What is a GERUND? ๐Ÿ˜ฃ Confusing English Grammar

1,013,275 views ใƒป 2018-10-25

mmmEnglish


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Well hey there! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใใ“ใซใ‚‚๏ผ mmmEnglishใฎใ‚จใƒžใงใ™๏ผ
00:05
What is a gerund?
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:07
Do you know?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ
00:08
I can tell you that I didn't even know what a gerund was
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ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฏใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ•ใˆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
00:12
before I started studying to be a teacher.
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ใ€‚
00:15
But native English speakers use gerunds a lot in English.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
All the time.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€‚
00:21
Whether we realise it or not.
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็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
00:24
So it's important that you understand them too
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:26
and in today's lesson, I'm going to show you how.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ใใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Okay, I'm going to start by answering your question
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณชๅ•
00:44
in the simplest way possible.
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ใซๅฏ่ƒฝใช้™ใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:47
What is a gerund?
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:49
Gerunds look like a verb but they're actually a noun.
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:53
Okay, perhaps you still don't know what that means.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:57
We all know that a verb is an action, right?
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:00
We do a verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:02
For example, 'I jog every morning'.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€ŒๆฏŽๆœใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
01:06
But sometimes, I just want to talk about an action,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€็งใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ€
01:10
not do it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:12
Jogging is one of my favourite ways to exercise.
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ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใฏ็งใฎๅฅฝใใช้‹ๅ‹•ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
01:15
I love jogging.
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ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
01:17
I'm talking about 'jogging' as an action.
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็งใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใจใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
01:20
I'm not jogging right now,
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ไปŠใฏใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›
01:22
I'm just talking about something that I love to do.
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:27
So in other words,
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ใคใพใ‚Š
01:29
I'm referring to the action of jogging as a noun.
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ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใฎๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:33
Or a thing.
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ใพใŸใฏไบ‹ใ€‚
01:35
So I've just used the gerund.
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:38
That's a gerund.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:40
I used a word that looks like a verb, as a noun.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:46
So that's not too difficult, is it?
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ใใ‚Œใปใฉ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใญใ€‚
01:49
And if you think this video will be helpful
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒ
01:51
for any of your friends, then share it with them!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจๆ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
01:54
You know, the one that
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
01:55
really needs some help with their English!
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบ๏ผ
01:57
Tell them to subscribe.
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่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไผใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:59
I make new videos answering your trickiest
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็งใฏๆฏŽ้€ฑใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ™
02:02
English questions here, every week.
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ใ€‚
02:05
So how can we recognise the gerund?
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:08
What does it look like?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:10
Well the gerund is formed by adding '-ing'
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉž
02:14
to the base form of a verb
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ใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅฝข
02:16
or the bare infinitive form.
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ใพใŸใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžๅฝขใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:19
So the base form is 'jog'
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใฏใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใ€
02:23
with '-ing'
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ใจใ€Œ-ingใ€
02:25
'jogging'
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใ€
02:26
I love jogging.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:27
'jog' is the base form, 'jogging' is the gerund.
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใฏๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:31
So obviously, the reason why this is confusing
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹็†็”ฑ
02:35
is because this
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
02:37
looks a lot like the continuous form of the verb, right?
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ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้€ฃ็ถšๅฝขใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:41
So to recognise a gerund, you need to pay attention
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉž
02:44
to how it's used in a sentence.
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ใŒๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:48
And I've got a test for you.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:49
I absolutely love singing.
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็งใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซๆญŒใ†ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:52
But performing in public makes me really nervous.
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ใงใ‚‚ๅ…ฌใฎๅ ดใงๆผ”ๅฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ทŠๅผตใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
Standing on a stage in front of a crowd is terrifying.
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็พค่ก†ใฎๅ‰ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใซ็ซ‹ใคใฎใฏๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:01
So did you hear all of those gerunds?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
03:03
Did you recognise them?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
03:06
Let's take a closer look.
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ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:08
I absolutely love singing.
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็งใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซๆญŒใ†ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
03:10
But performing in public makes me really nervous.
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ใงใ‚‚ๅ…ฌใฎๅ ดใงๆผ”ๅฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ทŠๅผตใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
Standing on a stage in front of a crowd is terrifying.
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็พค่ก†ใฎๅ‰ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใซ็ซ‹ใคใฎใฏๆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:18
Okay. So far, we've learned so far generally
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€
03:22
what a gerund is
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ๅ‹•
03:23
and how to make a gerund.
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ๅ่ฉžใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:27
So here's the next question.
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ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:30
When
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03:31
and how
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03:32
do we use gerunds?
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏใ„ใคใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:34
Just like nouns,.
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ๅ่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€‚
03:35
gerunds can be used in many different situations.
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็Šถๆณใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
They can be used as the subject of a sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:43
The object of a sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ€‚
03:46
They can be used after prepositions.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:50
They can be used with fixed expressions.
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ๅ›บๅฎšๅผใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:53
And we can sometimes use a gerund
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ใพใŸใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆฌกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:56
after another verb.
