Business English Vocabulary: The Stock Market

469,123 views ใƒป 2015-07-14

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi again. I'm Adam. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. Today we're going to look at some business
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ใพใŸไผšใฃใŸใญใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใฎ็ดนไป‹ใจใจใ‚‚ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:06
English, with an introduction to investing. Now, what is investing? Investing is putting
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ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใจใฏ
00:12
your money someplace with the hope that more money will come back to you later. Okay? So
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ใ€ๅพŒใงใŠ้‡‘ใŒๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’้ ใ‘ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎ
00:19
it's making money over time. Many ways to do it, but today we're going to look more
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใ„ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ดใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
00:24
specifically at the stock market. Now, before we begin to look at the stock market, we need
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€ๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
00:31
to know all the different words that you will find in the stock market discussion.
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ใ„ใๅ‰ใซใ€ๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ดใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใงๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:37
Of course, we have to look at "stocks". So: "stocks" and "shares". Now, many people get
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œๆ ชใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œๆ ชใ€ใจใ€Œๆ ชใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ
00:44
confused: what is a stock? What is a share? Realistically, these are basically the same
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ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผšๆ ชๅผใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚ขใจใฏ๏ผŸ ็พๅฎŸ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅŒใ˜
00:49
thing, but subtle differences between the two. So, when a company decides that it wants
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€2 ใคใฎๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไผๆฅญใŒ
00:56
to make money, so it can expand its business, it wants to raise capital. "Capital", it's
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ไบ‹ๆฅญใ‚’ๆ‹กๅคง ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅˆฉ็›Šใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใŸใ„ใจๅˆคๆ–ญใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€่ณ‡ๆœฌใ‚’่ชฟ้”ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ณ‡ๆœฌใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œ
01:03
a big word, there's lots of meanings to it. We're going to look at that a different time.
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ใฏๅคงใใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใพใŸๅˆฅใฎๆฉŸไผšใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
But for our case, "capital" means money. They want to make money, they want to raise capital
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ่ณ‡ๆœฌใ€ใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใŽใŸใ„ใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๆˆ้•ทใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ณ‡้‡‘ใ‚’่ชฟ้”ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™
01:11
so they can grow their business. So what they do is they sell stock. Stock is a partial
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆ ชใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ ชๅผใฏใ€ไผš็คพใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†็š„ใช
01:17
ownership of the company. So when you buy stock, you get a piece of paper, you get a
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ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆจฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ ชๅผใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็ด™ๅˆ‡ใ‚ŒใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎไผš็คพใฎ
01:22
certificate that says that you own part of this company. And because you own part of
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ไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™่จผๆ˜Žๆ›ธใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ไผš็คพใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
01:27
the company, you have certain rights. You can make... You can vote for changes, you
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ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆจฉๅˆฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™... ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅค‰ๅŒ–ใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไผš็คพใŒใ™ในใ
01:32
can vote for things that the company should do.
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ใ“ใจใซๆŠ•็ฅจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™.
01:35
Now, what is a share? A share is an equal piece of the stock. So, for example, a company
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ทใ‚งใ‚ขใจใฏ๏ผŸ ๆ ชๅผใฏๆ ชๅผใฎๅ‡็ญ‰ใช้ƒจๅˆ† ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไผๆฅญ
01:43
sells $100 worth of stock. That's the full amount of the ownership that the company makes
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ใŒ 100 ใƒ‰ใƒซ็›ธๅฝ“ใฎๆ ชใ‚’่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ไผš็คพใŒไธ€่ˆฌใซๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆจฉใฎๅ…จ้ก
01:52
available to the public. Now, this stock, this total amount, they divide into 100 shares.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ ชใ€ใ“ใฎ ็ท้กใ‚’ใ€100ๆ ชใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:03
Okay? So you buy as many shares as you want of this stock. So because you have 100 shares,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ ชๅผใฎๅฟ…่ฆใชๆ•ฐใฎๆ ชๅผใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ 100 ๆ ชใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง
02:11
the full stock is $100. Each share is, of course, $1. You buy 10 shares, that mean...
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ใ€ๆ ชๅ…จไฝ“ใฏ 100 ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€1 ๆ ชใฏ 1 ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€10 ๆ ชใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹
02:18
That means you're buying 10% of the available stock. You're buying $10 worth of shares.
