Writing Skills: The Paragraph

4,749,240 views ใƒป 2013-07-22

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hi, welcome again to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is about the paragraph. It's
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, www.engvid.com์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:08
a writing lesson, and I want to show people what a paragraph is and how to construct one,
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์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ,
00:14
what to do, what not to do so you can write very clear, very tight paragraphs. This is
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ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๋นก๋นกํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:20
especially important for IELTS, TOEFL, SAT students but everybody has to follow the exact
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IELTS, TOEFL, SAT ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
00:26
same rules. Now before I even begin, I must say that I'm
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ €๋Š”
00:30
talking mostly about academic writing or even business writing. Creative writing like novels
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์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•™์ˆ  ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ž‘๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์„ค
00:37
or short stories, anything fiction, you can do anything you want. Only always remember:
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์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จํŽธ ์†Œ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ, ์†Œ์„ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”:
00:43
somebody has to read what you wrote so it has to be clear. But academic essays, for
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•™์ˆ  ์—์„ธ์ด,
00:49
example, certain rules you have to follow; you have to be very careful about them. So
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŠน์ • ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
let's begin. In terms of like the actual way a paragraph
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
00:58
looks: you have to indent or skip a line. So let me just make sure you understand what an indent is.
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๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ค„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ค์—ฌ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
This is an indent, the first line a little bit pushed in or you can make
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋“ค์—ฌ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ค„์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ€์–ด ๋„ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:14
sure you skip a line between paragraphs. But don't do both. If you skip a line, don't indent.
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๋‹จ๋ฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ค„์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ค„์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋“ค์—ฌ์“ฐ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:22
Okay? That's the main thing. Now, that's in terms of the way it looks.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
In terms of content -- and this, I can't stress this enough -- very, very, very important:
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๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฉด์—์„œ -- ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
one central idea in one paragraph. Okay? I've seen many people, I've seen many essays where
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ 
01:41
you start a paragraph talking about one thing, and then you go off on a tangent and talk
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ‘์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:46
about something completely unrelated. So for example: if you start a paragraph and you're
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ด€๋ จ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:50
talking about apples, continue to talk about apples. If you go to oranges, that's maybe
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
01:57
okay because you're still talking about fruit. But if you start with apples, go to oranges,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณผ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€,
02:02
go to bananas, and then end up with monkeys in space there's a bit of a problem; the reader
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๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ˆญ์ด๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…์ž๋Š”
02:06
has no idea what you're talking about. One paragraph, one central idea.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฝ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด.
02:12
Now, make sure that you tell the reader what this central idea is. This is your thesis
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์ด์ œ ๋…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ
02:18
statement. Okay? It's a very general sentence. All it does is introduce the topic of the
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์ง„์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์•„์ฃผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:25
paragraph, nothing else. All the details comes after.
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. ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
So speaking of details, we'll talk about details in detail, but all other ideas, all the other
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“ 
02:38
sentences, all your sentences with the details must directly relate back to the main idea.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ, ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ์š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
So let's say here is your thesis statement; very general, every sentence after must relate
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
02:56
back to that thesis statement. Okay? You can't go off to another idea. Everything must support
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์ œ ์ง„์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:07
this, must talk about the same topic. Very important. Okay?
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:12
How long should your paragraph be? Technically, a paragraph could be one sentence, but in
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๋‹จ๋ฝ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์€ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:18
an academic essay that rarely happens. But it could be any length you want, as long as
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ํ•™์ˆ  ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:24
you're still on that one topic, as long as you still have things to write and things
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:28
to say about that topic, say it. If you have four sentences, fine; if you have 10 sentences,
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•  ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
03:35
also okay. Again, for IELTS, TOEFL, SAT students: four, five sentences should be your limit.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, IELTS, TOEFL, SAT ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: 4, 5๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด
03:42
You can't be too long because you don't have time and you're going to start making mistakes.