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ใ€‚
04:00
That's a lot of different possibilities!
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใงใ™๏ผ
04:02
So let's break them down together.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:05
Firstly, you can use a gerund when you want to
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ใพใšใ€
04:08
use a verb as the subject of a sentence or a phrase.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ–‡ใ‚„ๅฅใฎไธป่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:13
Volunteering is a great way
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ใƒœใƒฉใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏ
04:14
to give back to your community.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใซๆฉ่ฟ”ใ—ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:18
Eating fruits and vegetables
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ๆžœ็‰ฉใ‚„้‡Ž่œใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹
04:20
is important for a healthy diet.
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ใ“ใจใฏๅฅๅบท็š„ใช้ฃŸไบ‹ใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:25
Studying gerunds doesn't have to be frustrating!
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใฏใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
04:29
Okay? So now it's your turn!
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™๏ผ
04:31
I want you to write a sentence
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04:34
in the comments below this video to practise.
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ใ“ใฎๅ‹•็”ปใฎไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
04:37
Tell me, what can be frustrating?
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ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ไฝ•ใŒใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:41
Or
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ใพใŸใฏ
04:42
what else is important to your health?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฅๅบทใซใจใฃใฆไป–ใซไฝ•ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:45
Write a sentence, write an answer to that question
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใธใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„
04:49
in the comments below this video
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04:51
and make sure you're using a gerund
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ใฆใ€ๅ่ฉžใ ใ‘ใงใชใๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:54
not just a noun.
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ใ€‚
04:55
We're practising gerunds today, right?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:57
Pause the video if you need to.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
But tell me what frustrates you in the comments.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่‹›็ซ‹ใŸใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:04
Next you can use a gerund as the object of a sentence.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆ–‡ใฎ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
Now there are some very common verbs
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็พๅœจใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’็›ฎ็š„่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Š
05:10
that take gerunds as objects.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:23
All of these verbs can be followed by a gerund.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:27
I really like cooking,
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็งใฏๆ–™็†ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™
05:29
but my fiance is a much better cook than me!
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ใŒใ€็งใฎๅฉš็ด„่€…ใฏ็งใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆ–™็†ใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ™๏ผ
05:33
She really enjoys taking pictures of sunsets.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅค•ๆ—ฅใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:38
I prefer buying meat from my local butcher.
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็งใฏๅœฐๅ…ƒใฎ่‚‰ๅฑ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰่‚‰ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
05:42
Okay? It's your turn now!
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใŒใใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
05:43
What do you dislike doing?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:46
What do you prefer doing?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:48
Write your sentence in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:52
When you see a verb after a preposition,
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:56
it's actually often a gerund.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
You remember prepositions, right?
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆ
06:00
I talked about them here in this lesson
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ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
06:03
if you need a refresher.
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ใ€‚
06:05
They're words like: on, at, in, under,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™๏ผšไธŠใ€ใงใ€ไธญใ€ไธ‹ใ€
06:09
behind, without.
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ๅพŒใ‚ใ€ใชใ—ใ€‚
06:13
She walked out of the room without saying a word.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไธ€่จ€ใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใšใซ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๅ‡บใŸใ€‚
06:18
And so these rules about prepositions include
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใฎ
06:21
expressions that end in prepositions like
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹่กจ็พใŒๅซใพ
06:25
'in spite of'
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06:27
In spite of training for years, she got
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ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไฝ•ๅนดใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
06:30
knocked out of the tournament in the first round.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใงใƒˆใƒผใƒŠใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒŽใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:35
'there's no point in'
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ใ€Œๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใชใ„ใ€
06:37
There's no point in taking your jacket,
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็€ใฆใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใชใ„ใ€
06:40
it's really hot outside!
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ๅค–ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆš‘ใ„๏ผ
06:44
'fed up with'
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ใ€Œใ†ใ‚“ใ–ใ‚Šใ€
06:46
I'm fed up with asking you to be quiet!
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ้™ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ ผใ‚€ใฎใซใ†ใ‚“ใ–ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผ ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใŒ็ถšใ
06:50
There are some really common expressions
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้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Š
06:52
that are followed by gerunds too.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:55
Really
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
06:56
you do just need to memorise these ones.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:00
Like 'can't help'
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ใ€ŒๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
07:02
I can't help being a perfectionist!
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็งใฏๅฎŒ็’งไธป็พฉ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
07:06
'can't stand..'
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ใ€Œๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใงใใชใ„โ€ฆใ€
07:09
I can't stand working with people
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ใ‚Œใฆ็พใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใจไธ€็ท’ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใงใใชใ„
07:11
who always show up late!
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๏ผ
07:15
'it's no use'
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œ
07:17
It's no use leaving a message,
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07:19
she never calls back anyway!
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ใฏ็„ก้ง„ใ ใ€ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ‚‚็„ก้ง„ใ ใ€ใจใซใ‹ใๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘็›ดใ•ใชใ„๏ผ
07:23
'(to be) worth'
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'๏ผˆใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผ‰ไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹'
07:26
It's not worth spending so much money!