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ใจใ€ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใชๆ ชๅผใฎ 10% ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ10ใƒ‰ใƒซ็›ธๅฝ“ใฎๆ ชใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:25
Now, you own stock, you own shares in the company. In that case, it's the same thing.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ ชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไผš็คพใฎๆ ชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:30
Now, when you talk about stocks, you can say: "I own stocks."
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ ชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ ชใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:35
So let's go to this word quickly: "portfolio". Your portfolio is the collection of your investments.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒชใ‚ชใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใ™ใใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ใƒใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒชใ‚ชใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆŠ•่ณ‡ใฎใ‚ณใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
02:42
You may have stocks, you may have mutual funds, you may have bonds, you may have commodities,
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ๆ ชๅผใ€ๆŠ•่ณ‡ไฟก่จ—ใ€ ๅ‚ตๅˆธใ€ๅ•†ๅ“ใ€
02:47
you may have real estate. You may have all kinds of different investments. If part of
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ไธๅ‹•็”ฃใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ ็จฎ้กžใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
your portfolio is stocks, you say: "I have some stocks." It means I can have five company's
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒชใ‚ชใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒๆ ชๅผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ ชๅผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŒ 5 ็คพใฎๆ ชๅผใ‚’ไฟๆœ‰ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
02:58
stocks. But when you say: "I have shares", then you have shares of a company. Okay? I
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไผš็คพใฎๆ ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็ง
03:05
have stocks in 10 different companies. I have shares... I have 10% or I have 100 shares
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ใฏ10็คพใฎๆ ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆ ชๅผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™... ็งใฏใ“ใฎไผš็คพใฎ 10% ใพใŸใฏ 100 ๆ ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏ
03:12
in this company, I have 50 shares in that company, I have 2,000 shares in that company.
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ใใฎ ไผš็คพใซ 50 ๆ ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใใฎไผš็คพใซ 2,000 ๆ ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:18
But all together, you have stock. Okay?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ™ในใฆไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ๅœจๅบซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:21
So it's a total amount of the companies that you own.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไผš็คพใฎๅˆ่จˆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:24
Now, if you want to buy stocks or trade stocks, if you want to buy and sell your shares, you
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็พๅœจใ€ๆ ชใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ ชใ‚’ๅ–ๅผ•ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ— ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ ชใ‚’ๅฃฒ่ฒทใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
03:30
can contact a "stockbroker". Okay? A broker is somebody who deals with trades; buys, sells
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ ชๅผไปฒ่ฒทไบบใ€ใซ้€ฃ็ตกใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใƒ–ใƒญใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใจใฏ ใ€ๅ–ๅผ•ใ‚’่กŒใ†ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
03:38
stocks on the stock market. These days, you can just go online and find a "brokerage"
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ๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ดใงๆ ชๅผใ‚’ๅฃฒ่ฒทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใงใฏใ€ ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใซ
03:47
which is a website or a company that lets you buy and sell your own stocks and shares.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ ชใ‚„ๆ ชใ‚’ๅฃฒ่ฒทใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใพใŸใฏไผš็คพใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œ่จผๅˆธไผš็คพใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:52
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:53
Next: we have "IPO", this is "Initial Public Offering". Sorry I'm a little bit off line,
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ๆฌกใฏใ€ŒIPOใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œๆ–ฐ่ฆๆ ชๅผๅ…ฌ้–‹ ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—่„ฑ็ทšใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„
04:05
here. When a company decides: "Okay, we need to make more money. We need to raise capital.
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไผš็คพใŒๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ:ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ใ‚‚ใฃใจใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚่ณ‡ๆœฌใ‚’่ชฟ้”
04:11
We need to sell some stock of our company." So the first time that they sell this stock,
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ไผš็คพใฎๆ ชใ‚’ใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ๅฃฒๅดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใฎๆ ชใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใฆ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
04:17
there's a big event, you know, like it's a big promotion, they have to market it, they
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ใ€ๅคง่ฆๆจกใชใƒ—ใƒญใƒขใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅคงใใชใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅฃฒใ‚Š่พผใฟใ‚’ใ—
04:22
have to tell the public: "Look, we're going to sell stock. Get ready." This is the initial
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ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ." ๅˆ
04:27
public offering. The first time that they sell stock. We actually don't say: "Sell".
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ๅ…ฌๅ‹Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆ ชใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅˆใ‚ใฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œๅฃฒใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:32
They don't sell stock; they issue stock. And then the stock brokerage or the stockbrokers,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ ชใ‚’ๅฃฒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ ชๅผใ‚’็™บ่กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ ชๅผไปฒ่ฒทไบบใพใŸใฏๆ ชๅผไปฒ่ฒทไบบใŒ
04:38
they buy and sell the stock.
