Contractions in English - How to Sound More Natural and effortless

111,948 views ใƒป 2020-02-05

Accent's Way English with Hadar


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey, it's Hadar.
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ใƒใƒ€ใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:01
Welcome to my channel.
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็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:02
And today we're going to talk about contractions.
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ๅŽ็ธฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
'We're' gonna to talk about contractions.
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€้™ฃ็—›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:09
Contractions are often used in the language, especially spoken language.
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฏใ€่จ€่ชžใ€็‰นใซ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:14
So it is very likely for you to hear people saying something like, "We're super
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ
00:18
thrilled about that", rather than "We are super thrilled about that".
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ไบบใ€…ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„.
00:24
Or "Dan's not serious", instead of "Dan is not serious".
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณใฏ็œŸ้ข็›ฎใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Š ใซใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณใฏ็œŸ้ข็›ฎใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
00:31
Or "they aren't satisfied, instead of "they are not satisfied".
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:37
Both options are great, okay?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„
00:40
I want you to remember that, if you tend to say "they are not tired" instead of
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ใŒใกใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
00:46
"they aren't tired", that's okay.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€
00:48
You're clear, you're communicating, more power to you.
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00:52
But what I'm sharing here today with you is a way to reduce those words.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใง็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:59
Because these parts are a little less important in English.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:04
I mean, you don't really have to fully pronounce those words because they only
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็งใฏ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€
01:09
get you to what you really want to say, which is the verb and the noun and the
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ่ฉžใจ
01:14
actual message.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
01:16
And parts that are less important in English are totally reduced.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ใพใ‚Š้‡่ฆใงใชใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™.
01:21
"What do you want?"
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"What do you want?"
01:22
"What do you": 'whaddya', 'whaddya', 'whaddya', 'whaddya want'?
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"What do you": 'whaddya', 'whaddya', 'whaddya', 'whaddya want'?
01:26
So, contractions are a form of reductions where we reduce a word, and then we also
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฏใ€ ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ธฎ็ด„ใ—ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ
01:34
connect it to another word.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŽฅ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹็ธฎ็ด„ใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใซ.
01:37
It is very prevalent in spoken English, but you can also see it in writing.
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่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๆ›ธ้ขใงใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
01:41
You see the apostrophe that connects two words together: "I'll do it", and you
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2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใคใชใใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ :ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ
01:47
don't say "I will do it".
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่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“. ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹"ใ€‚
01:50
Now.
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ไปŠใ€‚ ้™ฃ็—›ใง
01:52
What's the most challenging part about contractions?
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ ?
01:56
Well, there are a few.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:58
One, is that we learn English through reading and writing, and we are usually
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1ใคใฏใ€่ชญใฟๆ›ธใใ‚’้€šใ˜ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€้€šๅธธใ€
02:04
used to seeing words written out separately.
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ๅ˜่ชžใŒ ๅˆฅใ€…ใซๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:08
"I am happy".
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"็งใฏๅนธใ›ใงใ™"ใ€‚
02:10
So, we're used to seeing these three words separately.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅˆฅใ€…ใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
And all of a sudden, to switch that into two words, that's confusing.
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ใใ—ใฆ็ช็„ถใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ 2 ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:18
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:19
It kinda like messes up our brain, "Wait, there are two words there.
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ใ€Œๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใใ“ใซใฏ2ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:23
How is it possible that it has become one?"
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ 1ใคใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ็งใŸใกใฎ่„ณใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:26
So that's one of the reasons.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็†็”ฑใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
02:28
Another reason is that non-native speakers tend to separate it because they think
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€้žใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ 2 ใคใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใŸใจใใซใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใปใ†ใŒ
02:36
they sound clearer - or more clear cause that's more clear - when speaking, when
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ๆ˜Ž็žญใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใช็†็”ฑใง ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆ†้›ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
02:44
they separated into two.
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ใ€‚
02:46
Cause something like "I'll", "we'll", "she'd" sounds to them unclear, like
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ใ€ŒI'llใ€ใ€ใ€Œwe'llใ€ใ€ ใ€Œshe'dใ€ใชใฉใฏใ€ใคใถใ‚„ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธๆ˜Ž็žญใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
02:50
they're mumbling.
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ใ€‚
02:51
Because such things don't happen in their native tongue.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:55
So this is something that they avoid because they feel, "Oh, it's just wrong",
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
03:00
or "It's a slang, it's street language", and then they avoid it.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใ ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒˆ ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฒใƒผใ‚ธใ ใ€ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™.
03:05
Instead of understanding that that's how people actually communicate.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ ไบบใ€…ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€‚
03:08
And you become more clear when you reduce the less important parts.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้‡่ฆๅบฆใฎไฝŽใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:12
It's not like that you start mumbling.
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ใคใถใ‚„ใใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:15
It's just that it helps you focus on what really matters.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจใ„ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:21
"She's really happy".
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:23
"She's really happy".
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:25
"happy", that's a stressed word.
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ใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:27
"She is really happy" doesn't have the same impact as "she's really happy".
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:34
"We're grateful for that" instead of "we are grateful for that".
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใใฎใ“ใจใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใฏ ใชใใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใใฎใ“ใจใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
03:38
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
03:39
Where are you kind of emphasize every single word and break it down.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆๅˆ†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
03:42
So, people think that they become unclear, but in fact it helps you sound more clear.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏไธๆ˜Ž็žญใซใชใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ˜Ž็ขบใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:47
Now, there is one thing that I want you to take into consideration here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไธ€ใคใ ใ‘่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:51
If, because of the patterns of your native tongue, when you reduce, you swallow
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ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใฎใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€้‚„ๅ…ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ
03:54
words, and then you swallow consonants.