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์—†๊ณ  ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:47
So now, the details. Very important to have lots of details. Why is this topic important
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€
03:54
to your overall idea of your essay? Not only tell me what is the topic, what is the thesis
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์—์„ธ์ด์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
04:01
statement of the paragraph, make sure you explain to me why this is important to the
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๋‹จ๋ฝ์˜ ๋…ผ์ œ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
04:06
general idea of the essay. Give me your reasons. Now, why is it important? And then reasons,
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์—์„ธ์ด์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด์œ ,
04:12
why you think what you're saying supports this idea. Examples, always use examples because
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
04:19
giving me the reasons is okay; examples make me see exactly what you're trying to say.
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
Very easy for me to understand what you're trying to say.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Now, in terms of flow, in terms of the way the reader can approach the paragraph, you
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์ด์ œ ํ๋ฆ„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ, ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
04:34
have to have bridges. What is, what do bridges mean? Basically, when you have one idea in
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋•Œ
04:41
this sentence, you must connect it to the next sentence, you must connect it to the
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:46
next sentence. Every sentence must have a link to the next sentence. This creates flow,
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. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
04:53
makes it much easier to read and understand, and it keeps you on the one topic.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Now, key terms. If you're talking about something specific and you have to use a key term, use
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์ด์ œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
05:05
it as many times as you need to. Otherwise, avoid repetition.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ”ผํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:15
Try not to use the same word more than once in one paragraph. Okay? For example: if you're using the word "moreover"
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹จ๋ฝ์—์„œ "moreover"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
05:23
in the paragraph, don't use it, don't use "moreover" again -- use "in addition to",
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"moreover"๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "in addition to",
05:28
use "furthermore", "another", etc. Try to avoid using one word more than once, especially
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"furthermore", "another" ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. . ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
05:35
in the same paragraph. But sometimes you'll get words, like for example you're writing
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:39
an essay about parents. Not many words you can replace for "parents" so if you have to
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. "๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜"์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
05:45
say "parents", "parents", "parents", "parents", so be it, do that. Once in a while: "mom and
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"๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜", "๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜", "๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜", "๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ฐ€๋” "์—„๋งˆ
05:50
dad", "mother and father" but you don't want to add like "mother and father" three words,
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์•„๋น ", "์—„๋งˆ ์•„๋น "๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "์—„๋งˆ ์•„๋น " ์„ธ ๋‹จ์–ด,
05:54
"parents" one word. Shorter is better, so keep that in mind.
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"๋ถ€๋ชจ" ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งง์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ข‹์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:00
At the end of your paragraph when you're coming to the end, if this is part of your body -- means
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๋ฌธ๋‹จ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹  ๋ชธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋ฉด --
06:05
there's another paragraph coming -- leave me some sort of bridge to the next paragraph.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:12
Or if you can't do that, then just conclude the paragraph, make sure it's a very clear
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ 
06:17
statement that this idea is finished; I'm done talking about this idea and then start
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค๊ณ 
06:22
your next paragraph with some bridge to the previous one. So one paragraph connects to
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์ด์ „ ๋‹จ๋ฝ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:28
the next paragraph. Same idea with flow: sentence connects to sentence, paragraph connects to
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. ํ๋ฆ„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ด ๋‹จ๋ฝ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:34
paragraph. Okay? Now of course the easiest way to understand all this is to look at an
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
06:40
actual paragraph and see all these points in it. Okay? So let's do that.
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์‹ค์ œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์ ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:46
Okay, don't be scared. This is a paragraph. Okay? First, before we do anything, let me
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋จผ์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
06:51
read it to you so in case you can't see it clearly.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์–ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
"Great changes require a powerful hand to guide them and push them forward. Governments
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"์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์†์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ
07:01
have the power and influence of the law to support them. Moreover, they have access to
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์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ
07:06
means with which to enforce the law and punish offenders. Individuals and corporations that
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๋ฒ•์„ ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…
07:13
pollute our air and waters will not stop doing so as long as they can profit from this action
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฌผ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:20
and do not fear consequences. A steel producer, for instance, will not cease dumping waste
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:26
in a nearby river if it does not affect its bottom line. Taxing this company, on the other
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. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
07:32
hand, might make it change its way of doing business. Yet, it is this very question of
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์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
07:38
costs that limits anyone but the government to act against pollution."
