Improve your English: ALL or WHOLE?

845,548 views ใƒป 2013-05-26

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hi again. Adam here. www.engvid.com. I have another lesson for you today. This is actually
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋‹ด. www.engvid.com. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
00:08
a request by Feresque -- Feresser? I hope I'm saying it right. Sorry about that. It
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Feresque์˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Feresser? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
was in the comments section of www.engvid.com. Please leave questions and comments and requests
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www.engvid.com์˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋ฐ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด
00:20
and we'll do our best to get them for you. So the request was: the difference between
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์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์š”์ฒญ์€
00:25
"all" and "whole". Now, the reason I also chose this lesson is because this is a very
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"๋ชจ๋‘"์™€ "์ „์ฒด"์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
00:30
common mistake that students make. They mix these two up all the time. They have very
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ž๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
00:36
specific roles in situations. We're going to look at them today.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
The first and most important thing to remember about "all" versus "whole" is where to put
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"all"๊ณผ "whole"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ด์ž ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:45
the definite article "the". So it's always "all the" whatever you're talking about, "the
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์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ "the"๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ "all the"๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  "the
00:53
whole" whatever you're talking about, so always "the" after "all", "the" before "whole". Now,
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whole"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ "the"๋Š” "all" ๋’ค์—, "the"๋Š” "whole" ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
01:01
they sound a little bit similar, "all", "whole", but not. Right? So be careful about pronunciation.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ "all", "whole"๊ณผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:08
Sometimes people might think you're mixing them up just because of pronunciation: "all",
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "all", "whole"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์„ž๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:12
"whole". Make sure you get that "H" sound and that "O" sound together.
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. "H" ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์™€ "O" ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:18
Now, what's the difference between "all" and "whole"? "All", you're talking about "everything".
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์ด์ œ "์ „์ฒด"์™€ "์ „์ฒด"์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๋ชจ๋‘", ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
Whatever it is you're talking about, you're talking about all of it, basically: everything,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ , ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ, ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
one, etc. When you're talking about "whole", you're talking about a "complete" something:
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01:36
a complete package, a complete group, a complete container of something, right? Whatever it
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, ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ, ๋งž์ฃ ? ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋“ 
01:43
is you're talking about, it has to be complete, right? It has pieces inside, and then the
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์™„์ „ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ  ? ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:48
whole is the complete collection of whatever it is you're talking about, whereas "all"
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์ „์ฒด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด "all"์€
01:52
is just everything that's involved with that noun, etc. So I'm going to give you a very
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๊ทธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ฃผ
01:59
quick example: You're sitting -- your friend went on a trip out of town. He had to take
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. : ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
02:05
the bus for two hours to his friend's house in Montreal, let's say. He comes back. You
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์นœ๊ตฌ ์ง‘๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„์˜จ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
02:13
ask him "How was the trip?", and he goes, "Oh, my God, there was a baby on the bus,
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๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ "์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์–ด๋• ์–ด?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Š” "๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ, ๋ฒ„์Šค์— ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:19
and the baby cried all the time." But if he said, "The baby cried the whole time", do
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๊ทธ ์•„๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ "์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์šธ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
02:26
you think that it's a different meaning? Usually people will understand the same thing, but
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”? ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:33
technically, "all the time" doesn't mean two hours crying. It means "cried, stopped, cried,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ "ํ•ญ์ƒ"์€ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "์šธ์—ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฉˆ์ท„๋‹ค, ์šธ์—ˆ๋‹ค,
02:39
stopped, cried, stopped." It seemed like he was crying throughout the trip, okay? But
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๋ฉˆ์ท„๋‹ค, ์šธ์—ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฉˆ์ท„๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌํ–‰ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ฃ ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:47
if somebody said, "The baby cried the whole time", I understand "two hours, baby crying,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ "์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์šธ์—ˆ๋‹ค "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด "2์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šธ๊ณ ,
02:53
wah, wah, wah, two hours." It could drive a person crazy. "All the time" -- he cried
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์™€, ์™€, ์™€, 2์‹œ๊ฐ„"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜" -- ๊ทธ๋Š”
02:59
enough times that it seemed like a long time. "The whole time" means for two hours straight,
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๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์งˆ ๋งŒํผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์šธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "The whole time"์€ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‰ฌ์ง€
