English Grammar - Comparing: funner & faster or more fun & more fast?

217,563 views ใƒป 2013-09-09

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi, again. I'm Adam. Welcome to www.engvid.com. Today's lesson is very common I think -
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ใพใŸไผšใฃใŸใญใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
00:09
a very popular question. I get asked this all the time by students who are learning English:
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ใ€‚ ็ง ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅญฆ็”ŸใŸใก
00:15
when to use "-er", when to use "more" when we are comparing things, for example with
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ-erใ€ใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟใ† ในใใ‹ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใชใฉใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจใ€ใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟใ†ในใใ‹ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚่žใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™
00:20
adjectives. When do I say "better", for example, or "happier" or "more expensive"? How do you
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅนธใ›ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ไพกใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹?
00:28
know which one to use? Okay? So it's very, very simple, okay? We're going to look at
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:33
syllables. To use "-er", we use -- sorry. We use "-er"
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ-erใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ -- ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:42
with words that have one or two syllables. We use "more" with words that have two or
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒ 1 ใคใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใ€Œ-erใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ ใŒ 2 ใคไปฅไธŠใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใ€Œmoreใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
00:47
more syllables. Now, before I explain that, what are syllables?
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎๅ‰ใซ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
00:52
"Syllables" are vowel sounds in a word, okay? They're not the number of vowels; they're
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ใ€Œ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€ใจใฏใ€ไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใˆใฐๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๆ•ฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
01:01
the number of vowel sounds. But first, what is a "vowel"?
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ใ€Œๆฏ้Ÿณใ€ใจใฏ๏ผŸ
01:06
Just in case you're not familiar: A, E, I, O, U; these are the vowels in English. Consonants
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ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซๅ‚™ใˆใฆ: Aใ€Eใ€Iใ€Oใ€ U; ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅญ้Ÿณ
01:15
are B, C, D, F, G, and so on. Keep in mind "Y" is a consonant even though it sounds often
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ใฏใ€Bใ€Cใ€Dใ€Fใ€G ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒYใ€ ใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
01:28
like a vowel. Okay, so back to syllables. So these are the
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
01:33
vowel sounds. So for example, the word "cat". How many vowel sounds are in the word "cat"?
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็Œซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็Œซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใซใฏๆฏ้ŸณใŒใ„ใใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
01:41
One: "ah" -- "cat". Keep in mind -- here's another one-syllable word: "leak". Two vowels,
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1ใค: ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ -- ใ€Œ็Œซใ€ใ€‚ ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ -- ใ“ใ“ใซ ๅˆฅใฎ 1 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: "leak". 2ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€
01:50
one vowel sound, "leak", "eeee", okay? Can you think of a two-syllable word? How
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1ๆฏ้Ÿณใ€ใ€Œๆผใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไบŒ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:59
do you feel right now? I bet you feel "happy". I'm sure you feel happy because you're watching
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ไปŠใฎๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅนธใ›ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซใชใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
02:05
www.engvid.com, right? "Happy". The two vowel sounds: "ha", "py" -- sorry. My mistake. "Hap",
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ใญ๏ผŸ "ๅนธใ›"ใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎ ๆฏ้Ÿณ: ใ€Œใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ”ใƒผใ€ -- ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
02:15
"py", "ah", "eeee", okay? How about a three-vowel sound word? How about
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ใฏใฃใ€ใ€Œใดใƒผใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ€ใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„๏ผŸ ไธ‰ๆฏ้Ÿณใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:25
three syllables? "Beautiful". Sorry. I'm not having the best day spelling today. "Beau",
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ไธ‰้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ "็พŽใ—ใ„"ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:35
"ti", "ful". Three syllables. How about four? "Ex", "cep", "tio", "nal"
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"็พŽใ—ใ„"ใ€‚ ไธ‰้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€‚ 4ใคใใ‚‰ใ„๏ผŸ ใ€ŒExใ€ใ€ใ€Œcepใ€ใ€ใ€Œtioใ€ใ€ใ€Œnalใ€
02:48
-- "exceptional". Great. Very good. Okay. One more -- five. Very common word: "International".