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’้ฃฒใฟ่พผใฟใ€ๆฌกใซๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’้ฃฒใฟ่พผใ‚€ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
03:57
So for example, instead of saying, "I'll" you say "I", because you're not used to
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€ŒI'llใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ใ€ŒIใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ€
04:02
putting two continents together, then you first need to focus on pronouncing those
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2 ใคใฎๅคง้™ธใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ตถใˆ้–“ใชใ„ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:07
constantly clusters - in words and phrases and then in contractions.
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ€ๆฌกใซ ๅŽ็ธฎใ€‚
04:13
But avoid using contractions if it causes you to reduce words.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
04:18
First, make sure that you don't reduce continents because that would definitely
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ใพใšใ€ๅคง้™ธๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ•ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„
04:22
make you sound unclear and it's not worth it.
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ใชใไธๆ˜Ž็žญใซ่žใ“ใˆใ€ ไพกๅ€คใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:24
Right?
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04:24
It's not worth investing time into learning those contractions if it doesn't
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ†ใพใ
ใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ไพกๅ€คใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:29
serve you well.
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.
04:30
So, a way to do that is just to record yourself and to see if you actually
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’่จ˜้Œฒใ—ใฆใ€
04:35
pronounce all of those consonants, or you drop some of the consonants.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ๅญ้Ÿณใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
04:40
Because when it comes to contractions, we usually reduce the vowels and keep the
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ๅŽ็ธฎใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™
04:45
consonants.
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ใ€‚
04:47
Not always, but for the most part, we'll look into all of the examples really,
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ๅธธใซใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ™ใใซ ใ™ในใฆใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ™
04:51
really soon.
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ใ€‚
04:52
Sometimes non-native speakers tend to avoid contractions because they want to
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้žใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚„ๆ–‡ใฎ้‡่ฆใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’
04:57
buy time before having to say the important words in the phrase or in the
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่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ‰ใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็จผใŽใŸใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:01
sentence.
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ใ€‚
05:02
"I will...
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ...
05:04
what's the verb, what's the verb ...think about it".
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ ...่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€.
05:09
But here's the thing.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง
05:10
Whether you say "I will", taking your time here, or "I'll [pause] think about it", it
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใŠใ†ใŒใ€ ใ€Œ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใŠใ†ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
05:19
doesn't really matter.
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ๅคงใ—ใŸๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:20
It's better if you get used to using those contractions cause that sounds natural,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใฎไฝฟ็”จใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ€
05:27
and that helps you put the focus on what really matters.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™. ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบ
05:31
It really isn't about sounding all American because you don't have to sound
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ใ‚‰ใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ„ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
05:35
American.
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05:35
You can sound like yourself.
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ใ€‚
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
But by reducing parts that are a little less important, you really help yourself
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้‡่ฆใงใชใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใง ใ€
05:45
sound more clear.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚ขใชใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
And that's what matters, right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:48
So remember that taking a pause after a contraction, after you reduce two words
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใฆ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅพŒใซไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ‚‚
05:54
together, is okay.
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ๅ•้กŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:56
Don't worry about buying time or like, stretching out the sentence or pausing
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็จผใ„ใ ใ‚Šใ€ ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไผธใฐใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
06:01
between each word, so you'll be able to come up with the right word without
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ๅ„ๅ˜่ชžใฎ้–“ใงไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟƒ้…ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚่กŒใ่ฉฐใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
06:06
getting stuck.
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ใ€‚
06:07
Getting stuck is no big deal.
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็ซ‹ใกๅพ€็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅคงใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:09
I mean, the more you speak, the better it is.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ่ฉฑใ›ใฐ่ฉฑใ™ใปใฉ่‰ฏใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:11
The more fluent you are, the less you get stuck.
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ๆตๆšขใซใชใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ ่กŒใ่ฉฐใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใฆ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’้•ทใใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏ
06:15
You need to address it differently rather than, you know, elongating words that need
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ใชใใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:19
to be contracted and reduced.
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ใ€‚
06:21
I hope that makes sense.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:23
Anyway, let's dive deep into understanding how to use contractions.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ ็ธฎ็ด„ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๆทฑใ็†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:28
What we're going to do is we're going to look at the verbs, like all the 'am',
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็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎใ€Œamใ€ใ€
06:34
'is', 'are', 'will',
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ใ€Œisใ€ใ€ใ€Œareใ€ใ€ใ€Œwill
06:39
'would', et cetera, et cetera.
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ใ€ใ€ใ€Œwouldใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:41
And then we'll see how we reduce them, and how we connect them to different pronouns
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ€ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚„ๅ่ฉžใซๆŽฅ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
06:47
or nouns.
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.
06:48
And how it sounds when it's contracted.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽ็ธฎใ—ใŸใจใใฎ้Ÿณใ€‚
06:51
So I'm going to try and give you a system to practice and to follow.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ ๅฎŸ่ทตใ—ๅพ“ใ†ในใใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™. 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’
06:56
Once you understand how to reduce the second word, it doesn't matter what the
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ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€
07:00
first word is, you'll be able to apply it onto pretty much everything.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ™ในใฆใซ้ฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:06
And that's what we're going to see together.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒ ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:08
By the way, I've prepared for you a practice sheet with all of the
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€
07:12
contractions I've discussed in this video, along with an audio file where you can
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎๅŽ็ธฎใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใจใ€
07:16
practice it with me.
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹้Ÿณๅฃฐใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚คใƒซใ‚’็”จๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:18
So if you want to take it even further into practice even more, make sure you
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
07:22
download the practice sheet on how to pronounce all of those contractions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฎ็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:27
So what are we waiting for?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
07:29
Let's get started.
