Advanced English Grammar: Dependent Clauses

1,278,052 views ใƒป 2015-10-16

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam, and today's lesson is a special lesson. It's
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์•ˆ๋…•. www.engvid.com์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” Adam ์ด๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
an introduction to dependent clauses. Now, before I begin, I want you to understand I'm
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ข…์†์ ˆ
00:15
only going to look at the functions of the dependent clauses today. I'm not going to
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์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋งŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š”
00:20
look at how they're built, how to structure them, the conjunctions they use, the relative
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• , ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ,
00:25
pronouns they use; only about the functions, because it's very important that you are able
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
to recognize the different types of dependent clauses. Once you recognize the function of
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ˆ์ด
00:37
a clause, you know how it's built, you know what it's doing in the sentence, you can understand
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
00:43
the sentence better, you can write better sentences.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
So, dependent clauses, what are they? First of all, they're also called subordinate clauses.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ์„  ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
You might see "subordinate", you might see "dependent". They're very different from the
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"ํ•˜์œ„"๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  "์ข…์†"์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:56
independent clause. The independent clause is a clause that can stand by itself, and
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. ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ
01:03
has a complete meaning. It doesn't have... It doesn't need any other information. A "clause"
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ ˆ"์€
01:08
is a collection of words-sorry-that must include a subject and a verb.
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์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ชจ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Okay, we have basically four types. Technically, we think of three types, but there's one extra
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:22
one that we're going to look at today. We have "noun clauses", we have "adjective clauses"-adjective
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ", "ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ"-ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ
01:29
clauses" are also called "relative clauses"-we have "adverb clauses", and we have something
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"์€ "์ƒ๋Œ€์ ˆ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ"์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:35
called a "that clause", which is really none of these three. It's closest to the noun clause,
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"that ์ ˆ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. . ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊น์ง€๋งŒ
01:40
but it doesn't function like a noun clause.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:44
We're going to start with the noun clause, then. What is a noun clause? First of all,
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:50
a noun clause has a specific function in a sentence. It is used, just like it's called,
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
it's used like a noun. You think of a noun clause as you would a noun, except that it's
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:02
a clause. There's a subject, there's a verb, there's other pieces to it. We can use it
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
02:07
as a subject of a sentence, we can use it as a subject of an otherwise independent clause.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
"What you do in your free time is your business." So, look... Let's, first of all, look at all
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02:19
the verbs, here. We have "do" and we have "is". We have two verbs. The subject for "you"...
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "do"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  "is"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "you"์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š”... "
02:26
For "do" is "you". Okay? What is the subject for "is"? Well, if you look around, it's not
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do"์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” "you"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค? "์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ญ, ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
02:34
"time", it's not "your", and it's not "you" because "you" is already being used. So the
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"์‹œ๊ฐ„"์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  "๋‹น์‹ "์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ " ๋‹น์‹ "์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "๋‹น์‹ "์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:38
whole thing: "What you do in your free time", this is the subject, this is the verb, this
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ: "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ", ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:46
is the subject complement. Okay?
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
02:49
Now, very rarely do people actually use noun clauses as subjects, especially in writing.
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ญ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
What they might say is "it": "It is your business what you do in your free time." Okay? We call
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:08
this a "preparatory 'it'". It means we prepare you for the subject that's going to come later.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์ค€๋น„ '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์˜ฌ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ค€๋น„์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Why do we do this? Because it's more... It's a bit awkward to do it like this. It's more
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋”ํ•ด์„œ... ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์ข€ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
03:25
convenient to begin with "it", get to the verb, and get to whatever comes after the
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"it"๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ณ  , ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์–ป๊ณ 
03:30
verb, and put the subject later because it's long. Okay? "What you do in your free time",
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, ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๊ธธ์–ด์„œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "What you do in your free time",
03:35
subject, "is", verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด, "is", ๋™์‚ฌ.