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚ŒใปใฉๅคšใใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ไพกๅ€คใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผ
07:30
These are all really common expressions
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ
07:32
that are followed by a gerund.
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ใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใŒๅพŒใซ็ถšใๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
07:35
And guess what?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:37
It's your turn again!
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ใพใŸใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™๏ผ
07:38
It's your turn to write a sentence.
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
07:41
What are some of the things that you can't stand doing?
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ๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:46
Write it in the comments below.
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:49
Now you may also see gerunds used
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
07:51
after another verb.
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ใ€‚
07:54
Now some verbs can be followed by a gerund
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็พๅœจใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
07:58
or the to-infinitive.
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ใ€‚
08:01
And this can be a little confusing.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:03
Because actually,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€
08:06
choosing one or the other
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠž
08:07
can change the overall meaning of a sentence.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:11
Because in one sentence, the word is a noun
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใงใฏใใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏๅ่ฉžใง
08:14
and in the other, it's a verb.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:17
So for example,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€
08:19
I'll never forget driving along the coast of Sicily.
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็งใฏใ‚ทใƒใƒชใ‚ขๅณถใฎๆตทๅฒธใซๆฒฟใฃใฆ้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:22
It was truly stunning.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
08:26
Don't forget to take your grandma to the supermarket!
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ใŠใฐใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
08:30
I've actually opened a can of worms there!
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็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ“ใซใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใฎ็ผถใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
08:33
So
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08:35
I've made an extra lesson, a separate lesson
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ใใ“ใงใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฎš่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆฅ้€ฑ
08:38
about gerunds and infinitives
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ใ€mmmEnglishใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใง
08:40
and you can watch it right here
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
08:42
on the mmmEnglish channel next week.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:44
It's going to be my next lesson
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ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใง
08:47
so I'll go over more details about the difference between
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08:51
infinitives and gerunds in that lesson.
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ใ€ใใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงไธๅฎš่ฉžใจๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:54
Make sure you subscribe so you don't miss it!
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’้€ƒใ•ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
08:58
So let's practise what we've learnt already in this lesson.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใงใซๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:02
I want you to find the gerund in each of the examples
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ„ไพ‹ใงๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใปใ—ใ„
09:06
that I'm about to put here.
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ใ€‚
09:08
And tell me
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ใใ—ใฆ
09:10
is it being used as a subject,
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09:13
an object,
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09:15
after a preposition,
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎๅพŒใ€
09:17
or with an expression?
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ใพใŸใฏ่กจ็พใจใจใ‚‚ใซใ€ไธป้กŒใ€ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:21
It's no use avoiding him.
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ๅฝผใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใ‚‚็„ก้ง„ใ ใ€‚
09:23
He'll keep asking you until you say yes.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใจ่จ€ใ†ใพใงใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญ็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:31
What's the gerund?
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:33
'avoiding', right?
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ใ€Œๅ›ž้ฟใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:35
And it's a gerund used with a common expression.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
09:40
'It's no use'
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ใ€Œ็„ก้ง„ใ 
09:41
It's no use avoiding. It's no use asking.
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ใ€ๅ›ž้ฟใ—ใฆใ‚‚็„ก้ง„ใ ใ€‚ ่žใ„ใฆใ‚‚็„ก้ง„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:46
Do you feel like watching a horror movie
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ใƒ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ˜ ็”ป
09:49
or a romantic film?
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ใ‚„ใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:57
Which is the gerund?
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ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:59
And it's a gerund used as an object, isn't it?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:05
Not realising that one of my kids
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็งใฎๅญไพ›ใฎไธ€ไบบใŒ็—…ๆฐ—ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจ
10:08
is sick is one of my biggest fears!
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ใฏ็งใฎๆœ€ๅคงใฎๆใ‚Œใฎ1ใคใงใ™๏ผ
10:11
So the gerund is
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏ
10:14
'realising'
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ใ€ŒๅฎŸ็พใ€ใ—ใฆ
10:16
And it's a gerund used as a subject.
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ใŠใ‚Šใ€ไธป้กŒใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
10:22
In spite of being injured,
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ๆ€ชๆˆ‘ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใซใ‚‚้–ขใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
10:24
she still managed to finish the marathon!
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ใชใ‚“ใจใ‹ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŒ่ตฐใ—ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ
10:30
So the gerund is 'being'
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใง
10:33
and it's a gerund used after a preposition.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
10:38
So do you feel a little more confident
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ใงใฏ
10:41
about gerunds now?
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ใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่‡ชไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:43
I'm going to go down into the comments and check
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็›ฎใ‚’้€šใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏ
10:46
your sentences now
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10:47
so I can make sure that you've been using
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ใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใŒๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™
10:49
your gerunds correctly.
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ใ€‚
10:52
And for all of those other pesky English topics
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎๅŽ„ไป‹ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ในใฆใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ
10:56
make sure you subscribe to the mmmEnglish channel,
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ใ€mmmEnglishใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
11:00
I cover new topics and tips every week.
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ใ€‚ๆฏŽ้€ฑใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใจใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:03
Just like these ones.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
11:05
I'll see you in the next lesson.
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ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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