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ใ€‚
07:30
First, we're going to talk about the only form that has 'am', and that's 'I am'.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€ 'am' ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๅฝขๅผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ 'I am' ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:34
And
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ใใ—ใฆใ€
07:36
the 'am' reduces to 'm'.
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ใ€Œamใ€ใฏใ€Œmใ€ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:39
Basically, you reduce the vowel before.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‰ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:42
"I'm", "I'm", "I'm really happy about it".
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
07:46
"I'm".
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"ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏ"ใ€‚
07:47
So, what I'm doing here is I'm pronouncing it as 'aym'.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŒใ“ใ“ใงใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ 'aym' ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:49
'aym really happy about it'.
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅนธใ›ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š่ฉฑใ›ใฐใ€
07:54
I think that that's the stressed form, "aym happy about it", if you speak a
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใงใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅฝขใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
07:59
little slower.
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ใ€‚
08:00
But a lot of times I hear people, and I pronounced that myself as 'am'.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไบบใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่žใใฎใงใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฏใ€Œamใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:04
'am', 'am happy about it'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
08:06
If it's really reduced, then I want to stress the word "happy", am, am, am, am.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆธ›ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ ใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:12
That's how it's reduced.
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ใใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงๆธ›ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:13
"I'm happy about it".
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
08:14
I think it's even easier to think about it without that long diphthong in it.
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้•ทใ„ไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:19
It's not 'aym', it's much easier to just treat it as 'am'.
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'aym' ใงใฏใชใใ€ ๅ˜ใซ 'am' ใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ฑใ†ๆ–นใŒใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:23
And even though you may think that there is an 'ai' there, if you just pronounce it
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ใใ“ใซใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใŸใ ใ€Œ
08:27
as 'am', am', then you'll still be super clear.
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ใ‚ขใƒ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒ ใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ™ใ€‚
08:32
It's easy to pronounce and you'll deliver your message perfectly.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใ€ ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๅฎŒ็’งใซไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:36
"I'm happy about it".
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
08:38
I'm honest.
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็งใฏๆญฃ็›ดใงใ™ใ€‚
08:39
I am!
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็งใฏ๏ผ
08:40
Now, 'is' reduces to 'zzz'.
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็พๅœจใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใฏใ€Œzzzใ€ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:44
Notice it's a Z sound, it's not an S.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ Z ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€S ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚1
08:47
Except for one exception, but the word "is" ends with a Z sound, even though it's
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ใคใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆใ€ ใ€Œisใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใŒ S ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€Z ใฎ้Ÿณใง
08:53
spelled with an S.
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08:54
So is comes after "he", "she", and "it".
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็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œ ใใ‚Œ"ใ€‚
08:58
After "he": "heโ€™s"
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"he" ใฎๅพŒใซ: "he's"
09:02
- 'heez', "he's great", "he's working so hard".
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- ใ€Œheezใ€ใ€ใ€Œhe's greatใ€ใ€ ใ€Œhe's working so hardใ€.
09:08
"She is"
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€
09:12
- "she's" - 'sheez'.
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- ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ - ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒผใ‚บใ€ใ€‚
09:14
"She's crazy about it".
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚Œใซๅคขไธญใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
09:17
"She's", "she's".
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ ใ€ใ€‚
09:20
"It is" - "it's".
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใ€ - ใ€Œใใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
09:23
What happened here?
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ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:25
The Z sound became an S because the T is voiceless, so it affected the Z sound of
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TใŒ็„กๅฃฐใชใฎใงZใฎ้ŸณใฏSใซใชใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œisใ€ใฎZใฎ้Ÿณใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸ
09:32
the "is".
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ใ€‚
09:33
So the Z became an S.
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ZใŒSใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
09:35
"It's", "it's", "it's", "it's awful".
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ใ€‚
09:40
"It's horrible news.
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ใ€Œๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ ใ€‚
09:41
It's wonderful news".
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ ใ€.
09:43
Why be negative?
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใชใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏ๏ผŸ
09:44
"It's wonderful news!"
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ใ€Œ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ ๏ผใ€
09:46
So, pay attention.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:47
Don't go like this.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:49
Even though I say that "it is" is always, "it's", you'll hear a lot of times people
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ
09:54
saying "it-is", "it is one of the best restaurants in town".
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œ ็”บใงๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:58
"It is one of the best restaurants in town", especially if you emphasize something.
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็‰นใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ็”บใงๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
10:02
So, "he's", "she's", "it's".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:06
That's the reductions with "is".
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œisใ€ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹้‚„ๅ…ƒใงใ™ใ€‚
10:08
Now, let's move on to "are'.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œareใ€ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œareใ€ใฏ
10:11
"are" reduces to 'ir', 'ir'.
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ใ€Œirใ€ใ€ใ€Œirใ€ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:14
"you are"- 'you're', 'you're', 'y'r'.
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ใ€Œyou areใ€-ใ€Œyou'reใ€ใ€ใ€Œyou'reใ€ใ€ใ€Œy'rใ€
10:18
So, "you" reduces this to 'ya', "are" reduces to 'ur', together - 'y'r', 'y'r'.
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ใ€‚ " ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ 'ya' ใซใ€"are" ใ‚’ 'ur' ใซใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ - 'y'r', 'y'r'.
10:26
"They are" - 'they're', 'they're', 'their'.
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"they are" - 'they're', 'they're', 'their '.
10:32
And yes, it sounds like "their" as in "their company" or "over there".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไผš็คพใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ใใ“ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™.
10:37
All three words are pronounced the same.
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3ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ™ในใฆๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™.
10:39
"They are" - 'they're', 'they're'.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€-ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
10:41
"They're over there".
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€. 're over there". ใ€Œ
10:43
"They're".
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10:44
"We are" - 'we're', 'we're', 'weer/w'r'.
