λœ 계측 ꡬ쑰가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ
03:36
get the term 'pecking order' from.
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'μͺΌκ°œλŠ” μˆœμ„œ'λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄κ°€ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
But it's one that they create among themselves,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것은
03:43
rather than one that's imposed upon them.
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°•μš”λœ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 그듀이 κ·Έλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Neil: So, which hierarchy works, at least for chickens?
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Neil: κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 적어도 λ‹­μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 계측 ꡬ쑰가 μž‘λ™ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
03:49
Catherine: Well, the best hierarchy is one that isn't
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: 음, 졜고의 계측 κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” λΆ€κ³Όλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ³„μΈ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:52
imposed. That means a good hierarchy isn't
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. 그것은 쒋은 계측 ꡬ쑰가
03:55
forced on the chickens.
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λ‹­μ—κ²Œ κ°•μš”λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
They do well when they create the hierarchy themselves,
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그듀은 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ 계측 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 슀슀둜 λ§Œλ“€ λ•Œ μž˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:00
naturally. They work out the pecking order themselves.
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. 그듀은 νŽ™ν‚Ή μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό 슀슀둜 ν•΄κ²°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Neil: 'Pecking order' is a great phrase.
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Neil: 'Pecking order'λŠ” ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ λ¬Έκ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
We use it to describe levels of importance in an
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 쑰직의 μ€‘μš”μ„± μˆ˜μ€€μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:08
organisation. The more important you are, the higher in
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. 당신이 더 μ€‘μš”ν• μˆ˜λ‘
04:11
the pecking order you are.
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당신은 μ„œμ—΄μ΄ 더 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
Where does this phrase originate?
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이 λ¬Έκ΅¬λŠ” μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:15
Catherine: Well, 'pecking' describes what chickens do
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: 음, 'μͺΌμ•„λ¨ΉκΈ°'λŠ” 닭이 λΆ€λ¦¬λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 일을 λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:17
with their beaks.
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.
04:18
They hit or bite other chickens with them.
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그듀은 κ·Έλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 닭을 λ•Œλ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
And the most important or dominant chickens, peck
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그리고 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μš°μ„Έν•œ 닭은 λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  닭을 μͺΌμ•„λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:24
all the others. The top chicken does all the pecking,
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. μƒμœ„ 닭은 μͺΌμ•„λ¨ΉλŠ” 일을 λ‹€ ν•˜κ³ ,
04:27
middle-level chickens get pecked and do some pecking
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쀑급 닭은 μͺΌμ•„λ¨Ήκ³ 
04:30
themselves, and some chickens are only pecked
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슀슀둜 μͺΌλŠ” 닭도 있고,
04:34
by other chickens.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹­μ—κ²Œλ§Œ μͺΌμ΄λŠ” 닭도 μžˆλ‹€.
04:35
So, there is a definite pecking order in chickens.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ‹­μ—λŠ” λͺ…ν™•ν•œ μͺΌμ•„ λ¨ΉλŠ” μˆœμ„œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
Neil: Right, time to review this week's vocabulary,
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Neil: λ„€, 이번 μ£Ό 단어λ₯Ό λ³΅μŠ΅ν•  μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
but before that let's have the answer to the quiz.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 전에 ν€΄μ¦ˆμ˜ 닡을 μ•Œμ•„λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:44
I asked what the record number of eggs
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λ‚˜λŠ” 1
04:46
laid by a single chicken in a year was.
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년에 ν•œ 마리의 닭이 낳은 μ•Œμ˜ 기둝적인 μˆ«μžκ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆμΈμ§€ λ¬Όμ—ˆλ‹€.
04:49
The options were:
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μ˜΅μ…˜μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
a: 253
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a: 253
04:52
b: 371
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b: 371
04:54
or c: 426
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λ˜λŠ” c: 426
04:56
What did you say, Catherine?
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뭐라고 ν–ˆμ–΄, μΊμ„œλ¦°?
04:57
Catherine: I said 371.
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: 371이라고 ν–ˆμ£ .
04:59
Neil: Well, lucky you! You're definitely top of
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닐: 음, 운이 μ’‹κ΅°μš”! 당신은 ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μͺΌμ•„ λ¨ΉλŠ” μˆœμ„œμ˜ μ΅œμƒμœ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:01
the pecking order, aren't you?
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, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
05:03
Because you are right!
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당신이 옳기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—!
05:04
Catherine: That's a lot of eggs!
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: 달걀이 정말 λ§Žλ„€μš”!
05:05
Neil: Indeed. Now, the vocabulary.
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닐: κ³Όμ—°. 자, μ–΄νœ˜.
05:08
We are talking about 'hierarchies'
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” '계측 ꡬ쑰'에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
- a way to organise a society or workplace with
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μ‚¬νšŒλ‚˜ μž‘μ—…μž₯을
05:13
different levels of importance.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
Catherine: An expression with a similar meaning is
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό 가진 ν‘œν˜„μ΄
05:17
'pecking order', which relates to how important
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'μͺΌκ°œλŠ” μˆœμ„œ'인데,
05:20
someone, or a chicken, is, within a hierarchy.
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계측 ꡬ쑰 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 닭이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
Neil: A group of chickens is a 'flock'.
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Neil: λ‹­ λ¬΄λ¦¬λŠ” '무리'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
It's also the general collective noun for birds as well,
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λ˜ν•œ λ‹­λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μƒˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 일반 집합 λͺ…사이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:28
not just chickens.
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.
05:29
Catherine: Another of our words was the noun
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Catherine: μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”
05:31
'productivity',
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05:32
which refers to 'the amount of work that is done'.
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'μ™„λ£Œλœ μž‘μ—…μ˜ μ–‘'을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” '생산성'μ΄λΌλŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
Neil: And if you 'suppress' someone's productivity,
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Neil: λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ˜ 생산성을 'μ–΅μ œ'ν•˜λ©΄
05:37
you stop them from being as productive
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생산성을 μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ 높일
05:40
as they could be.
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수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
Catherine: And finally, there was the verb to 'impose'.
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: 그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'λΆ€κ³Όν•˜λ‹€'λΌλŠ” 동사가 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:44
If you impose something, you force it on people.
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무언가λ₯Ό κ°•μš”ν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°•μš”ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
For example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
05:48
the government imposed new taxes on fuel.
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ—°λ£Œμ— μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„ΈκΈˆμ„ λΆ€κ³Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
Neil: Well that is the end of the programme. For
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Neil: 이제 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
more from us though, check out Instagram,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ›ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ Instagram,
05:56
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and of course,
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Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, 그리고 물둠
05:58
our App! Don't forget the website as well
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저희 앱을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ„Έμš”! bbclearningenglish.com μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ„ μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”
06:00
- bbclearningenglish.com.
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.
06:02
See you soon, bye.
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곧 λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
Catherine: Bye!
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μΊμ„œλ¦°: μ•ˆλ…•!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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