Writing - Transitions - in addition, moreover, furthermore, another

2,069,983 views ใƒป 2013-03-29

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hi. Welcome back to EngVid.com. I'm Adam. In today's lesson, we're going to look at
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์•ˆ๋…•. EngVid.com์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:07
writing skills. More specifically, we're going to look at transitions. Again, before I begin,
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์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
00:15
let me tell you IELTS and TOEFL students out there: transitions are very, very important
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IELTS ๋ฐ TOEFL ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ „ํ™˜์€
00:20
for you, for the essay section of the test; big points if you use them correctly, few
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์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์—์„ธ์ด ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํฐ ํฌ์ธํŠธ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ
00:27
points if you don't use them, or use them incorrectly. Anyway, let's get into what transitions
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ํฌ์ธํŠธ, ์ž˜๋ชป ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ „ํ™˜์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ 
00:32
are, and look at a few specific ones.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ • ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
What is a transition? A transition means a change from one idea to another idea. There
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์ „ํ™˜์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ „ํ™˜์ด๋ž€ ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
are many transitions in English. We use transitions to add information, we use transitions to
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์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
00:48
show a contrast; "although", "however", etc. We use transitions to show conditions; "if",
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๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜", "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜" ๋“ฑ. ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งŒ์•ฝ",
00:56
"unless". We use transitions to get to a conclusion; "therefore", "thus".
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ". ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ", "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ".
01:02
Lots of transitions -- very important, because they can join ideas within a sentence. But even more
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๋งŽ์€ ์ „ํ™˜ -- ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€
01:09
so, they can join two paragraphs. So what they do really, is they create flow. Flow is very
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๋‘ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ
01:18
important for writing. Flow makes it easier for the reader to follow what you're saying,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Flow๋Š” ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ,
01:24
and it makes it a little bit more interesting, as well.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
To "transition" basically means to bridge. You have two ideas you're connecting. You're
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"์ „ํ™˜"์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
01:33
creating a bridge from one idea to the next. Today, we're going to look specifically at
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€
01:39
"in addition", "in addition to", "furthermore", "moreover", and "another ______". These are very,
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"๋”์šฑ์ด", "๋”์šฑ์ด", "๋”์šฑ์ด", "๋”์šฑ์ด", "๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ______"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
very important transitions, because they help you add ideas -- one idea to another. Again,
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
01:53
very, very important for TOEFL and IELTS, because you're always going to be adding ideas
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TOEFL๊ณผ IELTS์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:58
to one topic. I'll get to that in a minute. The most important thing to remember here,
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. ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ
02:04
and where people I find make the most common mistakes. Believe me; I have marked hundreds
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๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์–ด; ๋‚˜๋Š”
02:10
of essays for TOEFL and IELTS. Very, very common mistake. What people forget, this basically
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TOEFL๊ณผ IELTS๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žŠ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:18
means "plus"; you're adding, you're adding two things. You're always adding at least
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"ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ
02:28
one idea to another idea, so you will always have two ideas if you're using these transitions.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
One of the most common mistakes I have seen on these essays is that people use these words,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
02:43
but they only have one idea.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
I'm the reader, and I'm reading, reading, reading, and I see, "Furthermore...". Furthermore
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…์ž์ด๊ณ , ์ฝ๊ณ , ์ฝ๊ณ , ๋˜ ์ฝ๊ณ , "๋”์šฑ์ด..."๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:53
what? What are you adding to? What are you adding, at all? Then I look around, and I
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๋ญ? ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
02:57
only see one idea. If I am the IELTS grader, and I'm reading your essay, you just lost
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋งŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ IELTS ์ฑ„์ ์ž์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€
03:03
at least one band because of that. Why? Because you made me stop. You made me search for that
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ? ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
second idea that is not there. Be very careful about that. If you're going to use these words,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
03:16
there must be two ideas. They must be linked, they must have something similar between them,
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
03:23
and they must be pretty close to each other.
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
"In addition to", "furthermore", and "moreover"; these are all pretty much the same. This one
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"๋”์šฑ์ด", "๋”์šฑ์ด", "๋”์šฑ์ด"; ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
03:32
is probably the most formal, this one is next most, and this is the most common. If you're
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
going to write a short essay, usually two of these will be enough. Why do you need to
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์งง์€ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ
03:46
know how to use two? Because you don't want to repeat. You don't want to say "in addition",
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ถ”๊ฐ€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
03:51
and give your idea, "in addition", give another idea, "in addition", give another idea. You
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  "์ถ”๊ฐ€", ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "์ถ”๊ฐ€", ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
03:56
don't want to do that. You want vocabulary variety, so use at least two. For a longer
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ดํœ˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋” ๊ธด
04:03
essay, you can use all three, or four as the case may be. What's interesting about these,
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์—์„ธ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 4๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
04:10
you can use all of these mid- sentence or to join paragraphs. Very important that you
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
use them correctly, though.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:19
Let's look at some examples on how to use these.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:23
First we're going to look at a sentence
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๋จผ์ € ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:25
with the transition working inside it. "His laziness caused the company to perform badly
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. "๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฆ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์‹ค์ ์ด ์ €์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:34
last quarter. Moreover, his attitude toward the board has put his job in jeopardy."