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10:48
So, basically it's a high E of the "we", and then you reduce it to an R: "we're",
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they'reใ€. ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ R ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™: "we're", "
10:54
"we're".
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we're".
10:55
"We're going to go there next year".
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"We're going to go there next year".
10:58
"We're going to go there next year".
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"We're going to go there next year".
10:59
However, when people speak fast and if you want to reduce it even more - "w'r going
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ้€Ÿใใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€"w'r going
11:04
to go there".
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to go there".
11:05
'w'r', 'w'r', 'w'r',
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'w'r', 'w'r', 'w'r',
11:06
And then it sounds just like the word "were", as in "we were".
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ ๅ˜่ชž "were" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ.
11:12
So "we are", and the word "were" may sound the same.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
11:16
No wonder English is confusing, and it's hard to understand.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๆททไนฑใ—ใ€ ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใ‚‚ไธๆ€่ญฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
11:20
This lesson is really good for comprehension as well.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็†่งฃๅŠ›ใซใ‚‚้žๅธธใซ้ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ .
11:23
Listening comprehension.
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ.
11:25
Again, "we are" - 'w'r', 'w'r', or 'we're',
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ - ' w'r'ใ€'w'r'ใ€ใพใŸใฏ 'we're' ใฏ
11:33
depends on the emphasis in the sentence.
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ๆ–‡ไธญใฎๅผท่ชฟใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:35
By the way, up until now, we only talked about pronouns, but the same reductions
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ไปŠใพใงใฏ ไปฃๅ่ฉžใฎ่ฉฑใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้‚„ๅ…ƒ
11:41
happen when we talk about nouns.
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ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
11:43
For example, I can say "he's a really good student", "he's a really good student".
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ„ใ„ ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ„ใ„ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:50
Or "Dan's a really good student".
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ„ช็ง€ใชๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€.
11:53
Instead of "he", I put "Dan" and then I still added the Z.
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ใ€Œheใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ŒDanใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ Z ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:58
"Dan's a really good student".
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ใ€ŒDan ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ„ช็ง€ใชๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
12:00
"Martha's an awesome teacher".
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ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€.
12:03
"Martha's an awesome teacher", instead of "Martha is an awesome teacher".
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ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€ ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
12:08
"Martha's", "Martha's".
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ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใ‚บใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใ‚บใ€ใ€‚
12:11
And yes, it does sound something like that belongs to Martha.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:18
#englishisconfusing.
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#่‹ฑ่ชžใฏ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
12:20
"Martha's an awesome teacher" - "Martha's students are really happy".
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ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ€- ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€.
12:28
"Dan's the student" - "Dan's students are happy".
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ใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใงใ™ใ€- ใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€.
12:34
I hope that makes sense.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:35
Let's look at the verb "will".
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œwillใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:37
Will becomes /'ll/.
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/'ll/ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:41
So, it's a schwa and a dark L.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใจๆš—ใ„ L ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงๅพŒใ‚ใซ็ทŠๅผตๆ„Ÿใ‚’
12:42
Make sure you kinda like create some tension here in the back: /'ll/.
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ไฝœใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ : /'ll/.
12:46
"I will" - "I'll", "I'll" - 'ayl'.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ - ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ - ใ€Œaylใ€ใ€‚
12:49
But same with "I'm", a lot of times you'll hear people just saying 'al', 'al', 'al
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ŒI'mใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œ alใ€ใ€ใ€Œalใ€ใ€ใ€Œal
12:54
call you later'.
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call you laterใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:56
'al'.
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12:56
Back open 'ah' sound for the "father", create some tension for the L: 'al', 'al',
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒซใ€ใ€‚
ใ€ŒใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใฎใ€Œใ‚ใƒผใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ…ƒใซๆˆปใ—ใ€ L ใฎ็ทŠๅผตๆ„Ÿใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™
13:02
'al think about it'.
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ใ€‚
13:04
'al call you later'.
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ใ€ŒๅพŒใง้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
13:05
'al do it'.
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
13:07
'al'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒซใ€ใ€‚
13:08
"She will" - "she'll", "she'll", 'sheel'.
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"She will" - "she'll", "she'll", 'sheel'.
13:12
High E and then just the dark L - "she'll", "she'll".
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High E ใฎใ‚ใจใฏใ€ Dark L ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œshe'llใ€ใ€ใ€Œshe'llใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:17
"She'll pay you back", "she'll pay you back".
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฟ”ๆธˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฟ”ๆธˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
13:20
But even here, you may hear people reducing it to 'sh'l', 'sh'l'.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œsh'lใ€ใ€ใ€Œsh'lใ€ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:24
'sh'l pay you back'.
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ใ€ŒใŠ่ฟ”ใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
13:26
It really depends on how fast people speak or where they put the emphasis on.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ ่ฉฑใ™้€Ÿๅบฆใ‚„ใฉใ“ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:31
'she'll' - 'sh'l'.
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'she'll' - 'sh'l'.
13:34
But you're less likely to hear "she will" - "she will pay you back", unless I'm
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฟ”ๆธˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€-ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฟ”ๆธˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:39
really like saying that explicitly: "she will pay you back, stop bugging her!
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13:45
She will!"
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13:46
By the way, when these words, "will", "have", "is", are used as the actual verb,
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€Œwillใ€ใ€ใ€Œ haveใ€ใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใฏใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
13:55
not as an auxiliary verb - auxiliary verb is when we use these words in addition to
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซๅŠ ใˆใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
14:00
another verb: "I will go", so "go" is the verb and "will" is the auxiliary verb.
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goใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œgoใ€ใŒ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€Œwillใ€ใŒๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
14:06
But when they function as a verb - "I will", "Will you be there?"