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ใ€ๆ ชๅผใ‚’ๅฃฒ่ฒทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:41
Next: "ROI". This is a very important thing to consider. "Return On Investment".
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ๆฌก๏ผšใ€ŒROIใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่€ƒๆ…ฎใ™ในใ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ "ๆŠ•่ณ‡ๅŽ็›Š็Ž‡"ใ€‚
04:51
Before you buy anything, before you invest your money in anything,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€
04:54
you always have to consider your ROI.
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ๅธธใซ ROI ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:57
How much money do you hope to get back? How much money do you think you will get back?
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ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๆˆปใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ„ใใ‚‰ใฎ ใŠ้‡‘ใŒๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:03
Because at the end of the day, a stock market is a gamble. There's high-risk and there's
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็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ด ใฏใ‚ฎใƒฃใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใฎ้ซ˜ใ„
05:08
low-risk companies. Your return on investment, obviously, you're hoping to make money. You
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ไผš็คพใจใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใฎไฝŽใ„ไผš็คพใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŠ•่ณ‡ๅŽ็›Š็Ž‡ใฏใ€ ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
05:14
hope to get a positive yield.
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ใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใฎๅˆฉๅ›žใ‚Šใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:17
A "yield" is basically the percentage gain that you will make on your investment. So,
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ใ€Œๅˆฉๅ›žใ‚Šใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ ็š„ใซใ€ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅˆฉ็›Šใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
05:25
how much did you get back? What was your yield? Oh, 5%. It means if you sold... If you bought
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ใ„ใใ‚‰่ฟ”ใฃใฆใใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŽ็ฉซใฏใ„ใใ‚‰ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€5๏ผ…ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฃฒใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ...
05:32
$100 worth, and then you sold it for $105, your yield was 5%. Your return on investment
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100 ใƒ‰ใƒซ็›ธๅฝ“ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใ€105 ใƒ‰ใƒซใงๅฃฒๅดใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅˆฉๅ›žใ‚Šใฏ 5% ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆŠ•่ณ‡ๅŽ็›Š็Ž‡
05:40
was $5. Okay? So that's how we talk about the money that you make from your investment.
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ใฏ 5 ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:48
Now, you can also buy "bonds". Bonds are different from stocks. A bond is a debt. You are buying
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œๅ‚ตๅˆธใ€ใ‚‚่ณผๅ…ฅใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ‚ตๅˆธใฏ ๆ ชๅผใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‚ตๅˆธใฏ่ฒ ๅ‚ตใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ€Ÿ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒทใฃ
05:56
a debt. Basically, what you are doing is you are lending money to a company or the government.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ไผๆฅญใ‚„ๆ”ฟๅบœใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:02
You can buy government bonds or corporate bonds. And what you're doing, you're lending
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ๅ›ฝๅ‚ตใ‚„็คพๅ‚ตใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
06:07
them money, and they guarantee you-the company or the government-guarantee you a certain
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ™ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€ไผš็คพ ใพใŸใฏๆ”ฟๅบœใŒใ€ไธ€ๅฎšใฎๅˆฉ็Ž‡ใจไธ€ๅฎšใฎๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’ไฟ่จผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฟ่จผใ—ใพใ™
06:13
percentage of interest and a certain amount of time. So if you buy a five-year bond at
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€7% ใฎ 5 ๅนดๅ‚ตใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹
06:20
7%, at the end of the five years, you get your money back plus your 7% interest that
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ใจใ€5 ๅนดใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใซๅ…ƒ้‡‘ใจ 7% ใฎๅˆฉๆฏใŒ่ฟ”ใฃใฆใใพใ™
06:26
you earned. So it's guaranteed. It's a bit safer. We're not going to talk about safe
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงไฟ่จผใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ— ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใงใ™ใ€‚
06:32
and unsafe, because there's a lot of junk bonds, there's a lot of bad bonds. But generally
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใƒœใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚„ใƒใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒœใƒณใƒ‰ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ‹ๅฑ้™บใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ
06:36
speaking, bonds are very safe, but they're also... Have a low yield. Because they are
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่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅ‚ตๅˆธใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฎ‰ๅ…จ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅˆฉๅ›žใ‚ŠใŒไฝŽใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
06:42
guaranteed, the return is a bit lower. You could make some investments with a very high
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ไฟ่จผใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒชใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ไฝŽใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„ๅˆฉๅ›žใ‚Šใงใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
06:47
yield, but very high risk. Okay? "Risk" means the danger of losing, as opposed to gaining.