03:37
Now, we can use it as a subject complement. A subject complement looks like an object,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ณด์™„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์–ด๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
03:43
but it is not. It comes after a "be" verb. It comes after a "be" verb, okay? And it completes
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์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. be๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "be"๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:50
the meaning of the subject. So, Tom, what do we know about Tom? "Tom isn't"... Isn't
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์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ†ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ญ˜ ์•Œ์•„? "ํ†ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ"...
03:58
what? He "isn't what you would call friendly." This is the noun clause. There is the subject,
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๋ญ”๋ฐ? ๊ทธ๋Š” "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:06
there is the verb. These, by the way, these are just called the pronouns or the conjunctions,
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
04:15
whatever you want to call them. They begin the clause. Now, as we know from other lessons,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
04:22
"is" works like an equal sign. Tom, not really friendly. That's basically what this sentence
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"is"๋Š” ๋“ฑํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ฐ, ์ •๋ง ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด
04:29
means. This is the subject complement to Tom, noun clause. Notice the conjunction "what"
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์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ธ Tom์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์™„์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ "what"์€
04:38
can only be used in a noun clause; not in an adjective clause, not in an adverb clause.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
Okay, we can also use a noun clause as the object of the sentence. "She said she was sorry."
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค."
04:53
So, what do we have, here? We have the subject, we have the verb. She said what?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ ?
04:58
What did she say? That "she was sorry". Subject, verb. Okay? I put "that" in brackets because
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค". ์ฃผ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "that"์€
05:08
"that" is a conjunction that we can often take out. You have the subject, here; we don't
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ๊บผ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "that"์„ ๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:13
need this. This is only used to introduce the noun clause. We can take it out, we can
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:20
leave it in. Up to you. Some sentences, it is necessary to keep "that" in the sentence
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ "that"์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:27
if it's not clear without it. If it's very clear without it, take it out. So, she said what?
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—†์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊บผ๋‚ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:35
This is the object, this whole thing. Actually, I'll put it here. Object to "said".
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€์ƒ, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค"์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
This is the subject complement to "Tom", this is the subject to "is".
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "Tom"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์™„์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "is"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
We can also use noun clauses as objects of prepositions. "I don't worry." is a complete
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค." ์™„์ „ํ•œ
05:56
sentence. This is an independent clause; I don't actually need anymore. But I want to
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:03
tell you specifically what I don't worry about. So I use the proposition "about", and now,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "about"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
06:10
"what others think", again, you have the conjunction, you have your subject, you have your verb.
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"๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ"์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด , ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
This whole thing is now the object of "about". About what? "What others think". The whole
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์ œ "about"์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด? "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ". ๋ชจ๋“ 
06:24
thing, this whole thing: "about what others think", this whole thing is a complement to
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๊ฒƒ, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ: "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด", ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:29
this sentence. Okay.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
06:33
Now, we can also have an object of a verb that is not the main verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:38
"I really want to believe." this is a complete sentence.
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"์ •๋ง ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”." ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
I have here a subject, verb, object. I don't
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
need anything else, but I want to add some more information. I want to add a complement.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์ถฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
So: "that tomorrow will be better", I have my subject, I have my verb. This whole thing
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋‚ด์ผ์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€
07:01
is a noun clause, acting as an object to "believe". But "believe" is not the main verb of the
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"๋ฏฟ๋‹ค"์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "๋ฏฟ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:10
sentence. It is just... It is part of the object, the infinitive object. And I have...
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€... ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”...
07:18
But it's a transitive verb, means it can take an object, so I give it an object. This object
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š”
07:24
now acts as a complement to the word, to the verb "believe". So here is basically the noun
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์ด์ œ "๋ฏฟ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:31
clauses that you will find in your readings, the noun clauses that you should use in your
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์ฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ์ž‘๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
writing, and we're going to move now to the adjective clauses.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Okay, so now we're going to look at the adjective clauses or the relative clauses. Just like
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
the nouns, the adjective clauses work as adjectives. They are modifying a noun, usually one that
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋„ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:52
comes before it. Okay? We're going to look at three types. It's not really three types;
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๊ทธ ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
there's only two types, but one of them is a little bit different, so we look at it separately.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์„œ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
You have identifying adjective clauses in which case you do not use commas. What does
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์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹๋ณ„ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
"identifying" mean? It means that you're pointing to this noun and you're telling me what it
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"identification"์€(๋Š”) ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡
08:13
is, or who it is, or where it is. It has to be specific, because otherwise, I don't know.