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์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณตํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:43
Okay, here's my paragraph. First of all, let me back up a little bit. My essay, what is
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฑ์—…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜ ์—์„ธ์ด,
07:49
my essay about? General topic: pollution. What is the question? Who is responsible to
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๋‚˜์˜ ์—์„ธ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ฃผ์ œ: ์˜ค์—ผ. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ์น  ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
07:56
fix it? I say government is responsible to fix it. I suggested three reasons in my introduction:
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? ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ์น  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„œ๋ก ์—์„œ
08:04
power, cost, credibility. Okay? This is my first body paragraph. I listed three reasons:
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ํž˜, ๋น„์šฉ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
08:12
power, cost, credibility. My first paragraph will also be my first reason mentioned.
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ํž˜, ๋น„์šฉ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ. ๋‚ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
I mentioned power in my introduction, I will talk about power in my first paragraph. Okay?
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์„œ๋ก ์—์„œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ฒซ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
08:24
So first of all, I have my indent, okay? I prefer indent, some people prefer spacing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„ , ๋‚ด ๋“ค์—ฌ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋“ค์—ฌ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„์–ด์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
But to be honest, figure out what style guide your professor or your company or whoever
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€
08:39
is asking you to use. There is MLA, APA, Chicago Manual of Style, each of them will tell you
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. MLA, APA, Chicago Manual of Style์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด
08:47
how to do this; to indent or to leave a line, etc., capitalization. Style guides are actually
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ค์—ฌ์“ฐ๊ธฐ, ํ•œ ์ค„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ, ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž. ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
08:54
very good sources of learning English. Very boring books, but very useful books.
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์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ฑ….
08:59
Okay. Oh sorry, let me just mention also: OWL, OWL at Perdue is a very good website;
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. OWL, Perdue์˜ OWL์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
lots of information to help you with writing. Okay, so I have my indent. Now, "Great changes
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์ž‘์„ฑ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„, ๋‚ด ๋“ค์—ฌ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ "์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋Š”
09:13
require a powerful hand to guide them and push them forward." Have I said anything here?
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์ด๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์†์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:19
No. All I did was talk about change because that's what my general topic of the essay
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์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค. ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์—์„ธ์ด์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:23
is, and power because that's my first focus, I'm going to talk about the power. Okay? Very,
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. ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์€ ์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ดˆ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์•„์ฃผ
09:31
very general. "Governments have the power and influence of the law", so now here we
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์•„์ฃผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘
09:38
go, I had... Where'd I go? "Powerful" and I'm still talking about power. I'm connecting
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ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”... ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ”์ฃ ? "๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
the two sentences. Next, I introduce a new idea: "the law". Much
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๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ "๋ฒ•๋ฅ "์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›จ์”ฌ
09:48
more specific. Where does their power come from? It comes from the law. "...influence
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๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํž˜์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "...
09:53
of the law to support them. Moreover," now, I'm not going to a new idea; I'm adding to
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€," ์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
this idea that I just mentioned. "...they have access to means" - means ways of doing
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "...๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" - ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:07
things - "with which to enforce the law". So here, again, another idea. Enforce means
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- "๋ฒ•์„ ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด". ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Enforce๋Š”
10:13
put into effect, make sure that it actually happens. "...enforce the law and punish offenders."
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์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "...๋ฒ•์„ ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค."
10:21
So they have the power of the law, with this power they can enforce and punish. Everything,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ถŒํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ,
10:27
I'm connecting everything to everything. Offenders, now here I'm talking about offenders.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž, ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
"Individuals and corporations that pollute", these are the offenders. So one sentence flows
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"๊ณตํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…" ์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
10:39
into the next sentence, into the next sentence. "...pollute our air and waters will not stop
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "...์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์€
10:45
doing so as long as they can profit". Okay? So here's my next idea. They will not stop
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์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
polluting because we're still talking about pollution. Okay? They will not, as long as
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
10:56
they can profit, as long as they're making money. Why do people pollute? Because it pays
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์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ, ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์™œ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฐ€?