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ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใใ€ๅคฑใ†ใ“ใจใฎๅฑ้™บใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:56
Now, you can also buy "mutual funds". A mutual fund is a... Basically, it's a company that
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ŒๆŠ•่ณ‡ไฟก่จ—ใ€ใ‚‚่ฒทใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒŸใƒฅใƒผใƒใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซ ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒ‰ใจใฏ... ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็ฎก็†ใ™ใ‚‹ไผš็คพใงใ™
07:04
manages your money. So you put money into this mutual fund, the mutual fund manager
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎใƒŸใƒฅใƒผใƒใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒ‰ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใจใ€ใƒŸใƒฅใƒผใƒใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒ‰ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผ
07:11
will then take your money, plus this guy's money, and that guy's money, and that woman's
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ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŠ้‡‘ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็”ทใฎ ใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ‚ใฎ็”ทใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ‚ใฎๅฅณๆ€งใฎ
07:15
money, and that lady's money - he will take all this money and he will buy what he thinks
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใฎๅฅณๆ€งใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™-ๅฝผใฏ ใ“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ๅฝผ
07:20
are good investments; stocks, bonds, commodities, equities, all kinds of things into one group
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ใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ ชๅผใ€ๅ‚ตๅˆธใ€ใ‚ณใƒขใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ€ ๆ ชๅผใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใพใจใ‚ใฆ
07:28
and everybody gets their share. Okay? So, when the entire group of investments goes
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ใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅˆ†ใ‘ๅ‰ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ
07:34
up, each member of the mutual fund gets his or her return on investment, their yield.
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ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒŸใƒฅใƒผใƒใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒ‰ใฎๅ„ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฏใ€ ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅŽ็›Šใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅˆฉๅ›žใ‚Šใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:41
"Portfolio" we already talked about.
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ใ™ใงใซใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒˆใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒชใ‚ชใ€ ใ€‚
07:43
Now, when we're talking about the actual stock market, these days, there's a lot of "volatility"
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ดใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ดใซใฏๅคšใใฎใ€Œใƒœใƒฉใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃ
07:50
in the stock market. Volatility is the sense of excitement or nervousness that enters the
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ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒœใƒฉใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใจใฏ ใ€ๆ–น็จ‹ๅผใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹่ˆˆๅฅฎใ‚„็ทŠๅผตๆ„Ÿใฎใ“ใจ
07:57
equation. So people, they hear a bit of bad news from this part of the world, they get
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€… ใฏใ€ไธ–็•Œใฎใ“ใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ‚ชใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่žใ
08:03
nervous because they think that will affect their stock, and they start selling all their
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ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ ชใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆ็ฅž็ตŒ่ณช ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ ชใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚
08:07
stock. So their stock price or their shares go down in value. So then other people, they
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆ ชไพกใ‚„ ๆ ชใฎไพกๅ€คใฏไธ‹ใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไป–ใฎไบบ
08:15
say: "Oh my god, everybody's selling this. I better sell mine, too." So they start selling.
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใจใ ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฃฒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚็งใ‚‚ๅฃฒใฃใŸๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใ€ ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฃฒใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:19
And then the smart people, they see: "Oh, everybody's selling. I'll wait until it gets
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ใใ—ใฆ่ณขใ„ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใฟใ‚“ใชๅฃฒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฎ‰ใใชใ‚‹ใพใงๅพ…ใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰
08:23
really low, and then I'll start buying everything for really cheap because I know it will go
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ใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅฎ‰ใ่ฒทใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ…ƒใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
08:26
back up." So volatility is more like the mood of the investors. And people get scared, they
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒœใƒฉใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒชใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฏๆŠ•่ณ‡ๅฎถใฎๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใซไผผใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏๆ€–ใŒใฃใฆ
08:33
sell. People are stay calm, they buy. Okay? So it creates a lot of "fluctuation".
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ๅฃฒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใฏ่ฝใก็€ใ„ใฆใ€่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎใ€Œใ‚†ใ‚‰ใŽใ€ใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:41
A lot of fluctuation in the market. Fluctuation is the up and down movement.
