English Grammar - Inversion: "Had I known...", "Should you need..."

1,004,323 views ใƒป 2014-04-02

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi. Welcome again to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is about inversion. Now, what
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅ่ปขใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
00:08
does "inversion" mean? "Inversion" is when you change the order of something. Right?
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ใ€Œๅ่ปขใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ่ปขใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
00:12
So we're looking at grammar. Usually, you know in a sentence a subject comes first and
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ใใ“ใงใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ ๆ–‡็ซ ใงใฏไธป่ชžใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใฆใ€
00:18
then a verb. Today we're going to look at situations where that is reversed. Now, of
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ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้€†ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
course, I'm sure that you know that in questions: "Are you sure?" the verb comes before the
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉž
00:28
subject in all questions. That's what makes a question structure a question structure.
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ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงไธป่ชžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใŒ่ณชๅ•ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ณชๅ•ๆง‹้€ ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:34
However, there are other situations where we have this inversion, but we're looking
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ่ปขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
00:39
at a sentence; we're not looking at a question.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:42
Now, the thing to understand about inversions is that they are very particular. There are
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅ่ปขใซใคใ„ใฆ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ้žๅธธใซ็‰นๆฎŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:46
only a few expressions that you're going to use inversion with. You can't put them in
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ๅ่ปขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅผใฏใ”ใใ‚ใšใ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
00:51
just about... In just any sentence that you want. The examples that I've written on the
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... ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใฉใ‚“ใชๆ–‡ใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ็งใŒใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸไพ‹
00:56
board are the ones that you might read or that you might want to write. There are other
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชญใ‚€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๆ›ธใใŸใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใฏไป–ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
01:01
situations that use this, but unless you're writing poetry or artistic, creative novels
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ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€่ฉฉใ‚„่Šธ่ก“็š„ใงๅ‰ต้€ ็š„ใชๅฐ่ชฌใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€
01:09
- you don't need them and you don't really need to worry about them either. They're very
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ—ใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซ
01:13
rare. It's very rare you'll see them. It's very, very formal language style. And you'll
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ใพใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซใพใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ้žๅธธใซใ€้žๅธธใซๅฝขๅผ็š„ใช่จ€่ชžใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
01:19
recognize them, hopefully, when you do see them.
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ใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
01:22
So let's start here. When we have "not only". Generally speaking, when we have a sentence
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅฆๅฎš่ชžใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
01:28
that begins with a negative, we're going to have inversion, but especially when you have
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ใฏๅ่ปขใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็‰นใซ
01:32
"not only", you're going to have inversion. Okay?
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ใ€Œnot onlyใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏๅ่ปขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:35
"Not only did he", so there's your verb, there's your subject, there's your verb. Okay? We
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:41
have the helping verb, the auxiliary verb to start. "Not only did he win", and then
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅฝผใŒๅ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใง
01:48
we have the "but", "also" to go with "not only". This is like an expression that's fixed;
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ใชใใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใพใŸใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ›บๅฎšๅผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:52
you're always going to be looking at the same thing. "Not only did he win, but he also broke
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅ‹ใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
01:58
the record." Whatever. "Not only", inversion, "but also".
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ใ€่จ˜้Œฒใ‚‚็ ดใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ ใ‘ใง ใชใใ€ใ€ๅ่ปขใ€ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€‚
02:04
"Under no circumstances", this is another expression that you'll see regularly. And
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ใ€Œใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹็Šถๆณไธ‹ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ็›ฎใซ ใ™ใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
02:10
again, we're looking at the negative construction which is why we're looking at the inversion.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ๅ่ปขใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏใ€่ฒ ใฎๆง‹ๆˆใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:14
"Under no circumstances should you call her/call him."
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ใ€Œใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณ/ๅฝผใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“.ใ€
02:20
Okay? Whatever you do, don't call. "Under no circumstances". "Circumstances", basically
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ "ใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹ ็Šถๆณไธ‹ใง"ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็Šถๆณใ€ใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ
02:26
situation. In no situation should you call. In no situation, same idea. Okay?
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็Šถๆณใ€‚ ใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚“ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:35
Another negative: "nor". What is "nor"? Is the negative of "or". Okay? "Or", "nor". Again,
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ๅˆฅใฎๅฆๅฎš๏ผšใ€Œใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ€ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:45
many people don't use this word anymore; it's a little bit old-fashioned, a little bit high
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅคใ‚ใ‹ใ—ใใ€ใ‚„ใ‚„
02:50
formality level. But... "The mayor of Toronto refused to resign, nor
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ๆ ผๅผใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—... ใ€Œ ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆๅธ‚้•ทใฏ่พžไปปใ‚’ๆ‹’ๅฆใ—ใŸใ—ใ€
02:58
do we expect him to." Okay? So after "nor", we still have the inversion.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผใŒ่พžไปปใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“.ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ€Œnorใ€ใฎๅพŒใซใฏใ€ใพใ ๅ่ปขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:02
Verb, subject, verb. Verb, subject. Okay? I'm not sure if you know the mayor of Toronto,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธป่ชžใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆๅธ‚้•ทใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
03:09
he's very famous now. We're not very proud, but that's a whole other story.
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ๅฝผใฏไปŠใงใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆœ‰ๅใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ช‡ใ‚Šใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใฃใŸใๅˆฅใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
03:15
Next, so these are the three negatives. These two are also very similar. Again, very formal
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 3 ใคใฎใƒใ‚ฌใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ไบŒใคใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซๅฝขๅผ็š„ใช
03:21
style, but you might see it, you might want to use it in your essays or whatever.
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ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใชใฉใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:26
"Should you need any help, don't hesitate to call."