11:00
to pollute. "...action and do not fear consequences." So they don't fear punishment and the law
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์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "...ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜•๋ฒŒ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฒ•๋„
11:07
doesn't scare them. Okay? And again, we're still talking about pollution.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋‘๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
"A steel producer, for instance," I'm introducing an example. Okay? If you can introduce a real
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"์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด"๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
11:19
example like the name of the steel company, even better. But I don't want to offend anyone;
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์ฒ ๊ฐ•ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
I'm keeping it a little bit more general. "The steel producer will not cease", now before...
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ „์— ...
11:32
Here's the word "stop", I don't want to use the word "stop" again. Why? Because I have
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ "๋ฉˆ์ถค"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฉˆ์ถค"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ?
11:37
other words. I have the word "cease", "cease" means "stop". Okay? Vocabulary variety very
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ค‘์ง€"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ "์ค‘์ง€"๋Š” "์ค‘์ง€"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์–ดํœ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ
11:44
important. "...will not cease dumping" - it means throwing in or throwing away - "waste
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์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "...ํˆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" - ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - "
11:50
in a nearby river" - waste, pollution, I'm still on the same topic - "...if it does not
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฐ•์— ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ" - ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ, ์˜ค์—ผ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - "...๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
11:55
affect its bottom line." Now I'm not sure if everybody knows what "bottom line" is,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ ." ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด "๊ฒฐ๋ก "์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
11:59
but "bottom line" basically means "profit". I'm still connecting the ideas using different
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"๊ฒฐ๋ก "์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ "์ด์ต"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:05
words. "Taxing this company", so taxing is a form
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. "์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๊ณผ์„ธ" ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณผ์„ธ๋Š”
12:12
of punishment for companies especially. "Taxing this company, on the other hand," - so now
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ํŠนํžˆ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด" - ์ด์ œ
12:18
I'm giving the other side of the situation - "might make it change its way of doing business."
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์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์„ค๋ช… ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
Again, what is business? Business is all about making money, costs. "Yet, it is this very
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
12:32
question of costs" - and I'm connecting it. Where? Sorry, to business - "that limits anyone
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๋น„์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์–ด๋””? ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
12:38
but the government to act against pollution." I bring it right back to government acting
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์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œํ•œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:44
against pollution. This is my overall thesis: governments must act to stop pollution. Right?
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
12:51
So remember: the paragraph, everything must connect to itself, but the paragraph must
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹จ๋ฝ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์€
12:56
connect to the essay, to the whole idea. Now, what else did I do here? I introduced the
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์—์„ธ์ด, ์ „์ฒด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:02
topic of "costs". What is my next paragraph going to be? Remember: I had three reasons
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"๋น„์šฉ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”: ์ €๋Š”
13:08
for thinking government must act; power, costs, credibility. My next paragraph is costs.
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํž˜, ๋น„์šฉ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
I've already introduced this idea, I've started the bridge. In the next paragraph, I will
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์—์„œ๋Š”
13:21
end the bridge, get into my new topic. Costs and power are two different ideas. One paragraph:
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ:
13:29
power, one paragraph: cost, one paragraph: credibility, and then of course your conclusion.
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ํž˜, ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ: ๋น„์šฉ, ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ: ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
Okay? So you have all these things, everything connects, sentence variety. Make sure that
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
you're sticking to one topic, make sure you're preparing the reader for the next topic, and
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…์ž๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:46
make sure that everything connects to the overall idea of the essay. Okay?
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—์„ธ์ด์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
13:52
If you need some more help with this and you have some more questions, go to www.engvid.com.
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์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์›€์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋” ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:58
You can leave me a comment and I will get back to you. There will also be a little bit
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
14:01
of a quiz there to make sure you understand all this. Excuse me. And don't forget to go
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:06
to YouTube and subscribe to my channel. And of course, come back, see me again. Thank you.
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YouTube๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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