Which Countries Are Best at Speaking English (ESL) and What They Do Differently

17,045 views ใƒป 2019-10-30

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
(upbeat music)
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(๊ฒฝ์พŒํ•œ ์Œ์•…)
00:02
- Hello this is Jack from ToFluency.com
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- ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ToFluency.com์˜ Jack์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
and today, we're going to look at the world's
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
00:07
largest ranking of countries and regions
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„
00:10
by English skills.
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์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
So it's going to tell us which countries
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€
00:15
speak the best English.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
And we're going to see different countries
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:20
by their level of English.
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.
00:21
So what I want to know is where is your country
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์ˆœ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
in these rankings,
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00:28
so we're going to have a look at those in a second,
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์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
and why do you think your country is where it is?
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์™œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:35
Because in addition to looking at the rankings,
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์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”
00:37
we're also going to read an article,
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋„ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:40
which talks about why Scandinavians are so good at English.
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.
00:45
So the first thing you'll notice is that Sweden
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์ด
00:49
is number one.
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1์œ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
So Sweden is a country
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์€
00:53
which has the highest level of English.
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์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
And we're obviously talking about
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
00:57
non-English-speaking countries here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋น„์˜์–ด๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
So we're not including the UK, America, Ireland, etc.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๊ตญ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ๋“ฑ์€ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
So if you have a look here,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:06
it says Global Ranking of Countries and Regions.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
And they categorize these into very high,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Œ,
01:15
high, moderate, low and very low.
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๋†’์Œ, ๋ณดํ†ต, ๋‚ฎ์Œ ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
So just take a moment, look on your screen,
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์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
01:21
and try and find your country.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:24
And then start thinking about the comment you are going
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
01:27
to leave, because you can do so at the end of the lesson,
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. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
and tell me why you think your country is very high
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์™œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’
01:34
or very low or moderate.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
01:36
Now, I've made a couple of videos
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์ด์ œ
01:40
on football managers and their level of English,
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์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฐ๋…๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , 10์œ„์ธ ๋…์ผ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜
01:44
and we looked at how Jurgen Klopp,
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Jurgen Klopp์ด
01:47
who is from Germany,
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01:50
which is number 10,
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01:51
how he learned English through friends
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ณ 
01:55
and he has a high level of English.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด.
01:57
Now we also looked at Unai Emery,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
01:59
who is from Spain and is now learning English
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ
02:03
through Peaky Blinders,
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Peaky Blinders๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Unai Emery๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:05
and his English isn't as good.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
But it just seems like that is normal,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
02:09
based on their countries.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
So Sweden is number one.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์ด 1์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Netherlands, number two,
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ, 2์œ„,
02:16
Singapore, Norway, Denmark,
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์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด, ๋ด๋งˆํฌ,
02:18
South Africa, Luxembourg, Finland,
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ, ๋ฃฉ์…ˆ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ, ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ, ์Šฌ๋กœ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„,
02:22
Slovenia, Germany, Belgium and Austria.
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๋…์ผ, ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—, ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„.
02:25
So those are the top 12 countries
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ƒ์œ„ 12๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:27
when it comes to English proficiency.
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.
02:30
Now this website also includes a PDF,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—๋Š” PDF๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
which I encourage you to download and read
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02:36
because it has some key findings.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
And it's interesting because it talks about some trends.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
So it says "English proficiency varies widely between
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์˜์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
02:47
"industries and job functions."
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"์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ง๋ฌด"์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
It also says that "Africa showed the strongest gains
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๋˜ํ•œ "์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” "
02:52
"in English proficiency."
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์˜์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ"์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:54
And this is interesting.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
"In Asia, English proficiency did not improve
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"์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ๋Š” "์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ํˆฌ์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ " ์˜์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:00
"despite high levels of investment in English."
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.
03:04
So in Asia, these countries have invested in English
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜์–ด์— ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:08
but they haven't seen improvement,
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๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
which I find very interesting.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
But I think there's a key point
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
to why this is the case.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
So I'm going to talk about this very soon.
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๊ณง ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
So again, go here, go to this website
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:24
and have a look at the data they have
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
03:28
and be sure to download their PDF,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:30
which you can do here.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
03:32
Now here is an article which talks about
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03:33
why Scandinavians are so good at English.
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์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
And I think there is one key reason,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
which just isn't emphasized enough.
