What's the Difference? PAST Continuous & PAST PERFECT Continuous ๐Ÿค”

1,536,706 views ใƒป 2021-03-25

mmmEnglish


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Oh hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” mmmEnglish์˜ Emma์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:04
Today's grammar lesson is an exciting one,
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
we're gonna practise the grammar that you need to
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:09
accurately tell stories in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ โ€‹โ€‹์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
We'll focus on two important past tenses,
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ
00:16
the past continuousย and the past perfect continuous.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Now what I really want to do is help you to understand
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:24
the difference between these two tenses,
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์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
when should you use the past continuous
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์–ธ์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ
00:30
andย when should you use the past perfect continuous?
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:34
That way we can help you to tell storiesย accurately and improve
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
your English grammar and as usual if you watch the lesson
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ํ‰์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ˆ˜์—…์„
00:42
through, I've got some questions to help you test your skills
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๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€
00:45
and to practise what you learn during thisย lesson
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00:47
which is super important.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
00:49
So let's dive in!
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์ด๋น™ํ•˜์ž!
00:56
So like I said, let's dive straightย in.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Why do we use the past continuous?
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์™œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜
01:04
We use it to say that an action was in progress atย a precise
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:08
moment in the past.
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.
01:10
What were you doing at 3pm on Friday?
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๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:14
I was washing my hair.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Now thisย tense is often used with the past simple tense
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
01:21
to talk about two past actions that took place atย the same time.
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Like I washed my hair.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์”ป์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ.
01:29
And the hot water ran out.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค.
01:32
So the longer action goes in theย past continuous tense and it's
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ๊ธด ๋™์ž‘์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ
01:37
interrupted by the short action in the past simple.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์งง์€ ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
I was washing myย hair when the water ran out.
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๋ฌผ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์˜
01:45
You're probably quite familiar with the structure of past continuous
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
01:50
sentences in English, right?
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?
01:52
In all continuous tenses, the auxiliary verb be is essential, right?
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ be๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Inย the past continuous, our auxiliary verb be becomes
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ be๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์—
02:05
was or were depending on the subject.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ was ๋˜๋Š” were๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
I wasย running.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
They were running.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Easy right?
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์‰ฝ์ฃ ?
02:14
Now let's compare that with the past perfect continuous.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:19
It's similar to the past continuous but rather than helping us
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:24
to show two actions taking placeย at the same time in the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
02:29
we can use the past perfect continuous to show that
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:32
one action was inย progress before a second action started.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
I had been doing the dishes when John arrived.
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John์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
I was doing theย dishes but I stopped doing them when John arrived
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ John์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:51
and I hadn't finished doing them yet.
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์•„์ง ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Right that action is still incomplete
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๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์•„์ง ๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ์ด๋ผ
02:58
so when John leaves, I'll probably have to finishย doing the dishes
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John์ด ๋– ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ
03:03
right I'll go back to that action.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—ฐ์†๋ฌธ๊ณผ๋Š”
03:05
Let's look at the structure for a minute becauseย it's obviously
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”
03:09
a little different from the past continuous sentence, isn't it?
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?
03:13
The past perfectย continuous sentence has
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์—ฐ์† ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š”
03:16
different auxiliary verbs.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Can you see them?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:22
Had and being followed byย our main verb in -ing form
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03:28
which is common for all continuous tenses.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์‹œ์ œ์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” -ing ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
I had been doing theย dishes.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
They had been waiting for a long time.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
She had been feeling unwell since lunchtime.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชธ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
03:43
Andย of course, for negative sentences, we just add not.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” not์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
I had not been doing the dishes. I hadn't beenย doing the dishes.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
I'm really just giving you a quick overview here because what we
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03:55
really want toย focus on today is when to use the past continuous
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
04:00
and when to use the past perfect continuous.
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์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Weย want to focus on the difference.
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์ฐจ์ด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ
04:04
If you want to study and to practise a bit more
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:07
with the pastย perfect continuous tense, I've got a whole lesson
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์ „๋‹ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:11
dedicated to it. It's right up there.
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. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
When itย comes to grammar, I've got your back, don't I?
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
04:20
I have a whole grammar playlist so it's worthย bookmarking it
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์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
04:25
so that you know where to find all of my grammar lessons
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๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ๋งˆํฌํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
when you needย to practise, right?
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:30
So let's compare them!
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค!
04:31
Taken at face value, the past continuous
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์•ก๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•
04:34
and theย past perfect continuous do seem pretty similar.
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๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ฝค ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
They both describe an ongoing or continuous action.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜
04:43
They both describe actions that took place in the past
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๋‹ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…
04:48
and they are both used a lot in combinationย with the simple past
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:53
but they aren't the same.
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๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
04:55
There are two main differences between the pastย continuous
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:58
and the past perfect continuous
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05:00
that I want to share with you today.
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.
05:02
And the first one is the order of the events in the past
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:06
in relation to each other.
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.
05:08
The past continuous expresses an actionย in progress
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€
05:12
at a particular moment in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
I was studying when the doorbell rang.
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์ดˆ์ธ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
So let'sย say that these two actions happened yesterday at 3pm.
