What is an English phrasal verb? Phrasal verbs with Georgie

70,383 views ใƒป 2024-06-04

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
OK, so I was about to get on the rollercoaster
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซไน—ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใซใ€
00:03
and then I chickened out...
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ใƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸ...
00:05
Chickened out?! Is that a verb?
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ใƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆ?! ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:09
Ah, yes. It's a phrasal verb. I forgot
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
students often freak out about them. Freak out...
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ๅญฆ็”ŸใŸใกใŒใ‚ˆใใใฎใ“ใจใง้จ’ใใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใณใฃใใ‚Šโ€ฆ
00:17
Is that another phrasal verbs? Yeah.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:20
Please explain more.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
00:23
OK! Here are some things
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ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
00:25
yiu should know about phrasal verbs.
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
00:26
Let's get into it. Phrasal verbs are verbs with more than one word, like 'freak out',
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ใ€ใ€Œfreak outใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
00:33
'wake up' and 'put on'.
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wake upใ€ใ€ใ€Œput onใ€ใชใฉใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:35
They consist of a basic verb
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใจ
00:37
plus one - and sometimes two - extra words.
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1 ใค (ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ 2 ใค) ใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Phrasal verbs can be split into categories.
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใซๅˆ†้กžใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
The first distinction is between phrasal verbs which need
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅŒบๅˆฅใฏใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž
00:48
an object and phrasal verbs which do not need an object.
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ใจ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใชใ„ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŒบๅˆฅใงใ™ใ€‚
00:54
OK, woah, woah, woah.
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OKใ€ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€ ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚
00:55
Don't freak out.
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ๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:56
Let's look at some examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:58
For verbs like pick up, put on, and turn on you are doing the action to something.
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pick upใ€put onใ€turn on ใชใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:05
These phrasal verbs require an object.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซใฏ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
01:09
You can't say 'I put on' on its own
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ€Œ็€ใŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“
01:12
without adding something. You put on what? I put on my scarf.
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ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚’็€ใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒ•ใ‚’ใ‹ใถใฃใŸใ€‚
01:18
'My scarf' is the object.
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ใ€Œ็งใฎใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒ•ใ€ใŒๅฏพ่ฑกใงใ™ใ€‚
01:21
OK, and what about the other type? Verbs like 'stand up'
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œstand upใ€
01:26
and 'freak out'
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ใ‚„ใ€Œfreak outใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซใฏ
01:27
do not require an object. When I stand up,
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็›ฎ็š„่ชžใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
01:31
I stand up - and that's it.
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็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:33
I am not doing the action to anything.
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็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:36
We don't need an object.
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ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:38
OK, and that's it?
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:41
Er, no.
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ใˆใƒผใ€ใ„ใˆใ€‚ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’
01:43
Phrasal verbs that require
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ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใง
01:44
an object can be split again
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01:46
into phrasal verbs that can be separated by their object
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ๅˆ†้›ขใงใใ‚‹ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž
01:50
and phrasal verbs that cannot be separated
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ใจ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงๅˆ†้›ขใงใใชใ„ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซๅ†ๅบฆๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใงใใพใ™
01:53
by their object.
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ใ€‚
01:55
For example, the verb 'put on'
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œput onใ€ใฏ
01:57
can be separated.
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ๅˆ†้›ขใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:59
You can say 'I put on my scarf' or 'I put my scarf on'.
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ใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒ•ใ‚’ใ‹ใถใฃใŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒ•ใ‚’ใ‹ใถใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
You can put the object in the middle of the verb or
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็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใพใŸใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€
02:07
or at the end, and it means exactly the same thing.
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:12
However, the verb 'look after'
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œlook afterใ€ใฏ
02:14
can not be separated.
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ๅˆ†้›ขใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:16
You can say 'my cousin looks after my dog',
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ใ€Œ็งใฎใ„ใจใ“ใฏ็งใฎ็Šฌใฎไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
02:19
but you cannot say 'my cousin looks
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎใ„ใจใ“ใฏ็งใฎ็Šฌใฎไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“
02:22
my dog after'. It sounds strange and very wrong.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ ใง้žๅธธใซ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:26
Okay. I'm freaking out. How am I supposed to learn all of this?!
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏ็Šถๆ…‹ใ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅญฆในใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:31
Don't freak out! Just come back to BBC Learning English. Where we'll
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ๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ BBC Learning English ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
02:36
teach you more phrasal verbs and how to use them.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใจใใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:39
See you next time.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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