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03:43
I think this is the most important thing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
But we're going to have a read of this article
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ 
03:48
and look at some of these key points
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
03:51
and I'm going to give you my opinion.
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์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
So we'll just read the first paragraph.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๋ฝ๋งŒ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
"Swedes have the best non-native English skills
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03:57
"in the world,
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03:58
"according to the eighth edition
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"
04:00
"of the EF English Proficiency Index,"
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EF English Proficiency Index" ์ œ8ํŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
04:03
what we just had a look at.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
"Sweden's Scandinavian siblings, Norway and Denmark,
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"์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„ ํ˜•์ œ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์™€ ๋ด๋งˆํฌ
04:09
"also place in the top five.
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๋„" ์ƒ์œ„ 5์œ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
"Of course, anyone who's visited Sweden, Norway
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"๋ฌผ๋ก  ์Šค์›จ๋ด, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด
04:14
"or Denmark won't be surprised by the findings.
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" ๋˜๋Š” ๋ด๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์— ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
"While there are plenty of problems visiting the region,
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" ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:20
"not least the epic price tags,
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"์ ์–ด๋„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก 
04:22
"communication isn't one of them."
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"์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:25
So let's have a look at what Forbes
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Forbes๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ
04:28
believes is the reason why.
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์ด์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
The first one is a happy family.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
And "To the untrained eye,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์ˆ™๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ˆˆ์—๋Š”
04:34
"English and the Scandinavian languages
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" ์˜์–ด์™€ ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„์–ด๊ฐ€
04:36
"may not seem to have that much in common,
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"๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜
04:39
"yet the truth is quite different.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ" ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
"All are members of the Germanic language family,
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"๋ชจ๋‘ 5์–ต ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”" ๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋งŒ์–ด์กฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด๋ฉฐ, "๊ทธ
04:44
"itself a branch of the Indo-European language family,
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์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ธ๋„-์œ ๋Ÿฝ์–ด์กฑ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:47
"spoken natively by more than 500 million people."
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."
04:51
So they're saying that the structure of the language
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ด์กฑ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€
04:54
is quite similar because it comes from the same family.
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๊ฝค ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:58
There are also a lot of loan words.
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๋Œ€์ถœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
So "English and Scandinavian languages have lent
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์˜์–ด์™€ ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š”
05:04
"each other many words over the years."
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์ˆ˜๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:07
And a big reason for this is the Viking invasion of England
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฐ ์ด์œ ๋Š” 8์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”์ดํ‚น์˜ ์˜๊ตญ ์นจ๊ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:12
in the eighth century, if I remember correctly.
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.
05:18
Now this part I don't think is that relevant
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
05:21
because it says "English is taught in Scandinavian schools
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" ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š”
05:26
"from a young age.
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์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค"๊ณ 
05:27
"As soon as children have mastered reading and writing
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์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
"their native tongue, English is introduced.
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05:33
"The age varies by country and region
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05:35
"but generally speaking, every student will have undergone
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ํ•™์ƒ์€ "10์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€"
05:39
"at least a year of formal English language education
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"์ ์–ด๋„ 1๋…„์˜ ์ •์‹ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์œก
05:42
"by the age of 10."
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"์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
I don't think that's a big difference to a lot of countries.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๊ณผ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
So many countries introduce English lessons
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅธ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:51
at an early age,
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,
05:53
but a year before 10 is not that drastic.
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10์‚ด ์ด์ „์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
It's not that drastic at all.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๊ณผ๊ฒฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
This next point I think is the most important.
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์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
I think this is the number one reason why
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ด์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:07
people in Scandinavia can speak English so well.
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.
06:10
"Cultural immersion.
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"๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ชฐ์ž….
06:12
"By the time Scandinavian kids reach that age," 10,
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"์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด 10์‚ด์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
06:16
"most are already quite familiar with English.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜์–ด์— ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
"Young Scandis have always been exposed
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"์ Š์€ Scandis๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
06:22
"to a lot of international content,
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"๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ
06:25
"but now the likes of YouTube and Netflix
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"๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ YouTube ๋ฐ Netflix์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” "๊ทธ ์–ด๋А ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค"
06:27
"have made English entertainment more accessible
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์˜๊ตญ ์—”ํ„ฐํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ์— "๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
06:29
"than ever before."
