English Grammar - UNLESS & IF NOT - negative conditional

699,162 views ใƒป 2013-04-26

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi, welcome again to www.EngVid.com . My name is Adam. Today's lesson is about "if not",
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€www.EngVid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ€
00:09
"unless", "as long as", "not". Actually, this is a lesson a few students have requested,
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ใ€Œใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้™ใ‚Šใ€ใ€ใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๅฐ‘ๆ•ฐใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
00:16
because a lot of people get confused with this word "unless". So that's going to be
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ ใ“ใฎใ€Œunlessใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
00:19
the focus of our lesson, although to understand this word "unless", you have to understand
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ใŒ็งใŸใกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ็„ฆ็‚นใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€Œunlessใ€ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซ
00:26
the "if not" conditional. That's called a "conditional phrase."
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œif notใ€ๆกไปถใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ€Œๆกไปถๅฅใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:35
Before we do anything, we need to make sure that everybody understands how to use the
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅ‰ใซใ€ๆกไปถใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:40
conditional. How to use an "if clause", because sometimes people get confused with this. Today
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œif ๅฅใ€ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–น ใ€‚ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅ
00:45
we're going to focus on a real conditional. Not the past, not the hypothetical, the unreal.
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ใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆกไปถใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใงใ‚‚ใ€ไปฎ่ชฌใงใ‚‚ใ€้ž็พๅฎŸใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:54
We're just going to focus on the real one, because all of this stuff applies to the other
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆ
00:58
ones, as well.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:59
So let's start. Before I look into the grammar of it, which is actually important, let me
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ้‡่ฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฟในใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
01:04
give you a sentence. Next week you have a test, and you come to me for advice as your
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ใ€ไธ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆฅ้€ฑใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆ็งใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆฅ
01:11
teacher, and what am I going to tell you.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
"If you don't study, you won't succeed." "If you study, you will succeed."
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ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ„ใจไธŠ้”ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚ŒใฐๆˆๅŠŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
01:20
Very simple, right? So first, we're going to look at how to structure this sentence,
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใพใšใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
because then I want to show you that "unless" basically means the same as "if not". Okay,
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œunlessใ€ใฏ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€Œif notใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ
01:32
so first, to make a real conditional sentence you have your "if". You have your subject.
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ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆกไปถๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆ ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œifใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธป้กŒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:39
You have your present verb, for example "or".
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ใ€ŒใพใŸใฏใ€ใชใฉใฎ็พๅœจใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:43
You have "if", subject, and your not present: "If you don't study," and then the second half.
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ใ€Œifใ€ใ€ไปถๅใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œnot presentใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒIf you don't studyใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅพŒๅŠใงใ™ใ€‚
01:51
Now, the second half could be positive or negative. The second half of the clause
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅพŒๅŠใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใพใŸใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:57
doesn't matter, according to what you have here. This will always be the same. It doesn't
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฅใฎๅพŒๅŠใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅธธใซๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:03
matter which clause you're beginning with, you're always going to end the same way, because
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ใฉใฎ็ฏ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
02:07
the meaning doesn't change, okay?
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
But we're going to get into more specifics. "If you study, you will succeed." "If you
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚ŒใฐๆˆๅŠŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ
02:19
don't study, you will fail." Or, "If you study, you will not fail." "If you don't study, you
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ„ใจ่ฝใกใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผท ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๅคฑๆ•—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—
02:30
will fail." The verb you use here defines which one of these you're going to use.
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ใชใ„ใจ่ฝใกใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎš็พฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:35
So this is not important. This doesn't change. What we're going to focus on is here. Now
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง
02:41
the most important thing to remember is that "unless" basically means "if not". You'll
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ€Œunlessใ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€Œif notใ€ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:51
notice here I have a positive verb. I have a negative verb. We're also going
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ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŒ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฆๅฎšๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸ
02:57
to look at "as long as", or "as long as not", positive and negative.
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ใ€ๆญฃใจ่ฒ ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:01
With "unless", you're only going to use a positive verb, okay? That's very important
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ใ€Œunlessใ€ใงใฏใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ—ใ‹ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ
03:08
to remember. "Unless you study, you will fail. Unless you study, you will not succeed." It's
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅคฑๆ•— ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚ŒใฐๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใชใ„ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ
03:19
all relative, and "as long as" means the exact same thing as the "if" or the "unless".
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ใ™ในใฆ็›ธๅฏพ็š„ใช ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ้™ใ‚Šใ€ใฏใ€Œifใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œunlessใ€ใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
"As long as you study, you will do well." "As long as you don't study, you won't do
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ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ„ใจๆˆ็ธพใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‰
03:33
well." Very simple. So "if not", "unless", "as long as", "not", basically all mean the
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ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œif notใ€ใ€ใ€Œunlessใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ้™ใ‚Šใ€ใ€ใ€Œnotใ€ใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ™ในใฆ
03:40
same thing. You just have to remember how to structure it, and the structure is almost
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงใ€ๆง‹้€ ใฏ
03:45
the same.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:46
What is the most important, do not use "unless" with "not." Then you have a double negative.