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์ด ๋‘ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ด์ œ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
I was in the process ofย studying at that moment. At the same time,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์—
05:30
the doorbell rang at 3pm yesterday.
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์–ด์ œ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ์— ์ดˆ์ธ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
05:33
I was studyingย when the doorbell rang.
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์ดˆ์ธ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
We use when to join these two actions. It shows us that the two
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์ด ๋‘ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด when์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘
05:42
actions tookย place at the same time right
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ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ 
05:46
and the tenses give us information about
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์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
05:48
the nature of these actions.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
Studying is a long action, it's a continuing actionย ย 
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๊ณต๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธด ํ–‰๋™, ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™
05:56
but the doorbell ringing is a short action,ย right?
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ดˆ์ธ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์งง์€ ํ–‰๋™์ด์ฃ ?
05:59
Both actions happen at the same time but one action,
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๋‘ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…, ์ฆ‰
06:04
the short one, interrupts theย other one.
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์งง์€ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
The difference with the past perfect continuous
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ „์—
06:10
is that it expresses an actionย in progress
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:14
before a particular moment in the past.
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.
06:18
I had been studying when you arrived.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
So here I spent some time studying
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ข€ ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:25
and wasn't finished yet but later at some pointย the doorbell rang.
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์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ดˆ์ธ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
We can still use the conjunction when to join these actions
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
06:35
but we can also useย the conjunction before.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ „์—๋„ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
I had been studying before you arrived.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
Using when emphasises that the actionย was unfinished
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when์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:47
when the second action takes place.
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.
06:50
But using before emphasises that the firstย action started
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ before๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘์—…์ด
06:55
at an earlier point in time than the second action.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
Okay, but what was I doingย when the doorbell rang?
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ดˆ์ธ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:03
Was I studying?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด?
07:04
Well actually, we don't know.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
I might have been studyingย at that moment or I might not.
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Whether or not I was studying at that moment when the doorbell
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์ดˆ์ธ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๋Š”
07:15
rang isย not really important and this is a big difference
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
07:19
compared to the past continuous.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์—ฐ์†๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
What's importantย in this sentence is that the studying had started
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:27
and it wasn't finished yet.
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์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
So even if it wasn'tย necessarily in progress at the exact moment
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งง์€ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„
07:36
that the shorter action happened, when the doorbellย rang,
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์ดˆ์ธ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ 
07:40
it's in progress, right? It isn't complete.
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? ์™„์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Okay so listen up because what I'm about to tellย you is really
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
07:48
important. The idea of an action in progress
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. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
07:51
in the past perfect continuous, it'sย a little bit abstract
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ถ”์ƒ์ 
07:56
and by abstract, I mean that the progression of that action
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด
08:00
can go on forย many hours or days or even years.
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
So using this tense means that it isn't clear whether theย action
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:09
was actually happening at that exact moment.
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. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
08:14
I'm going to give you oneย more example to show you what I mean.
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์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
Julia was cooking when the guests arrived.
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์†๋‹˜์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ Julia๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Juliaย had been cooking for hours when the guests arrived.
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์†๋‹˜์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ Julia๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
So in this sentence Julia had to stopย what she was doing
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ Julia๋Š” ํ•˜๋˜ ์ผ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
08:30
and go to the door and let her guests in right.
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๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์†๋‹˜์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
The arrival of herย guests interrupted her
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์†๋‹˜์˜ ๋„์ฐฉ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ด
08:38
and interrupted her cooking
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:40
but in this sentence here Julia has startedย cooking
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ Julia๋Š”
08:44
probably long before the guests arrived.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์†๋‹˜์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
The food wasn't ready when they did arrive.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์Œ์‹์€ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Theย cooking was incomplete.
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์š”๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
So whether or not she was actually in the process of cooking
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
08:58
when her guestsย arrived at the door doesn't really matter.
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์†๋‹˜์ด ๋ฌธ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
It's not important.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
The fact is that the cooking wasn'tย complete
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์š”๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
09:08
so they didn't have anything to eat
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๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:10
so that means that while the past continuous showsย us
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
09:13
a long continuing action that is in progress
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ธด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:17
at a specific moment in the past,
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09:20
the past perfectย continuous shows us a long continuing action
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜• ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€
09:24
that isn't necessarily in progress at a specificย moment in past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
But the consequence of that action has an impact
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
09:34
on that specific moment in theย past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
The impact is that her guests are there
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์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์†๋‹˜์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:40
but there's no food to eat. She hasn't finished right
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๋จน์„ ์Œ์‹์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ
09:43
so that is the impact on that particular moment.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ํŠน์ • ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
Do you see the difference there?
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
09:49
Excellent.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ.
09:50
I'm goingย to come back to that point about the consequence
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:53
a little later on in this video but first, I wantย to point out that
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๋จผ์ €
09:57
when we're comparing the past continuous
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•
10:00
and the past perfect continuous, it is really important
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๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
to pay attention to how we talk about time in our sentences.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
10:09
If you are payingย close attention, you might have noticed
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์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:13
something that I've used in the past perfect continuousย sentences
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:17
but not in the past continuous ones.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
Julia was cooking when the telephone rang.