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์ธ์ง€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€, ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
The noun is too general. You need to identify it so there's no commas.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋„๋ก ์‹๋ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
On the other hand, we have the non-identifying one. If you're giving me a noun and I know
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์‹๋ณ„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
08:28
what the noun is, maybe it's a name, maybe you've already mentioned it in a previous
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๊ทธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด์ „ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ
08:32
sentence, so I already know who, what, where this noun is. So, now, anything that you tell
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
08:39
me about it is extra information. You're still modifying the same thing, but you're giving
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
08:45
me extra. In this case, you're going to use commas before and after the adjective clause.
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ ์•ž๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
If the adjective clause ends the sentence, then of course, there's a period, not a second comma.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
And we have situational adjective clauses. Now, technically, they work the same way except
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ™ฉ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:04
that they're not modifying a noun. They're modifying an entire phrase or clause that
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ „์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:10
came before it. We're going to look at examples.
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. ์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
So number one, identifying. "The girl who sold me the car said it was hers." Now, if
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์‹๋ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ ์†Œ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค." ์ž, ๋งŒ์•ฝ
09:20
you ask: Who is this girl? I don't know. Lots of girls out there, so you need to tell me
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด: ์ด ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:27
specifically which girl we're talking about. So that's why we have "who sold me the car".
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
Oh, sorry.
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์•„, ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
This is an adjective clause. We have the subject. So in adjective clauses,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์—์„œ
09:45
this can also be the subject and the verb. Okay? It is telling you something about the
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this๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ๋…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:53
girl. It is telling you specifically which girl you're talking about. So now I know.
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. ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
In the next sentence, when you say "the girl", if you're still talking about the same girl
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ "the girl"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋…€
10:02
and the same situation, in the next sentence, you don't need to give me an identifying clause.
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์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
In the next sentence, if you want to give me more information about her, then you're
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:12
giving me a non-identifying, because here, you've identified her. Next sentence, I know
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„์‹๋ณ„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ๋‚˜๋Š”
10:17
who she is; it's all extra information. Okay? Just a little bit of a refresher: "said" is
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ์ถฉ์ „: "said"๋Š”
10:25
a verb. What is this? This is a little bit of review. It's a noun clause, of course.
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๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
It's an object to "said". We took the "that" out.
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"๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ €๊ฒƒ"์„ ๊บผ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Okay, let's look at the non-identifying clause. "My high school English teacher". Now, we're
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์ž, ๋น„์‹๋ณ„ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜". ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:42
talking about my high school, so I went to one high school and we're talking about one
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์ œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋…”๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ
10:47
specific class, and therefore, one specific teacher. So she's already been identified.
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ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
"My high school English teacher", that's a very specific person. So I don't need to identify
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"๋‚ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜", ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
10:58
her anymore; I've already identified her. So, now, I'm going to give you some information
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:03
about her, but it's all extra. If I take this clause out... It actually starts here. Oh.
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. ์ด ์ ˆ์„ ๋นผ๋ฉด... ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค.
11:17
This is the adjective clause. If I take it out, my sentence is still okay.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋‚ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
"My high school English teacher sends me a postcard." No problem.
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"๋‚ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฝ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค." ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
11:26
Good sentence. Complete idea. I know who she
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ. ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ
11:29
is, I know what she did. No problem. So this is extra, and so I put it between commas.