03:05
non-stop. Okay. So that's a big difference between "all" and "whole", okay? "The whole
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์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด "all"๊ณผ "whole"์˜ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? "์ „์ฒด
03:12
time", I'm talking about the specific duration, the complete journey, two hours. "All the
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์‹œ๊ฐ„", ์ €๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ์ „์ฒด ์—ฌํ–‰, 2์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
03:17
time" - always: always crying, stopping. Always crying, stopping, crying, stopping, crying,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ" - ํ•ญ์ƒ: ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šธ๊ณ , ๋ฉˆ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šธ๊ณ , ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ , ์šธ๊ณ , ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ , ์šธ๊ณ ,
03:23
stopping. Not very much fun. But, "I studied all day" -- I have a test tomorrow; I studied
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๋ฉˆ์ถฐ. ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด" -- ๋‚ด์ผ ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด. ๋‚˜๋Š”
03:30
all day. "I studied the whole day." In this case, I would understand the exact same thing
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”." ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:36
as well. You can switch these two. But "all day" means, "I studied. I took a break. I
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. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ " ์ข…์ผ"์€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
03:42
studied. I didn't do anything else -- only studied today." But "I studied the whole day"
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๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋งŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š”
03:48
means "I sat at my desk, and I studied; I didn't stop." So that's one of the big differences
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ฑ…์ƒ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค."๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
03:53
between "all" and "whole". "Whole" we're talking about time, non-stop, continuous. "All" means
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"์ „์ฒด"์™€ "์ „์ฒด"์˜ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ „์ฒด" ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ผ์Šคํ†ฑ, ์—ฐ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ชจ๋‘"๋Š”
04:01
in that day, many times, and that's basically -- you did -- that's the one activity that
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๊ทธ ๋‚ ์—, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ -- ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•œ -- ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:05
you did, okay? So this is one aspect of "all" and "whole". "The" and duration, like, "always"
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, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "์ „์ฒด" ์™€ "์ „์ฒด"์˜ ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "The"์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "ํ•ญ์ƒ"
04:14
and the "complete" time of whatever it is you're talking about. We're going to look
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๊ณผ "์™„์ „ํ•œ" ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
at a couple of other differences that are very important that you need to keep in mind.
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๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
Okay, so now we're going to look at a few other differences that are sometimes very
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ
04:26
small but important. So let's look at the two examples here first: "All my friends came."
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์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:32
"My whole group of friends came." What do you notice first about the differences between
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"๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค ์™”์–ด." ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
04:38
these two? One, the possessive adjective -- my, his, your, etc. -- with "all" comes after
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? ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ -- my, his, your ๋“ฑ -- "all" ๋’ค์—
04:47
"all" -- comes before "whole": "My whole group of friends came." So I can say "all my friends",
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"all"์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- "whole" ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "My whole group of friends came." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” "๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
all individual friends, right? But remember what I said about "whole". "Whole" means something
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "์ „์ฒด"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "์ „์ฒด"๋Š”
05:02
complete, a complete package of something. So I have "group of friends" came. The meaning
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์นœ๊ตฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน"์ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
05:10
is more or less the same, okay? But here I talk about the group; here I talk about the
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:16
individuals. Very important to remember. But most important -- possessive, after "all",
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. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ -- ์†Œ์œ ๊ฒฉ, "all" ๋’ค์—,
05:22
before "whole", okay? That's one. Let's look at another thing. Sometimes you
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"whole" ์•ž์—, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์•ผ. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
05:28
can interchange the two words. The sentence looks exactly the same, but the meaning is
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๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
05:34
very different, okay? "All cities were destroyed." So let's say for example there was an earthquake
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
05:41
or a volcano eruption in Hawaii, okay? In Hawaii there's -- there are many cities. Volcano
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ํ•˜์™€์ด์—์„œ ์ง€์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ํ™”์‚ฐ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์™€์ด์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”์‚ฐ์ด
05:49
erupted; lava flowed; earth shook; etc. "All cities were destroyed." But if I say, "Whole
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ํญ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฉ์•”์ด ํ˜๋ €๋‹ค. ๋•…์ด ํ”๋“ค๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ "๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "
05:57
cities were destroyed", the meaning is very different. Here, "All cities were destroyed"
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๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:04
means no more cities. Every city -- destroyed. But if I say "whole cities", it means some
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ -- ํŒŒ๊ดด๋จ. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "์ „์ฒด ๋„์‹œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ถ€
06:10
cities were completely destroyed, okay? I put marker on myself, sorry. "Whole cities
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์ปค๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ „์ฒด ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€
06:17
destroyed" means "one city, completely destroyed, but there are other cities that are okay."