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
14:11
"I will" - then we can't use contractions here.
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"I will" - ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:16
"Will you be there?"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
14:17
"I'll" - not possible, okay?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ - ็„ก็†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:21
So you can only use contractions with auxiliary verbs.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฎใฟ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
14:24
You can't use them, especially when you respond to something with those contractions.
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็‰นใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใงไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฟœ็ญ”ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
14:30
Make sure that that's when they're separated.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅˆ†้›ขใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:33
Okay.
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14:33
High five.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใƒใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒใ€‚ ๆฌก
14:36
Let's move on.
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ใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:37
So we had "will", "I'll", "she'll", "we'll".
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œๆ„ๅฟ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:41
"They'll" - 'thell', 'thell', I can also reduce it to 'thell'.
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"they'll" - ใ€Œthellใ€ใ€ใ€Œthellใ€ใ€ ใ€Œthellใ€ใซ้‚„ๅ…ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:46
Or "they'll", put the full diphthong in, choose whatever works for you.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชไบŒ้‡ๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซๅˆใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
14:53
"We'll" - 'W'l', also, reduced.
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"We'll" - 'W'l' ใ‚‚็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
14:57
But the most important thing here is that you need to remember that the "will"
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ€Œwillใ€ใŒ
15:00
becomes /'ll/, and then we add it to the pronoun, and then the pronoun can also
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/'ll/ ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไปฃๅ่ฉžใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚‚
15:07
reduce a bit.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—็Ÿญ็ธฎใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
15:08
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
15:09
If it's a full noun, "Amy will" - "Amy'll do it for you", "Amy'll do it for you".
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ๅฎŒๅ…จๅ่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€"Amy will" - "Amy'll do it for you", "Amy'll do it for you".
15:17
Then we can't reduce the noun itself, only the auxiliary verb.
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ่ฉž่‡ชไฝ“ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:22
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
15:23
Only the second word that is reduced.
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ๅ‰Šๆธ›ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใฟใ€‚
15:25
"Would".
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ใ€Œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ€‚
15:27
Just turn it into a 'd', baby.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œdใ€ใซๅค‰ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใƒ™ใ‚คใƒ“ใƒผใ€‚
15:29
'd'.
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ใ€Œdใ€ใ€‚
15:30
"I would" - "I'd", "I'd".
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ - ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใ€‚
15:32
"She would" - "she'd", "he would"- "he'd", "we would" - "we'd".
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"She would" - "she'd", "he would"- "he'd", "we would" - "wed".
15:39
"Weโ€™d do it, for sure".
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ใ€Œใใฃใจใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
15:41
"We'd", "We'd".
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€‚
15:42
Or 'w'd', 'w'd', sometimes.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œw'dใ€ใ€ใ€Œw'dใ€ใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€‚
15:45
"W'd go there every single week".
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆฏŽ้€ฑใใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
15:47
Totally reduced it.
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ใพใ‚‹ใฃใจๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:49
"They would" - "they'd", "they'd", or 'thied', 'thied', 'thied'
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"they would" - "they'd", "they'd", ใพใŸใฏ 'thied', 'thied', 'thied'
15:55
- ''thied be there', 'thied be there'.
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- ''thied be there', 'thied be there'.
15:58
Instead of, "they would be there".
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€‚
16:01
Now, the secret to practicing it is to understand it, first of all.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹็ง˜่จฃใฏใ€ ใพใšใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
16:07
To understand the resistance and the rejection, why you wouldn't want to use it.
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ๆŠตๆŠ—ใจๆ‹’็ตถใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€ใชใœใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ€‚
16:12
"Wait, I feel like I'm unclear, but Hadar says you're clear, so maybe I should do it, still".
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ใ€Œๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€็งใฏใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒใƒ€ใƒผใƒซใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€.
16:18
Just make sure that you record yourself, and that you don't drop any consonants.
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’่จ˜้Œฒใ—ใ€ ๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฝใจใ•ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:22
So you've recognized the resistance, and you kind of like resolve it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆŠตๆŠ—ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:26
And then you need to practice it.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:28
The way to practice it is through repetition.
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็ทด็ฟ’ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:31
So take one of those contractions and then say it over and over and over and over
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŽ็ธฎใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚
16:35
again separately.
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ๅˆฅใ€…ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:36
Then within context, so start inventing a bunch of sentences.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใฎไธญใงใ€ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:40
These are usually simple sentences, so this shouldn't be too challenging for you.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใŸใ„ใฆใ„็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–‡ใชใฎใงใ€ ้›ฃใ—ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:44
And then just use it in context over and over again.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
16:49
Then you can be innovative and creative and look it up "YouGlish", or just google
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ๆฌกใซใ€้ฉๆ–ฐ็š„ใ‹ใคๅ‰ต้€ ็š„ใซ ใ€ŒYouGlishใ€ใ‚’ๆคœ็ดขใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
16:55
phrases with "she'd", right?
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ใ€Œshe'dใ€ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใงๆคœ็ดขใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
16:57
And then you have thousands and thousands of examples.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ๅƒใ‚‚ใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
17:01
Or you can download the practice sheet that I've prepared for you with examples.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€็งใŒ็”จๆ„ใ—ใŸใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซไป˜ใใฎ็ทด็ฟ’็”จใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
17:06
But you need more than that, and these are great ways and methods to do that on your own
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใง ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใจๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
17:13
because you can do so much on your own.
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ใ€‚
17:14
Okay, so we talked about what, what about "have", "have".
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:19
"I have" - "I've", so "have" turns into 'v' - "I've", "I've" [ayv/av].
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"I have" - "I've" ใชใฎใงใ€"have" ใฏ 'v' - "I've", "I've" [ayv/av] ใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:27
"We have" - "we've", or 'w'v' - 'w'v been thinking about it for years'.