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็›ธๅ ดใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ใŒๆฟ€ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚†ใ‚‰ใŽใจใฏไธŠไธ‹ใฎๅ‹•ใใงใ™ใ€‚
08:46
So stocks go up, they go down, they go up, they go down. Something that is steady,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ ชใฏไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€ไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹ใ€ไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ€ ไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅฎ‰ๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€
08:51
goes up steadily or goes down steadily. If it's up and down, it fluctuates.
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็€ๅฎŸใซไธŠๆ˜‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใพใŸใฏ็€ๅฎŸใซไธ‹้™ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ไธŠไธ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅค‰ๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:56
Okay? This is a very good word for all kinds of situations.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใซ้žๅธธใซ้ฉใ—ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:01
Now, there are two types of market activity. There is a "bear market" and there is a "bull
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅธ‚ๅ ดๆดปๅ‹•ใซใฏ2ใคใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅผฑๆฐ—็›ธๅ ดใ€ใจใ€Œๅผทๆฐ—
09:08
market". The easiest way to think about these is to look at the animals themselves. A bear
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็›ธๅ ดใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒžใซ
09:14
has claws, so when a bear uses his claws, he's pulling everything down. So a bear market
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ใฏ็ˆชใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ฏใƒžใŒ็ˆชใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใใฏ ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅผ•ใฃๅผตใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅผฑๆฐ—
09:21
is a market that is tending downwards, that is losing value. A bull has horns, so when
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ๅธ‚ๅ ดใจใฏใ€ไธ‹่ฝๅ‚พๅ‘ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅธ‚ๅ ดใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ไพกๅ€คใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅธ‚ๅ ดใงใ™ใ€‚ ้›„็‰›ใซใฏ่ง’ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้›„็‰›
09:27
a bull uses its horns, it's pushing things up. So a bull market means the value of the
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ใŒ่ง’ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจ็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒ ๆŠผใ—ไธŠใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅผทๆฐ—็›ธๅ ดใจใฏใ€ๅธ‚ๅ ดใฎไพกๅ€คใŒ
09:33
market is going up. Usually it means there's a bit of a force, like something is making
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ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ
09:38
it go down, that's the bear; something is making it go up, that's the bull. Something
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ‹ใ‚ใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ฏใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅผทๆฐ—ใ ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹
09:42
is pushing it up.
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ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ไธŠใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:44
Now, if you want to know how the markets are doing, you could look at any specific "index"
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅธ‚ๅ ดใฎๅ‹•ๅ‘ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใ€ŒๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
09:48
or "indices". This is the plural of "index". Now, I know many of you have heard of the
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅคšใใฏใ“ใ“ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใง
09:54
DOW Jones, or the NASDAQ, or the S&P 500, or the TSX here in Toronto. These are indices.
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DOW Jonesใ€NASDAQใ€S&P 500ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ TSX ใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆŒ‡ๆจ™ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:03
Okay? An index means that the stock market took a group, a collection of companies...
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใจใฏใ€ๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ด ใŒใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šไผๆฅญใฎ้›†ใพใ‚Šใ‚’ใจใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
10:10
It's not necessarily random; they have a reason to choose these companies. But they look at
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...ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ใƒฉใƒณใƒ€ใƒ ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไผๆฅญใ‚’้ธใถ็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
10:16
all these companies, as a whole: are these companies going up in value or are they going
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎไผๆฅญใ‚’ๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ไผๆฅญใฎไพกๅ€คใฏไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
10:21
down in value? So if the index is trending up, that means that the whole market is generally
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ไธ‹ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใŒไธŠๆ˜‡ๅ‚พๅ‘ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅธ‚ๅ ดๅ…จไฝ“ใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ
10:26
doing pretty well. If the index is going down, that means the market is going down as well.
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆŒ‡ๆ•ฐใŒไธ‹ใŒใฃ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅธ‚ๅ ดใ‚‚ไธ‹ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:32
This is... This gives you an idea of how the market is trending. So in a bear market, the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ... ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ๅธ‚ๅ ดใฎๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅผฑๆฐ—็›ธๅ ดใงใฏใ€
10:39
index will probably start moving down; in a bull market, the index will start moving up. Okay.