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์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‰ผํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
Okay? "Who is retired", so again, I have my subject and my verb, and "who now lives in
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์ข‹์•„์š”? "Who is ์€ํ‡ดํ•œ๊ฐ€", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฃผ์–ด ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์ง€๊ธˆ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
11:45
Florida". Because of the "and", I don't need to say this again. This just carries over
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"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "and" ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:50
to here. ", who is retired and who now lives in Florida, sends me a postcard". Between
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. "์€ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฝ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค."
11:57
commas. Just extra information. Okay? But it is still telling you something about my
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์‰ผํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์ด. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹๋‚ด ์˜์–ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:04
English teacher. It is still giving you information about the noun that came before it. Just like
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. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด์ „์— ์˜จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
this one tells you something about the noun that came before it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:14
Now, although it's not very common, you could have an adjective clause that doesn't modify
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์ด์ œ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:21
the noun right before it. "I bought myself a motorcycle for my birthday." This is an
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. " ๋‚ด ์ƒ์ผ์— ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์–ด." ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
12:29
independent clause. It is fine. You don't need any more information. I could put a period,
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๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ณ 
12:34
here, and be finished with this sentence. But I want to give you some more information,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ
12:39
I want to give you my wife's reaction. Okay? "Which made my wife crazy". Now, you're thinking
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "๋‚ด ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ". ์ด์ œ
12:47
"which", are we talking about birthday? My birthday made her crazy? That doesn't make
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"์–ด๋–ค"์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ƒ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚ด ์ƒ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ?
12:52
sense. She's my wife, she loves me, she loves my birthday, she wants to buy me a cake, she
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด ์•„๋‚ด์ด๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚ด ์ƒ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ ,
12:57
wants to make me a cake, but that's not what made her crazy. What made her crazy is that
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์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€
13:02
I bought myself a motorcycle. This situation, that's why I called it a situational, this
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
13:08
situation is what I am describing. This situation made my wife crazy. So, we don't modify the
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์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:19
last noun. We actually modify the whole situation and we use a comma. We end the sentence with
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ˆ˜์ • ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋๋‚ด
13:26
it, so we use a period. If it was in the middle of a sentence, of course, comma and continue
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๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:32
the sentence. So there you have three adjective clauses.
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
And again, just like with the noun clauses, sometimes you can take out the relative pronoun.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
In this case, you can't because it is also the subject. But we will do... I will do another
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
13:46
video lesson about how to construct all the different types of adjective clauses, noun
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ
13:52
clauses, etc. The only thing I will mention right away today: We use "that" with identifying
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์ ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ "that"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:01
adjective clauses. So if you're identifying a thing, use "that". If you're modifying...
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "that"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ...
14:08
If you're describing a noun that's a thing, but it's non-identifying, use "which". "That",
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” "which"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ",
14:14
no comma; "which", with comma. Okay? Identifying, non-identifying, in case you're wondering:
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์‰ผํ‘œ ์—†์Œ; "์–ด๋–ค", ์‰ผํ‘œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์‹๋ณ„, ๋น„์‹๋ณ„, ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ:
14:21
"What's the difference between 'that' and 'which'?" Now, some teachers will tell you
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"'์ €๊ฒƒ'๊ณผ '์–ด๋–ค'์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?" ์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š”
14:25
they're both the same, you can use either one. You can. If you're going to write an
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
IELTS test, a TOEFL test, an SAT test, a GRE/GMAT test, not okay. Identifying, non-identifying
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IELTS ์‹œํ—˜, TOEFL ์‹œํ—˜, SAT ์‹œํ—˜, GRE/GMAT ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹๋ณ„, ๋น„์‹๋ณ„์ด ์ด
14:38
is the correct distinction between these two. Okay, let's look at adverb clauses now.