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"We have" - "we've" ใพใŸใฏ 'w'v' - ใ€Œ ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ€.
17:33
'w'v', 'w'v' - 'we've', 'we've'.
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'w'v', 'w'v' - 'we've', 'we've'.
17:37
"They have"- "they've", "they've".
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"they have"- "they've", "they have".
17:40
"They've visited New York".
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
17:42
"You've been so kind to me".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡ใซใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
17:44
"You've", "you've", or 'y'v', 'y'v'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œy'vใ€ใ€ใ€Œy'vใ€ใ€‚
17:48
'y'v' been so kind to me', right?
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ใ€Œy'vใ€ใฏ็งใซใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
17:50
Notice how I emphasize the "so kind", and then the "you have" became nothing
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็งใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡ใ€ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:56
- 'y'v', 'y'v'. 'y'v been so kind to me'.
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ใ€Œy'vใ€ใ€ใ€Œy'vใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡ใงใ—ใŸใ€.
18:00
Thank you for being here watching my videos.
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
18:04
I'm grateful - 'am'.
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็งใฏๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ - ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€‚
18:06
By the way, when we discussed the word "have", "have" could also reduce to just a schwa.
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใซ้‚„ๅ…ƒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:12
So actually, without the V, just a schwa.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€V ใŒใชใ‘ใ‚ŒใฐใŸใ ใฎใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใงใ™ใ€‚
18:15
'I'v been there', 'I've been there so many times'.
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ใ€Œ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œ ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€
18:18
'I'v been there'.
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ใ€Œ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
18:19
'I'v', 'uh', 'uh' - that was the word "have".
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'I'v', 'uh', 'uh' - ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€ŒๆŒใคใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:23
I just swallowed it completely.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้ฃฒใฟ่พผใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
18:26
No wonder English is confusing.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ไธๆ€่ญฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:30
Hashtag.
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ใƒใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฟใ‚ฐใ€‚
18:32
I mean, it's a word that you don't even hear.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใ€ ่žใๆ…ฃใ‚Œใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:36
It's just an 'uh' sound, and you are supposed to assume that it's the word
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎใ€Œใˆใƒผใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ€
18:39
"have"?
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ใ€Œhaveใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:41
Well, yes.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:43
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
18:44
I hope this helps.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:45
"Has" becomes 'zzz', and yes, it does sound like "is".
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ใ€Œhasใ€ใฏใ€Œzzzใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œisใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
18:51
"She has" - "she's", "he has" - "he's".
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ - ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ€ - ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ€ใ€‚
18:57
"is" and "has", when it's contracted, sound the same.
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"is" ใจ "has" ใฏใ€ ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
19:01
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:02
So this is why you have to see it in context, always.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ ๅธธใซๆ–‡่„ˆใฎไธญใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
19:06
I know it's frustrating.
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็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:07
"It is", "it's".
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ใ€Œใงใ™ใ€ใ€Œใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
19:11
Let's talk about "was" and "were".
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ใ€Œใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ€Œใ ใฃใŸใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:13
When it comes to "was" the W needs to stay, thank God.
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ใ€Œใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€Wใฏใจใฉใพใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€็ฅžใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™.
19:17
So, all I do is reduce the vowel in the middle to a schwa" w'z, 'w'z. 'she w'z', 'he w'z', 'it w'z'.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ€w'zใ€'w'zใ€'she w'z'ใ€'he w'z'ใ€'it w'z' ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:26
When it comes to "were", the W stays - 'w'r', 'w'r', 'w'r'.
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ใ€Œwereใ€ใ€ W ใฏๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ - 'w'r'ใ€'w'r'ใ€'w'r'.
19:33
Yes, it does sound like "we are", we discussed it.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ ใ€Œwe areใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
19:35
Very good, you remember it.
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่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
19:37
So, here 'were' remains 'were'.
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. ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ 'were' ใฏ 'were' ใฎใพใพใงใ™ใ€‚
19:41
By the way, to pronounce it, start with the W, make sure that there is no vowel
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ใกใชใฟใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€W ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€้–“ใซ ๆฏ้ŸณใŒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใ€
19:45
in-between, and you pull the tongue in for the R. 'w'r', 'w'r'. Not 'wear'.
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R ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ˆŒใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่พผใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ w'r'. 'wear' ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
19:52
Very important to remember cause "wear" is "to wear clothes", or "where are you",
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'wear' ใฏ "to wear clothes" ใพใŸใฏ "where are you" ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
19:58
but here we are talking about 'w'r'. 'w'r', okay.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ 'w'r'. 'w'r', ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ.
20:04
"We were", "we were", you just need to say it really fast.
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้€Ÿใ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
20:08
I mean, I don't know how a person can reduce it even more. "they were", "they were", "they were",
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไบบใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„.ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
20:17
just swallow it and say it really queitly.
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20:21
"You were", " you were there?". 'You were, were, were'. "You were there?".
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ„ใŸใ€ใ ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€.
20:29
So, there is nothing really interesting about this. Except for the fact that you need to say it fast and softly.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ้€Ÿใ้™ใ‹ใซ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’้™คใ„ใฆ. ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„้ƒจๅˆ†
20:36
Let's talk about the really interesting part.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† .
20:39
What happens when we add to those auxiliary verbs the word "not".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ€Œnotใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:43
For example, let's take the sentence "she is not ready".
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:48
I could say "she's not ready" or "she isn't ready".
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
20:55
Both are okay, but when I choose the first option, "she's not ready", then it feels
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
21:04
like I'm emphasizing the word "not" a bit more.
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ใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:07
When I say "she isn't ready", I think the emphasis is more on the "ready".