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. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง์—…์„ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:40
First, let's look at what's going on here. What are we talking about? We're talking about
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๋จผ์ € ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:47
the person's laziness. What are we adding to this? Remember, here I put "moreover".
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— "๋”์šฑ"์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:53
I could put "furthermore". I can also put "in addition", but all three would be okay.
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๋‚˜๋Š” "๋”์šฑ์ด"๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ"๋„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
We're talking about his laziness. What are we adding to it? Look at the second sentence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:06
What are the two things we are adding together to get the two whole ideas?
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „์ฒด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:12
If you said attitude, you're correct. Laziness and attitude -- these are both qualities of
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฆ„ ๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
05:18
this person. His laziness and his attitude caused the company to do badly, and put his
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํŽธ์„ ์•…ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜
05:25
job in jeopardy. I could rearrange these two sentences into one, but I don't want to. I
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์ง์—…์„ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋น ๋œจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์žฌ์ •๋ ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
05:32
want to have this idea, because this is adding to this. I have one idea, I have another idea,
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
but they're very much connected. We used a word like "moreover", "furthermore", "in addition", okay?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋˜ํ•œ", "๋”์šฑ์ด", "๋”์šฑ์ด"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
All of these are about the same topic.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
Now, when we talk about an essay, when we're joining paragraph to paragraph, you have to be very
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—์„ธ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‹จ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ
06:00
careful. The last idea has to join to the first idea of the next paragraph using one
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์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:07
of these transition words. Let's look at that now.
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
06:13
Let's look at an essay and you're joining two paragraphs, for example. My general topic
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์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š”
06:20
here is the internet. What I want to say is that the internet is a good thing, very, very
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:28
generally. I'm going to use two reasons. I'm going to talk about two reasons, and I'm going
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. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
06:34
to use basically one example.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
The reason it's good is because it helps connect families and friends. This was my paragraph
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์ข‹์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ „์— ๋‚ด ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:42
before, and this is the last sentence of my paragraph, my body paragraph. "So," conclusion,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ๋‹จ๋ฝ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ ๋‚ด ๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ" ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€
06:47
"the internet not only helps connect your friends and family anywhere in the world,
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"์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„์šฉ
06:53
it also makes it cheap to do so." That's one good thing about the internet: communication,
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๋„ ์ €๋ ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜,
06:59
networking, social media, etc. Facebook... all that. I want to go to my next paragraph,
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํ‚น, ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Facebookโ€ฆ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
and I want to add to this idea, the idea of connection, the idea of communication, as
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ด์œ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด , ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:14
why the internet is a good thing. "In addition to friends and family...", or "moreover/ furthermore..."
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. " ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์™ธ์—๋„..." ๋˜๋Š” "๋”์šฑ์ด/๋”์šฑ์ด..."
07:23
"...the internet provides companies with a larger network, or a larger pool of prospective employees."
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"...์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋” ํฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ์ž ์žฌ ์ง์› ํ’€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:35
I'm still talking about the same thing -- connections, networks -- but I went from personal idea
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—์„œ
07:45
to business idea, but still within the topic of the internet, still for the reason of communication
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์‚ฌ์—… ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ†ต์‹ 
07:55
and networking. I went with one idea, and the other idea working together for the overall
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๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํ‚น์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์—…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:03
idea. I hope this makes sense to you, because it's a little bit complicated.
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. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Any topic you take, any essay you write, where you're using one example, or two reasons with
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์—์„ธ์ด , ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:17
one example, to work together, to support an opinion about a general topic, you can
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:23
use these: "In addition to", "moreover, "furthermore".
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๋‹ค์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ", " ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ "๋”์šฑ์ด"
08:30
Let's say you're taking the IELTS, the TOEFL tests, you're writing your essay. You're running
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IELTS, TOEFL ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
out of time, you're not thinking properly, you're a little bit frazzled, you need a transition
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์ „ํ™˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:40
word -- always use "another". For example, "Another reason the internet is good, is because
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-- ํ•ญ์ƒ "๋‹ค๋ฅธ"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
08:52
it provides companies...". This is your go-to transition. When you're stuck, you have nothing
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง‰ํ˜”์„ ๋•Œ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
else, you want to switch to the next idea, always use "another reason", but remember, this
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ "๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
09:09
is not your first choice, this is your last choice. These are your first choice when you
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„ ํƒ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
want to add an idea. But, always good to have this in your back pocket, in case you get stuck,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋’ท์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋ง‰ํž ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด
09:20
you pull it out. Ace of spades, etc. -- you're a winner, right?
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๋นผ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด๋“œ ์—์ด์Šค ๋“ฑ -- ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์Šน์ž์ฃ ?
09:25
Lots of examples on www.engvid.com , on the quiz -- go check it out. Also, don't forget
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www.engvid.com , ํ€ด์ฆˆ์—์„œ - ๊ฐ€๋‹ค ํ™•์ธ ํ•ด๋ด. ๋˜ํ•œ
09:31
to subscribe to my channel on YouTube. I will see you again soon for more lessons. Thanks.
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YouTube์—์„œ ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”.
09:38
Learn English for free www.engvid.com
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์„ธ์š” www.engvid.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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