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๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
14:44
Okay, so now we're going to look at adverb clauses. And just like noun clauses and adjective
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋ฐ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
14:49
clauses, what does an adverb clause do or how does it work? It works like an adverb.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
And what does it do? It shows our relationship. Now, what is the relationship between? It's
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:01
very important to remember that a dependent clause is always joined to an independent
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋…๋ฆฝ
15:07
clause or to other dependent clauses; it never stands by itself. Right? So an adverb clause
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์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์„œ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€
15:14
has a relationship with whatever clause it is attached to, usually the independent clause.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ ˆ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
What kind of relationships? Well, here are some examples: there's a contrast, there's
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:25
condition, there's reason, there's time. Okay? There are others as well, but we're just going
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์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์œ ํ˜•
15:31
to look at a few just to get an example of the types of relationships you might have.
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์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:36
So, adverb clauses, of course, have their own conjunction. They're not "what", they're
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ž์ฒด ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๋ฌด์—‡"์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:43
not "that". We don't use "what", we don't use "that". You could use "who", you could
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"์ €๊ฒƒ"์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋ฌด์—‡"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  "์ €๊ฒƒ"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "who"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:48
use "which". No, we can't use "which", that's for a noun or an adjective. "Although", "if",
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"which"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, "which"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ", "๋งŒ์•ฝ",
15:54
"because", "when". Contrast, condition, reason, time. Okay? So we can use all of these conjunctions
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"๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—", "์–ธ์ œ". ๋Œ€์กฐ, ์กฐ๊ฑด, ์ด์œ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
16:04
to show all kinds of relationships.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
"Although he practiced every day", here's your adverb clause, "he didn't win", here's
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ", ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
16:13
your independent clause. This is a sentence: "He didn't win." But the contrast, though:
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋Š”
16:21
"Although he practiced every day". So, what's the...? What's the relationship of contrast?
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋ญ”๋ฐ...? ๋Œ€์กฐ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:26
It means opposite ideas. Right? Or opposite expectations. You think, he practiced every
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์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ๊ณ 
16:32
day, he should be very good, he should win the contest. But he didn't win. So this is
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, ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋Š”
16:38
like "but", although it creates a dependent clause.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "but"์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:43
"If you help me pass this test, I'll buy you lunch." On what condition will I buy you lunch?
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"์ด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋ฉด ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์ค„๊ฒŒ." ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?
16:54
On the condition that you help me pass this test. So if you help me, I will buy. Okay?
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์ด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
17:02
"I lent her my notes"-why?-"because she missed too many classes". So I'm showing you the
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด ๊ณต์ฑ…์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค"-์™œ?-"๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋น ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—". ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
17:10
reason that I lent her my notes. Independent clause, adverb clause, showing reason.
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด ๋…ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ค€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
Now, this sentence I made a little bit more complicated. I put in a few dependent clauses,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
because you remember at the beginning I said there's a fourth type, "that" clause? We're
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ํ˜•์ธ "that" ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„
17:31
going to see that now, too. "When my mother, who was only 18 when she had me, told me I
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ €๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 18์„ธ์˜€๋˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€
17:38
should wait until I got older to marry Lucy, I knew she was really happy I met the right
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๋ฃจ์‹œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋” ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:45
person." Wow, that's a very complex sentence, you're thinking that, right? Too many things
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." ์™€์šฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ ? ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด
17:50
going on. Well, not so complicated. "When my mother", okay? Where's the main verb?
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ธ์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—„๋งˆ", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:01
"Told me", "When my mother told me", that's your first adverb clause.
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"๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด", "์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ", ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:09
Here, we have a comma and a comma. Here, we have an adjective clause.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ์™€ ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
Here, we have an adverb clause. An adjective
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
clause is telling me something about my mother, but commas tell me it's not identifying. I
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
18:27
only have one mother. She's already been identified, she's my mother. Not your mother, not his
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋„, ๊ทธ์˜
18:34
mother, not her mother. My mother. There's only one. So this is non-identifying adjective
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋„, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—„๋งˆ. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„์‹๋ณ„
18:39
clause. "When my mother told me", told me what? "I should wait",
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ", ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "I should wait",
18:48
noun clause, object to "told". "Told me I should wait until I got older".