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œunlessใ€ ใ‚’ใ€Œnotใ€ใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ไบŒ้‡ๅฆๅฎšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:55
We all know from our beginner English classes we don't like double negatives, right? Okay,
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ๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ไบŒ้‡ๅฆๅฎšใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
04:00
good. Let's look at some examples of actual sentences to see how all of this works.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:06
Okay so here we have some sentences. Let's go through each one and I'll make the changes
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:11
to the negatives, as I go along.
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ใ€‚้€ฒใ‚€ใซใคใ‚Œใฆใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:14
"If you quit smoking," for all you smokers out there. "If you quit smoking, you will feel better."
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ๅ–ซ็…™่€…ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œ็ฆ็…™ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
04:21
"If" + subject + verb - will + verb, positive verb, etc. Or: "If you quit smoking, you won't
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ใ€ŒIfใ€ + ไธป่ชž + ๅ‹•่ฉž - will + ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€่‚ฏๅฎšๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฉ
04:30
feel bad." Now what happens if I introduce the negative into the first part?
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ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใƒใ‚ฌใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
04:37
"If you don't..." "If you don't quit smoking" what's going to happen? Or what will happen?
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ€Œ็ฆ็…™ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:47
"If you don't quit smoking, you'll feel better." Is that true? No. "If you don't quit smoking,
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ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ„ใจ
04:55
you'll feel bad." "If you don't quit smoking, you won't feel good."
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ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ„ใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
05:05
You made this the negative. You have to change the consequences. You have to change the condition
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:10
that will happen after this is met. This is the difference, right? "If you don't quit
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆบ€ใŸใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅพŒใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๆกไปถใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ„ใจ
05:15
smoking, you'll feel bad."
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ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:17
Let's look at this sentence. "Unless you quit smoking, you will feel bad." Now what's the
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ ใชใ„ใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ•ใฆ
05:24
difference between this sentence and this sentence with a "don't"? Nothing, it's the
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ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใจใ“ใฎ ๆ–‡ใฎใ€Œdon'tใ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
05:28
exact same. Here is the result: "If you don't quit smoking, you will feel bad."
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็ตๆžœใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ€Œ็ฆ็…™ใ—ใชใ„ใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:38
Bad and bad, do you understand what I'm saying? The "unless" is the same as, "if you don't".
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ๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œunlessใ€ใฏใ€Œif you don'tใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:45
This is what we have to remember here. This is the negative included in the word. Now
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใซๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
05:51
usually when there's a negative in a word, everybody can understand it. In the word "unless"
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้€šๅธธใ€ๅ˜่ชžใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œunlessใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏ
05:56
there's nothing to tell you it's a negative, except maybe the word "less," but not really,
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ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œlessใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ
06:01
right? So you have to be very careful to remember this means "if not". "Unless you quit smoking,
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ใญ? ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚
06:10
you won't feel good." You won't feel good.
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ใชใ„ใจๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:14
Same thing, but the "don't" and the "unless" go together, same meaning. "As long as you
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ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œใ—ใชใ„้™ใ‚Š ใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
06:21
smoke," now here I have the verb "smoke". Here I put "quit smoking". I went to the opposite
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ใŸใฐใ“ใ‚’ๅธใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œ็…™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ ใซใ€Œ็ฆ็…™ใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏๅๅฏพใฎ
06:28
verb, "smoke". "As long as you smoke, you will feel bad." "As long as you don't smoke", what
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ็…™ใ€ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ‚ใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€
06:39
is the consequence? "You will feel good."
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ใฎ็ตๆžœใฏ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€
06:45
What do you know, "don't" changes the consequence. "Don't" changes the consequence. "Unless"
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ไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ“ใจใง็ตๆžœใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใฏ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้™ใ‚Šใ€
06:51
is the consequence. We don't say, "Unless you don't quit smoking." It's a double negative.
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ใฏ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ฆ็…™ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไบŒ้‡ๅฆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚
06:58
It sounds very strange, it feels very strange. We don't use it. We go with this negative,
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚ฌใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ
07:03
and we have the matching consequence. "Consequence" basically means the result of the action.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไธ€่‡ดใ™ใ‚‹็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ตๆžœใ€ใจ ใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
Okay, I hope this is pretty clear. Anyway, go to www.EngVid.com . There's a quiz there.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ www.EngVid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
07:16
You can also ask me questions. Don't forget to check out the video on YouTube as well,
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็งใซ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ YouTube ใฎๅ‹•็”ปใ‚‚ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—
07:21
and subscribe to my channel, and I'll see you again real soon. Bye.
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ใฆใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒ ใ‚‚ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
07:26
Learn English for free www.engvid.com
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็„กๆ–™ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถ www.engvid.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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