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€้ ๆ…ฎใชใ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
03:31
What does this mean? "Should you need", if you need. "Should" is just a more formal way
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏใ€
03:39
to say: "if". "If you need any help, don't hesitate to call.", "Should you need any help,
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ้ ๆ…ฎใชใ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆ
03:45
don't hesitate to call." Now, this is a verb, subject, verb. If we use: "if", then there's
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ใฏใ€้ ๆ…ฎใชใ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œifใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ•้กŒใฏใ‚ใ‚Š
03:51
no issue. Then you have "if" which is a conjunction, adverb, clause, conjunction, subject, verb.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€ๅฅใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œifใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
"Should" makes it verb, subject, verb.
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ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
"Had" is the same thing with the "if", but a different structure of the conditional,
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ใ€Œhadใ€ใฏใ€Œifใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๆกไปถใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ
04:05
a different "if" structure. "Had I known you were coming, I would have
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็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œifใ€ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใจ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ
04:10
changed." "If I had known", "If I had known you were
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ๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใซใ€ ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็Ÿฅใฃใฆ
04:19
coming", "Had I known", it's basically you're making the sentence a little bit shorter,
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ใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ ็š„ใซๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็Ÿญใ
04:23
a little more formal. You're starting with a verb, a subject, and another verb. Okay?
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:29
Past perfect, of course. So these are the conditionals, these are the no's.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏๆกไปถใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใƒŽใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
04:34
Now, we have the comparatives, when you're comparing something. When you're comparing
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎ ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฏพ่ฑกใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:40
an action, so you're using the clause marker: "as", not the preposition: "like". So:
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œlikeใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฅใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€Œasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
04:47
"John speaks Chinese, as does Lucy." Okay? "Lucy" is actually the subject, here's
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ "Lucy" ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
04:56
the verb, here's a subject. Now, I could put a period and put a new sentence. "So does
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ไธป่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไธป่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ€ใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ
05:04
Lucy." Same idea. "Lucy does as well." If I want the subject, verb order. But when you
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ใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒซใƒผใ‚ทใƒผใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ไธป่ชžใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใชใ‚‰ๅ‹•่ฉž้ †ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
05:12
start with "as", you're going to invert the order. This is a clause marker, adverb clause
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ใ€Œasใ€ใงๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ้ †ๅบใŒ้€†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹็ฏ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€
05:18
marker to compare.
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ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
05:21
"More important than love is money." Now, you're thinking: "Well, isn't love the
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ใ€Œๆ„›ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใŠ้‡‘ใŒๅคงไบ‹ใ€‚ใ€ ไปŠใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œใˆใฃใจใ€ๆ„›ใŒใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใฎ
05:28
subject?" No, "money" is the subject. "Money is more important than love." But again, style,
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๏ผŸใ€ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใŒไธป่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใฏ ๆ„›ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซ
05:37
you want to have it a little bit different... Different structure to impress the reader,
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ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™... ่ชญ่€…ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿๅ‹•ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆง‹้€ 
05:41
to make it a little bit different - you start with the comparative, and then the verb, and
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ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใพใ™ - ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฝขใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€
05:46
then the subject. Okay. Because then "love", this is an object in this situation.
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ใใ—ใฆไธป่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ใ€Œๆ„›ใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
05:52
Then we have a few expressions. "Here comes Jane."
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
05:57
Now, "here" is not a subject; "here" is here. Right? It's an... It's an adverb in this situation.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใ€ใฏไธป่ชžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใ€ใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ It's an... ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
06:04
"Jane comes here." Sounds a little strange, doesn't it? That's why we invert everything
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅ่ปขใ•ใ›
06:10
to make it a little bit more natural. "Here comes Jane." Here comes Jane.
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ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่‡ช็„ถใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:16
Then we have some expressions. Now, it looks like a question but we make it look like a
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ่ณชๅ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€
06:21
question to give it more emphasis, to give it more strength.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผท่ชฟใ—ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅผทๅŠ›ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€่ณชๅ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
"Man, is it cold out!" I'm not asking you: "Is it cold out?" No,
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ใ€ŒใŠใ„ใ€ๅฏ’ใ„ใฎใ‹๏ผใ€ ใ€Œๅค–ใฏๅฏ’ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆ
06:29
I know it's cold out. I'm telling you it's cold out and I'm telling you very strongly.
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ใ€ๅค–ใŒๅฏ’ใ„ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅค–ใฏๅฏ’ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซๅผทใ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:32
"Is it cold out.", "Man, am I hungry." It means: I am really hungry, but making it very
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ใ€Œๅค–ใฏๅฏ’ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใŠ่…นใ™ใ„ใŸ๏ผŸใ€ ใใ‚Œ ใฏๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
06:38
strong; we're making a point of emphasizing which is why we invert the subject and the
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ่ปขใ•ใ›ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„
06:44
verb. Okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:45
And, of course, you have your question. "Are you sure?"
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "ๆœฌๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
06:48
"Are you happy?", "Did he come?", "Did you see that?" Whatever the situation is.
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ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚“ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
06:55
So there you... You have it: inversion. It's not complicated. You have to just remember
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ... ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผšๅ่ปขใ€‚ ่ค‡้›‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:00
the particular structures that use inversion. When you see it, you'll understand what's
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ๅ่ปขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็†่งฃใงใใพใ™
07:04
going on; when you want to use it, here's your list. Pick one, write your sentence,
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ใ€‚ ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ใจใใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 1 ใค้ธใ‚“ใงใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ€
07:10
make it work.
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ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:11
Of course, go to www.engvid.com. We have a quiz there that you can practice these a little
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
07:16
bit more. And we'll see you again soon.
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ™ใใซใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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