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-- ใ€Œไพ‹ๅค–็š„ใ€ใ€‚ ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ€5 ใคใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่จ€่‘‰๏ผšใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒŠใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒซใ€ใ€‚
03:07
Can you divide them up into the syllables? Try it. "In", "ter", "na", "tio", "nal" -- "international",
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ”ใจใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒซใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใƒŠใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใƒŠใƒซใ€ใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒŠใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒซใ€ใ€
03:16
five syllables. So now, here we go back. We see one or two
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ไบ”้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 1 ใคใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎ
03:20
syllables or two or more syllables. So now, you're thinking, "Okay, well if I have a two-syllable
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ† ่€ƒใˆ
03:27
word, I still don't know which one to use, right?" Well, here is the answer. One or two
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ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ็ญ”ใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 1 ใคใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎ
03:32
syllables: If the word ends in "Y" -- I'll put it here. Sorry about the mess. If the
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€: ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ€ŒYใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:42
word ends in "Y", use "-er". So "happy" -- if you want to compare two things; who's happier?
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ€ŒYใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ-erใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ ใงใ™-2ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:50
Me or my friend? Then you drop the "Y"; then you put "ier". "Happier". Okay?
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็งใพใŸใฏ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€ŒYใ€ใ‚’ใƒ‰ใƒญใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œierใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจๅนธใ›ใซใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:59
If the word -- the two-syllable word -- ends in a consonant, okay, then you use "more".
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ๅ˜่ชž (2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชž) ใŒๅญ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œmoreใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:07
Okay? So "gentle" is technically a two-syllable word, but it ends in a vowel, so "gentler".
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใƒซใ€ใฏๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎ ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใƒซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:18
I'll think of an example of a consonant-ending word.
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ๅญ้Ÿณ่ชžๅฐพใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
04:22
Now, there are, of course, exceptions. "Good" does not take "-er" or "more". "Good" becomes
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไพ‹ๅค–ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "Good" ใฏ "-er" ใ‚„ "more" ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่‰ฏใ„ใ€ใฏ
04:29
"better". "Bad" becomes "worse". "Far" becomes "farther". I'll write this one down. "Far"
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ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ใฏใ€Œๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ ใใ€ใŒใ€Œ้ ใใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ ใใ€
04:44
becomes "farther", so you have the extra addition here. "Much" becomes "more". "Little" becomes
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ใŒใ€Œ้ ใใ€ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใซไฝ™ๅˆ†ใช่ฟฝๅŠ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใŒใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใŒ
04:52
"less", okay? Now -- oh, I put it twice. Sorry. Now, "fun" is a one-syllable word, but you
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ไปŠ-ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’2ๅ›žๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€ใฏ 1 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’
05:02
will never hear anybody say "funner". Why? Because it sounds like "funnier". So this
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่žใใ“ใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ใใฎๆ–นใŒใ€Œ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ€ใจๆ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
05:08
is an exception. We usually say "more fun". Now here's an example of a two-syllable word
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ใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใฃใจๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅญ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ 2 ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ
05:15
that ends in a consonant, so you think "cleverer". Now, some people will say "cleverer", but
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็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
05:22
because of the "r-r" ending, it's a little bit hard to say, so many people will say "more
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ใ€Œ่ณขใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ชžๅฐพใŒใ€Œr-rใ€ใชใฎใงใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่จ€ใ„ใซใใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ่ณขใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใŒๅคšใ„
05:29
clever". "He is more clever than she is", okay? For example. I still can't think of
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ญใŒใ„ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚ ๅญ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฏใพใ ๆ€ใ„ใคใใพใ›ใ‚“
05:39
a word that ends in a consonant. "Feather". No. That's not -- it's a noun; I can't use
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ใ€‚ "ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚ถใƒผ"ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›
05:45
that. Okay. It'll come to me. I'll put it on the comments on www.engvid.com.
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซๆฅใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ www.engvid.comใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:50
And if you want to practice more of these, go to www.engvid.com. There's a quiz there,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใฏใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒ
05:55
and you can practice these and come back, and we'll do some more lessons. So don't forget
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆๆˆปใฃใฆใ ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:59
to check out my YouTube page and subscribe. See you then.
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็งใฎYouTubeใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ—ใฆ่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„. ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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