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€็งใฏ ใ€Œๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใซ้‡็‚นใŒ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
21:12
"Isn't".
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ใ€Œใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
21:13
So let's talk about "isn't".
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:15
"Not" basically becomes /'n/.
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ใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ/'n/ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:21
It's an N sound, and then you stop it abruptly.
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N ใฎ้Ÿณใงใ€ ็ช็„ถๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:27
I want to say with a T, but it's not really a T.
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T ใง่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ T ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:29
You just stop it abruptly and that suggests that there is a T there.
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ๆ€ฅใซๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ ใใ“ใซ T ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:36
It's totally fine if you pop your T here - /'nt/.
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ใ“ใ“ใง T ใ‚’ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใพใฃใŸใๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ - /'nt/.
21:42
if it's easier for you, just do it.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:44
It doesn't really matter, you don't have to hold the T here.
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ใ“ใ“ใง T ใ‚’ๆŠผใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:47
And there are a lot of native speakers who actually pronounce it like that, "isn't".
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ€Œisn'tใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:52
Totally fine.
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ใพใฃใŸใๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:53
But if you want to challenge yourself, try using a held T after an N, which is
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ N ใฎๅพŒใซใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ T ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
21:59
basically 'nnn'.
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€Œnnnใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:02
You're releasing air through the nose, the tip of the tongue is touching the upper
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้ผปใ‹ใ‚‰็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅใๅ‡บใ—ใ€ ่ˆŒใฎๅ…ˆใŒไธŠๅฃ่“‹ใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
22:05
palate: 'nnn'.
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ใ€‚
22:07
And then you're blocking it abruptly, you're no longer releasing air.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็ช็„ถใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ็ฉบๆฐ—ใŒๆ”พๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:13
And that is the T.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ T ใงใ™
22:16
I know.
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ใ€‚
22:18
'nnn' - 'isn',
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ใ€Œnnnใ€ - ใ€Œใงใฏใชใ„ใ€
22:21
or 'isn't'.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
22:23
"are not" - 'aren', I held it here, or 'aren't'.
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ - ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใƒณใ€ใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใƒณใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:29
Both are fine.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎ้ผปใฎTใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆ
22:31
Don't psych yourself out trying to pronounce that nasal T.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
22:34
Do not, please, do not.
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ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹
22:35
I'm going to show both examples for those that that's easy for them.
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ใจใ—ใฆใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
22:39
But truly, choose one that works for you, and that's more than enough, if you are
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใซๅˆใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:46
changing from "are not" to "aren't", with a pop T, okay.
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ใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œ ใชใ„ใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒใƒƒใƒ— T ใงๅๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:53
"Isn'", "aren'",
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"isn'", "aren'",
22:56
"weren'" - "were not", "weren'",
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"weren'" - "were not", "weren'",
23:00
"wasn'".
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"wasn'".
23:02
"weren't" or "wasn't" - with a release T, that's okay too.
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ใ€Œweren'tใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œwasn'tใ€ - ใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚น T ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:07
"Have not" - "haven't", "has not" - "hasn't".
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ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€-ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€-ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
23:12
Right.
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23:12
So, it's the same pattern.
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ๅณใ€‚
ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ๅŒใ˜ใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œnotใ€ใฎ
23:15
Once you recognize how to pronounce the "not" - /n'/ or /n't/, then it doesn't
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็™บ้Ÿณๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ( /n'/ ใพใŸใฏ /n't/)ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ
23:20
matter what comes first.
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ๅ…ˆใงใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:22
Okay. As long as you reduce it.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™้™ใ‚Šใ€‚
23:23
But the secret is to practice it repetitively, over and over again cause
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ง˜่จฃใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
23:28
practice makes better.
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ใ€‚
23:30
Okay.
387
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
23:31
Then we have "will not".
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:34
That's a different story.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
23:36
Because we don't say 'willn't'.
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ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:38
I know you know that.
391
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:39
We say "won't", "won't".
392
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:43
A lot of times people avoid saying "won't", raise your hand if that's you,
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ ใ€Œใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใชใ‚‰ๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
23:47
because it sounds to them like "want" - WANT.
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ใ€‚
23:51
"Want", "I want something".
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ใ€Œๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€Œๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€‚
23:53
"I won't do it".
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
23:55
The secret is to put the W in.
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ใใฎ็ง˜ๅฏ†ใฏใ€W ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
23:58
In the word "won't" we have the long O is in "go".
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ใ€Œwon'tใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใ€ ใ€Œgoใ€ใฎ้•ทใ„ O ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:01
In the O as in "go" there is a W at the end - 'ow', right.
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O ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œgoใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ W ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œowใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
24:06
If you don't add in that W: 'wown't',
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ใใฎ W: 'wown't' ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€
24:11
with or without the T, it's going to sound like "want".
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T ใฎๆœ‰็„กใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ "want" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
24:15
And "want" already sounds like, you know, I desire, I want that.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใฏใ™ใงใซใ€ ใปใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
24:19
"Won't".
403
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ใ€Œใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
24:20
So that's the exception.
404
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ใใ‚Œใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:21
Practice it separately, and this one is important.
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ๅˆฅใ€…ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
24:24
So I do encourage you to practice it.
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ใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:27
And I have a video about "want versus won't" that you can check out.
407
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใใ‚‹ใ€Œใ—ใŸใ„vsใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ .
24:31
I'm going to put it in the show notes.
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็•ช็ต„ใƒกใƒขใซ่ผ‰ใ›ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
24:32
Then we have "did not" - "didn't", "didn't".