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด to "told". " ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด."
19:02
Until when should I wait? Here,
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์–ธ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—
19:04
we have another adverb clause, with time. Right? This relationship of this clause is
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์ด ์ ˆ์˜ ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”
19:11
to this clause. I should wait until a specific time. This is a noun clause. "To marry Lucy",
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์ด ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฃจ์‹œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด",
19:20
this is just a complement. "I knew she was really happy", what's the relationship? There's
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค", ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:32
no conjunction. This is a complete idea by itself. This sentence can stand by itself.
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
This is your independent clause. Now, remember the "that" clause that I told you about? So,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ "๊ทธ" ์ ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
19:47
technically, there is a "that" here. But I took it out because I don't need it, I have
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” "์ €๊ฒƒ"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๋นผ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:52
a subject. Remember "that"... We generally use "that" just to introduce a clause. It
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "that"์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด "that"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:58
doesn't have any particular function other than to introduce the clause.
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์ ˆ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:03
So "I met the right person".
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์ ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค".
20:06
Now, is this modifying, "happy" or "she" or anything? No. So it's not an adjective
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด "ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ" ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋…€"๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:14
clause. There's no relationship of any kind, here, so it's not an adverb clause. There's
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:21
no noun and there's no situation, so it's not a noun clause.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:27
Basically, this is called a complement.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์™„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:33
Complement.
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๋ณด์–ด.
20:36
It is just completing this idea. It's just a "that clause" we call
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” "๊ทธ ์กฐํ•ญ"์ผ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:41
it. It doesn't really have any type of a noun, adjective, adverb, but it just gives you a
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. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
20:45
little bit of extra information to complete the idea. "She was really happy that I met somebody",
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
20:53
this completes the idea of basically happiness. So there you go, adverb clause,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ,
21:00
adjective clause, noun clause, adverb clause, independent clause, and a "that" clause all
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "that" ์ ˆ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘
21:06
in one sentence.
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ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:07
Now, why did we learn all this stuff today? Why did we have this introduction to dependent
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์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข…์†์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
21:12
clauses? So that when you see a sentence like this and it looks very complicated to you,
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? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ,
21:19
understand that all you have to do is pick out all the different clauses, find out what
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์„ ๊ณจ๋ผ๋‚ด๊ณ ,
21:25
is their function, what are they doing in this sentence. If you understand what they
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ , ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„
21:30
are doing, what they are modifying, what they are explaining, what relationship they're
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
21:35
showing, then you know what the sentence means. When you know the independent clause, that's
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
21:43
your main idea. "I knew she was really happy", this is the main idea. This is the most important
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์ฃผ์š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค", ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
21:49
piece of information. All this other stuff just gives you more information; it just modifies
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์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€
21:55
the main idea. Know the function, know the type of clause, know how everything is working.
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์ฃผ์š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ ˆ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:02
Now, if you understand all this, do keep in mind I will make other videos, as I said.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
22:09
I will show you how to construct a noun clause, an adjective clause, and an adverb clause.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:15
Okay? I will show you how to make them, I will show you how to analyze them. They come
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
22:20
in different structures, they can be played around with. You need to know... You need
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๋‹น์‹ ์€
22:23
to know all the different conjunctions; "who", "until", "when", "that", etc. But for now,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€", "๊นŒ์ง€", "์–ธ์ œ", "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ" ๋“ฑ. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
22:29
make sure you know what you're looking at, identify it, and work from there.
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๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž‘์—…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:35
Now, if you want to practice this a little bit, if you want to come and look at sentences
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™€์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
22:40
and identify the clauses, go to www.engvid.com. There's a quiz there that I put up there.
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์ ˆ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:46
You can practice, you can ask me questions in the comment section, and that's it.
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:53
It's all good.
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์ „๋ถ€๋‹ค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„.
22:54
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, and I'll see you again soon. Bye.
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์ œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ฑ„๋„ ๊ตฌ๋… ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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