Pronunciation: How to pronounce 'have' when it's an auxiliary

142,977 views ใƒป 2017-01-06

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:08
Hi. I'm Tim and this is my Pronunciation workshop. Here I'm gonna show you how English is
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™
00:16
really spoken. Come on, let's go inside.
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ใ€ไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:24
Phew, just made it. A little bit late today. My alarm didn't go off this morning, so, I nearly missed the bus.
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ใตใ…ใ€ใงใใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้…ใ‚ใ€‚ ไปŠๆœใฏ็›ฎ่ฆšใพใ—ใŒ้ณดใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:33
Err... Tim, why do you need a bus to get to the shed at the end of your garden?
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ใˆใˆใจ... ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใ€ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆๅบญใฎ็ซฏใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฐๅฑ‹ใซ่กŒใใฎใซใƒใ‚นใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎ ?
00:41
Well, you know it's a really big garden.
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅบƒใ„ๅบญใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:46
Really?
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ๏ผŸ
00:47
OK, fine. Look, I'll let you into a little secret. This actually isn't my workshop. I've
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ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็งใฎใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:57
been borrowing it from a friend. Anyway, I nearly missed the bus, but I didn't. So, let's
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ๅ‹ไบบใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใ ใ€ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€้€ƒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
01:06
ask some people in London what they would do if their alarms hadn't gone off this morning.
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ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใ€…ใซใ€ ไปŠๆœใ‚ขใƒฉใƒผใƒ ใŒ้ณดใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:12
If my alarm hadn't gone off this morning, I'd've missed the bus.
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ไปŠๆœ็›ฎ่ฆšใพใ—ใŒ้ณดใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:15
I'd've stayed home. I'd've woken up anyway.
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็งใฏๅฎถใซใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใ็›ฎใŒ่ฆšใ‚ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
01:18
I'd've been late for work. I'd've missed the train.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใซ้…ๅˆปใ—ใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้›ป่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
01:21
I'd've stayed in bed.
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็งใฏใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
01:22
In an earlier video we saw that the verb 'have' is pronounced /hรฆf/ when it's used in
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ไปฅๅ‰ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œhaveใ€ ใŒๆณ•ๅˆถใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€/hรฆf/ ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
01:28
its modal form. But this isn't the only way the pronunciation of 'have' can change. Watch
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆ
01:36
and listen again. Can you hear how they pronounce it differently?
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ใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็™บ้ŸณใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:41
If my alarm hadn't gone off this morning, I'd've missed the bus.
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ไปŠๆœ็›ฎ่ฆšใพใ—ใŒ้ณดใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:44
I'd've stayed home. I'd've woken up anyway.
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็งใฏๅฎถใซใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใ็›ฎใŒ่ฆšใ‚ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
01:46
I'd've been late for work. I'd've missed the train.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใซ้…ๅˆปใ—ใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้›ป่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚Š้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
01:49
I'd've stayed in bed.
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็งใฏใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซใ„ใŸใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
01:51
When the verb have is used as an auxiliary it's often contracted. And when it comes after
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ๅ‹•่ฉž have ใŒๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅญ้ŸณใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซใใ‚‹
01:57
a consonant sound it's pronounced /ษ™v/. So, 'I'd have been late' becomes 'I'd've been
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ใจ /ษ™v/ ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€ŒI'd have been lateใ€ใฏใ€ŒI'd've been
02:06
late'. Now, this pronunciation is very common in conditional sentences, but it's not the only
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lateใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฏๆกไปถไป˜ใๆ–‡ใงใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใŒใ€่€ณใซ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
02:12
time you'll hear it. Here are some more examples.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:16
Your parcel should've been delivered yesterday. I would've done it differently.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฐๅŒ…ใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅ้…้”ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚„ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:21
We might've made a mistake. The police've arrived.
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็งใŸใกใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ญฆๅฏŸใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:24
Right, so you've heard the examples, and now it's your turn. Listen and repeat.
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ๆฌกใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ่žใ„ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใ€‚
02:32
Your parcel should've been delivered yesterday.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฐๅŒ…ใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅ้…้”ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
02:37
I would've done it differently.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚„ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:42
We might've made a mistake.
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็งใŸใกใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:45
The police've arrived.
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่ญฆๅฏŸใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:49
Well done. Now remember, if you want to learn more about pronunciation, then please visit
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
02:56
our website, bbclearningenglish.com. And that is about it from the pronunciation workshop
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็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ bbclearningenglish.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปŠ้€ฑใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ—
03:04
for this week. I'll see you soon. Bye bye! OK, now how does this alarm work?
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ใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸๅพŒใงใ€‚ ใƒใ‚คใƒใ‚ค๏ผ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒฉใƒผใƒ ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
03:20
I guess I should've read the instructions! That was really loud!
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็งใฏๆŒ‡็คบใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ในใใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงๅฃฐใงใ—ใŸ๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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