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์ „ํ™”๋ฒจ์ด ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Julia had been cooking for several hours
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Julia๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:29
but the meal still wasn't ready when her guestsย arrived.
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์†๋‹˜์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
So can you see what I'm talking about?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:36
It's a time reference.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
So in the past perfect continuous,ย we often specify a duration
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ
10:43
or a period of time of course, using our adverbs for and since,
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ for ๋ฐ Since๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:49
veryย common in the perfect tenses.
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.
10:52
And we do this to really emphasise the duration or the length
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:56
of that action.
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.
10:57
She had been studying since 7am.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ 7์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
Not: She was studying since 7am. That'sย incorrect.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ 7์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋‹ต์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
They had been cooking for hours.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
Not: They were cooking for hours.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
If you want toย reference time in the past continuous,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
11:17
you've got to be precise
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11:19
because it's a tense that shows usย an action in progress
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:23
at a specific moment in the past.
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.
11:26
At 3pm last Wednesday, Julia was cooking.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ์— Julia๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
It's really specific, right? Are you with me?
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์ •๋ง ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์ฃ ? ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด ๋ง ์ดํ•ด ํ–ˆ์–ด?
11:34
Great!
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ!
11:35
The other way that we can compare these tenses isย when
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ
11:39
we use them to express action and consequence.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
So both the past continuous and the past perfectย continuous
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘
11:47
can be used to give some context
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์–ด๋–ค ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณต
11:50
and express the result of an action.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
So that means thatย one action informs the state of another action.
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์ฆ‰, ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ฐ€
11:58
A past continuous action like it was raining
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๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—ฐ์† ๋™์ž‘์€
12:02
informs the state of a second action.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
We can say: It was raining so the ground was wet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ๋•…์ด ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
So theย result of the rain, the consequence of the rain
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋น„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
12:14
is that the ground was wet. Logical, right?
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๋•…์ด ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์ฃ ?
12:19
Why was the ground wet?
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์™œ ๋•…์ด ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:21
Because raindrops were falling from the skyย at that exact moment
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๋น—๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ
12:26
in time and they were making the ground wet.
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๋•…์„ ์ ์‹œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Okay so what changesย when we use
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋‚˜์š”
12:33
the past perfect continuous then?
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?
12:37
It had been raining so the groundย was wet.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ๋•…์ด ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Is it still raining?
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์•„์ง๋„ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:44
The rain has stopped but the consequenceย of the rain,
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๋น„๋Š” ๊ทธ์ณค์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ
12:48
the wet ground, that's important. That's explaining
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์ –์€ ๋•…์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:52
why the ground wasย wet.
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๋•…์ด ์ –์€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
I'll show you one more example.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
She was working hard and the presentationย was almost finished.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
So the action
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž‘์—…์€
13:03
is all the hard work right it's an actionย and it's still ongoing,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํž˜๋“  ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ 
13:07
it's still in progress.
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
The result of all of that hard work is that theย presentation is almost
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜
13:15
finished but not quite.
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๋๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
Now compare it to: She had been working veryย hard
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ณ 
13:23
and the presentation was finally done.
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
So the action is the same, hard work
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ํž˜๋“  ์ž‘์—…
13:30
but this time the action is complete.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
The work is finished right and the result of thatย completed work
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์ž‘์—…์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ณ  ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
13:39
is that the presentation is done.
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
Okay now it's your turn to put all of this intoย practice.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
We've got to get comfortable choosing between these tenses right
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒ
13:50
and deciding which isย the right one to use.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
So you're going to choose between the past continuous
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•
13:56
and the past perfectย continuous.
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๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์ค‘์—์„œ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
I'm going to give you a sentence.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
You'll see a verb that you need to use in brackets
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๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
but you'll need to put it in the right tense, all right?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”?
14:07
Here's a tip. Make sure you're lookingย out for those time references
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ํŒ ์ด์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”
14:11
and those adverbs.
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.
14:13
They're going to help you to choose theย right tense.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
I think they're a good clue.
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์ข‹์€ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
Write down your answers on a piece of paper or in the comments.
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๋‹ต์„ ์ข…์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์œผ์„ธ์š”. ์•„๋ž˜
14:35
You can check your answers by having a look at the description
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์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:39
below. I've leftย the correct answers there.
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. ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
So a huge shout out to all of you who made it through this lesson.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
I knowย that it's really hard to stay focused with grammar.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
Hopefully, you're feeling confident aboutย using these tenses
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ
14:55
and the good news is that there's some more practice coming
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:59
over theย next couple of weeks. I'm going to be sharing a quiz
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.
15:03
and some speaking practice that will helpย you to review these
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
15:07
tenses and help you to use them in context
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์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
15:10
and get comfortable with them.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ์™€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
Andย if you're ready to keep practising with me, check out
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:14
this video here or this one and of course, hitย subscribe.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
15:19
Make sure you subscribe to the channel, turn on notifications
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์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ผœ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์—
15:22
and share my lesson withย anyone that you think needs a little extra
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
15:26
help with their English grammar.
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.
15:28
That's it from me today.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
I will see you in the next lesson.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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