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ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใไธ‹่ฝใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅผทๆฐ— ็›ธๅ ดใงใฏใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒ‡ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใฏไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:45
Now, if you're a conservative investor, it means you don't like to take big risks. You
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฟๅฎˆ็š„ใชๆŠ•่ณ‡ๅฎถใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅคงใใชใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ†’ใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:51
want to put your money in, you want to be sure money comes back. It doesn't have to
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ„ใ€ ใŠ้‡‘ใŒๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅคง้‡‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
10:54
be big money, but it has to be more than what you put in. So then you would buy "blue chip
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ใŒๆŠ•ๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎไปฅไธŠใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅ„ช่‰ฏ
11:00
stocks". A blue chicks... A blue chip stock is owning stock in a company that is big,
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ๆ ชใ€ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ„ช่‰ฏๆ ช ใจใฏใ€ๅคงใใ
11:09
that is trusted, that has a long history of doing well, of growing. For example, if you
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ใ€ไฟก้ ผใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๆฅญ็ธพใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใ€ๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใใŸ้•ทใ„ๆญดๅฒใ‚’ๆŒใคไผš็คพใฎๆ ชๅผใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
11:15
buy Microsoft or Apple, these are considered blue chip stocks. Why? Because they're big,
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Microsoft ใ‚„ Apple ใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ„ช่‰ฏๆ ชใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ ๅคงใใ„
11:21
they're stable. Over the... If you look at their history, they're generally going up
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ใฎใงๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ„ŸใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธŠ... ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆญดๅฒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„
11:25
for a long time. You can be sure that they will pay you a good return or that they will
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ใซ้•ทใ„้–“ไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่‰ฏใ„ใƒชใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ‹ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
11:31
pay dividends. "Dividends" are when they have the profits, they share the profits among
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้…ๅฝ“ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใจ็ขบไฟกใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใ€Œ้…ๅฝ“ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅˆฉ็›ŠใŒๅ‡บใŸใจใ ใซๆ ชไธปๅ…จๅ“กใงๅˆฉ็›Šใ‚’ๅˆ†้…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
11:37
all the stockholders. So, blue chip companies generally pay good dividends.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ„ช่‰ฏไผๆฅญใฏ้€šๅธธใ€้ซ˜ใ„้…ๅฝ“ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:44
Lastly, we have "equity". Equity is basically what you owe... Own. Sorry. Not what you owe.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œๅ…ฌๅนณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™... ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:51
What you own minus what you owe. Okay? So, for example, if you own a house, every part
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ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ๅผ•ใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฎถใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใใฎๅฎถใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ
11:58
of that house that you own is your equity. If you have a mortgage, if you're paying the
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้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณ‡็”ฃใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝๅฎ…ใƒญใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฏŽๆœˆ้Š€่กŒใซไฝๅฎ…ใƒญใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
12:03
bank every month to pay for your house, then you take the full house, minus the mortgage,
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝๅฎ…ใƒญใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ๅผ•ใ„ใŸไฝๅฎ…ใฎๅ…จ้กใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€
12:09
and whatever's left over - that is yours. You own it. That is your equity. So, when
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ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
12:15
you own stocks, that's part of your equity. So it's basically all your "net assets".
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ๆ ชๅผใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณ‡็”ฃใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ™ในใฆใ€Œ็ด”่ณ‡็”ฃใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:22
All your assets, everything you own, minus all your liabilities, everything that you owe
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณ‡็”ฃใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฒ ๅ‚ตใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ๅผ•ใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎ
12:27
somebody; all your debt. Okay?
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅ€Ÿ้‡‘ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:29
So now that we know all these words, we can start thinking about investing. And I say
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒ
12:36
"thinking" because you want to be very, very, very careful before you put your money somewhere.
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ใ€Œ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎ ใฏใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใฉใ“ใ‹ใซๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€้žๅธธใซใ€้žๅธธใซใ€้žๅธธใซๆ…Ž้‡ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:40
A stock market is not that much different from a casino. Okay? You can gain a lot of
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ๆ ชๅผๅธ‚ๅ ดใฏใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒŽใจๅคงๅทฎใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใใ“ใจใŒใงใ
12:46
money; you can lose a lot of money. Find out what you need to know, do a lot of research
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘
12:52
about the company you want to invest in, do a lot of research about the mutual fund manager.
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ใ€ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ—ใŸใ„ไผš็คพ ใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎ่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ใƒŸใƒฅใƒผใƒใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซ ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒ‰ ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎ่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:57
Is he or she good at what they do? Do they have a history of success?
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ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆˆๅŠŸใฎๆญดๅฒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:02
Then invest your money.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŠ•่ณ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:04
If you want to test your knowledge of these words, go to www.engvid.com. There's a quiz
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:09
there that you can try out. Ask questions in the comments section. And, of course, don't
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่ฉฆใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใง่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
13:15
forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, and come see us again. Bye.
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็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€็งใŸใกใซไผšใ„ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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