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ํŒŒ๊ดด๋จ"์€ "ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ, ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
This one -- no more cities; all flat, all covered in lava. Okay, so that's one other
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ -- ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ์šฉ์•”์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
06:30
thing. With "all", when you're talking about non-countable
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๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "all"์€ ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ
06:34
nouns -- money, water, air, sugar, milk, non-countable nouns -- you're usually going to use "all".
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๋ช…์‚ฌ(๋ˆ, ๋ฌผ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ, ์„คํƒ•, ์šฐ์œ , ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "all"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:41
You're not going to say "whole the money" because it doesn't make any sense because
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"๋ˆ ์ „์ฒด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:45
it's not a complete thing. It's a singular, non-countable. "All the money was stolen.
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. ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ˆ์€ ๋‹ค ํ›”์ณ๊ฐ”์–ด.
06:53
All the water was drunk", or spilled or whatever the thing is. And you're not going -- and
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๋ฌผ์€ ๋‹ค ๋งˆ์…จ์–ด ." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:59
you're usually going to use "whole" with a singular, countable noun. You prefer to use
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "์ „์ฒด"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:05
"whole" than "all" but it depends on the situation. Now, some people are going to ask me in the
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"์ „์ฒด"๋ณด๋‹ค "์ „์ฒด"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:11
comments section -- but now they won't because I'll give you the answer right now -- why
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-- ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋‹ต์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฌป์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
07:15
don't I say "all of my friends"? Why don't I say it? Because I don't need to, okay? This
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"๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š” ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
07:23
is an extra word. You don't need to use it. The only time you need to use "all of" is
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "all of"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
07:30
with an object pronoun -- all of them, all of it, all of us, all of whom -- with a clause,
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๋ชฉ์  ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ -- all of them, all of it, all of us, all of who -- ์ ˆ
07:40
etc. Otherwise, you just don't need "of". It's a useless word. It doesn't help. It doesn't
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๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด " ์˜". ์“ธ๋ฐ์—†๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
do anything. If I say "the whole of", it's also the exact same. I don't need to use it.
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "์ „์ฒด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
It means "the complete package". So that's another difference.
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"์™„์ „ํ•œ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
The last one, and this is very, very important especially for those of you who are going
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํŠนํžˆ
08:00
to be taking tests and grammar is important: "All students need to come to class early
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์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผ์ฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:07
tomorrow." "The whole class needs to come early tomorrow." Can you see the difference?
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." "๋‚ด์ผ์€ ๋ฐ˜ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ฐ ์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
08:15
Main thing to remember: with "all" and plural, you have the matching verb, students "need".
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ: "all"๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ Students "need"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Remember with "whole" you have a complete package, one package. The whole class "needs
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"์ „์ฒด"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ํ•™๊ธ‰ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ "ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค
08:29
to", singular with the "S", plural without the "S", okay?
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", "S"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•, "S"๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
08:35
So now you see all the differences between "all" and "whole", and I know that students
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์ด์ œ "์ „๋ถ€"์™€ "์ „๋ถ€"์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
08:42
are going to tell me, "I studied the whole time" or "I study all -- whole the time",
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด -- ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
that's what I hear often, "I study whole the time, but I don't improve." Now you will improve.
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์ข…์ข… "๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜จ์ข…์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ๋Š˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค." ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
I hope, anyway. Go to www.engvid.com. Take the quiz. Practice a little bit more. If you
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” . ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:58
have any questions or comments, write them in the comments. Also check out my video on
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋˜ํ•œ www.youtube.com์—์„œ ๋‚ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
09:02
www.youtube.com. Subscribe to my channel. It would be very nice of you, and I will see
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. ๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
you again very soon. Thanks.
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๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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