409
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ -ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:36
"didn't" - we have 'di' and then 'dn't', it's a D and then you release the air
410
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ใ€Œdidn'tใ€ - ใ€Œdiใ€ใจใ€Œdn'tใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ D ใงใ€้ผปใ‹ใ‚‰็ฉบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ”พๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™
24:44
through the nose.
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ใ€‚
24:45
That's technically the N.
412
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏ N ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:47
And then you stop it abruptly - that's the T at the end.
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€็ช็„ถๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ T ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:50
'didn'.
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ใ€Œใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
24:52
But it's totally fine to say, "didn't" or even "didn't".
415
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใพใฃใŸใๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
25:00
You'll be clear.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
25:01
Okay.
417
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25:01
So, totally cool.
418
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใซใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
25:04
Here are a few more.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:05
"Must not" - "musn't", I dropped the T of the "must" - "musn't".
420
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ใ€Œใ—ใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€-ใ€Œใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ ใ€-ใ€Œใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใฎTใ‚’่ฝใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:11
And "can not" - "can't", or "cannot".
421
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€-ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
25:17
So "cannot" is easy.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:18
People usually don't struggle with this one.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ Tใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€
25:21
People do struggle with "can't" because the T is barely noticeable.
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ไบบใ€…ใฏใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใจ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
25:27
And then it sounds like you're saying "can".
425
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
25:30
So if you are confronted with such situation, just say, "cannot".
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใซ็›ด้ขใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
25:35
Okay.
427
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
25:36
"I cannot take this in longer".
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
25:38
But, if you want to practice it, I have a video about it, remember that "can't"
429
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. "can't" ใฏ
25:44
always has the full vowel - the 'a' as in cat.
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ๅธธใซๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆฏ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ - cat ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ 'a'.
25:46
"can".
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"ใงใใ‚‹"ใ€‚
25:48
Even though the T is barely noticeable.
432
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Tใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€‚
25:50
Because the word "can", the positive form, is usually reduced to 'c'n'.
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่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œcanใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏ ใ€้€šๅธธใ€Œc'nใ€ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
25:54
'I c'n do it', 'c'n'.
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
25:56
And "can't" is never reduced.
435
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆๆธ›ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
25:59
So you can either say "cannot" or pop the T - "can't", if you feel that you are
436
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œcan'tใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใซใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ใจ ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œcan'tใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ€T - ใ€Œ
26:05
unclear when you're saying "can't".
437
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can'tใ€ใ‚’ใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
26:07
But trust the fact that if you pronounce the 'a' sound fully, you'll be understood.
438
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ€Œaใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€็†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†
26:12
And if not, you'll just say it again.
439
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ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:16
Okay, that's it.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ ใ€‚
26:17
I think I went through many contractions for you to practice, so that's enough for today.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅคšใใฎๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใง ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใใ‚Œใงๅๅˆ†ใงใ™.
26:22
Remember, first repetition makes all the difference.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŒ ใ™ในใฆใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็”Ÿใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
26:25
So repeat the contractions and then use it in context cause you got to use it
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
26:29
yourself in context.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:30
Don't just repeat other people's sentences.
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ไป–ไบบใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ใŸใ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ใฎใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
26:33
That's the first thing.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ฌฌ
26:34
Second thing, identify your priorities.
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ไบŒใซใ€ๅ„ชๅ…ˆ้ †ไฝใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:38
If this is a big struggle, think if it's really important for you right now to
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅคงใใช้—˜ไบ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
26:42
focus on it, even though I would love for you to watch my video over and over and
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็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•
26:46
over again.
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ๅบฆใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠใใ‚Œใซ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ
26:47
If you have more important things to deal with in terms of pronunciation, like your
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
26:52
R is completely unclear.
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R ใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใซไธๆ˜Ž็žญใงใ™ใ€‚
26:53
Or you're still reducing consonants when you're
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅญ้Ÿณใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๅญ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:56
speaking whenever there is a consonant cluster, that's more important.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
27:00
You've got to put your focus there.
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ใใ“ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:02
This is like, these are luxury problems, not using contractions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„่ด…ๆฒขใชๅ•้กŒใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
27:07
But if that's the case for you, use whatever I taught you here to improve your
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงๆ•™ใˆใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ในใฆไฝฟใฃใฆใ€
27:12
listening skills, your listening comprehension.
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ€ ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ็†่งฃๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
27:15
Because when you understand those contractions, it's so much easier to
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
27:20
understand phrases and sentences, and how people speak.
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ๅฅใ‚„ ๆ–‡็ซ ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฎ่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใšใฃใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:25
Because it can get confusing.
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ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:28
English is confusing.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฏใ‚„ใ‚„ใ“ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:29
But English is also awesome, and we love English.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
27:34
This is why we're here.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
27:35
And the fact that something is challenging is only a better reason for us to actually
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„็†็”ฑใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“
27:41
go through it and master it.
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.
27:45
Am I right or ...what?
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็งใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚...ไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
27:48
Okay.
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27:48
Let me know in the comments below, which one of all of the contractions that I've
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ็งใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎๅŽ็ธฎใฎไธญใงใ€
27:52
discussed is the most challenging one for you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹. ไป–ใซใ”ไธๆ˜Žใช
27:55
And if you have any other questions for me, please, please, please let me know in
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็‚นใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ ใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„
28:00
the comments below.
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28:00
Okay, that's it.
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ใ€‚
ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ ใ€‚
28:01
Thank you so much for watching.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:02
Please share this video with your friends if you liked it.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
28:05
And don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel so you'll get notified
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
28:09
whenever I share a new video with you.
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็งใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซ้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
28:13
Have a beautiful week, have a beautiful day, and I'll - contraction - see you in
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็พŽใ—ใ„ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’ใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
28:20
the next video.
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ใ€‚
28:21
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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