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" ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
I don't think that's really that important.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:32
The next bit is.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
"Turn on a Norwegian TV channel
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"๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด TV ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์ผœ์„ธ์š”
06:36
"and the chances are, you'll be hearing an English language
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" ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์˜์–ด
06:39
"show with Norwegian subtitles."
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"๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ"์„ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
If you turn on the TV in Norway,
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๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์—์„œ TV๋ฅผ ์ผœ๋ฉด
06:44
it says in most cases, you're going to be watching
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:49
something in English, as a kid.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
"Unlike many other countries,
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"๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
06:54
"English shows are almost never dubbed.
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"์˜์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋”๋น™๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
"Whether a Scandinavian speaks English with a British
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"์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„์ธ์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜๊ตญ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
07:00
"or American accent has a lot to do with
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" ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์–ต์–‘์„ ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€๋Š”
07:03
"what kind of TV they prefer."
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ TV๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€"์™€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
This is it, this is the key.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Norwegian kids, kids in Scandinavia,
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๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค, ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
07:12
are watchin' TV in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
They're gettin' lots and lots of input
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:17
from an early age.
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.
07:19
And the input is all in context.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž…๋ ฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
They have the subtitles in Norwegian or Swedish,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์–ด๋‚˜ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
07:27
but they're watchin' TV in English.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
This is huge.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
This is the reason why.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
It's because they have so much input.
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์ž…๋ ฅ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
And I have talked a lot about input in the past.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
I'll leave a link to a video on your screen
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
07:41
and I'll also leave one in the description,
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์„ค๋ช…์—๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ณ 
07:44
and it just talks about why input is so important.
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์ž…๋ ฅ์ด ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
And this should give you motivation to get more input.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
Now I've visited certain countries,
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:53
for example, Spain, and everything is dubbed.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋”๋น™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
Kids don't grow up watchin' TV.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Yes, they have more access to TV now in English,
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ TV๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜
08:03
but if you don't do it, then it makes no difference.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
There are a couple of other reasons this article gives,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ
08:09
for example, a region of explorers.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
So they might go to London for weekend breaks,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋ง ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜
08:15
but so do people from France and Germany and Spain,
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค , โ€‹โ€‹๋…์ผ, ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
08:20
and Spain is in the average tier.
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์€ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ณ„์ธต์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
The next one is "A professional skill.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ "์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ "์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
"Perhaps it's that inner explorer,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
"but even after almost a decade
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "๊ฑฐ์˜ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
08:29
"of formal English language education,
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" ์ •์‹ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„์—๋„
08:31
"many Scandinavians take things a step further
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"๋งŽ์€ ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„์ธ๋“ค์€
08:34
"by studying abroad.
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ํ•ด์™ธ ์œ ํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด "ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค".
08:36
"Whatever subject they're studying,
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"์–ด๋–ค ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋“  "
08:37
"it's high likely to involve immersion
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08:40
"in an English language environment."
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์˜์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—" ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
Now again, this can help.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
But if you're just doing it
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:45
for a couple of weeks every year,
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๋งค๋…„ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:47
it's not gonna make a big difference.
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ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
The key is immersion.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ชฐ์ž…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
Immersion is key.
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๋ชฐ์ž…์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
It's this sentence here that I think is just incredible.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
"Turn on a Norwegian TV channel
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"๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด TV ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์ผœ๋ฉด
09:00
"and the chances are,
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" "
09:02
"you'll be hearing an English language show
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09:04
"with Norwegian subtitles."
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๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์žˆ๋Š”" ์˜์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
Immersion.
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๋ชฐ์ž…. ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„
09:08
People are immersed in English in Scandinavia
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
09:12
because they're watchin' British or American television.
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์˜๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์–ด์— ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
So this should give you the motivation
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ
09:19
to do more in English,
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
09:20
to watch things in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
A lot of you are probably already doing this,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏธ
09:25
but just keep going, keep doing this,
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์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
because it's going to make a big difference.
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09:29
So going back to this,
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์ด,
09:30
definitely have a look at this report.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:34
Download the PDF guide.
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PDF ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•œ
09:36
And then let me know what you think.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:38
And be sure to leave a comment
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:40
telling me where your country is
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:42
and why you think it is there.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๊ผญ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
09:44
And also, please let me know what you think about
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ œ๋ฐœ
09:47
what I have talked about today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
So leave that comment and then get my book,
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ฑ…์ธ
09:52
"The Five-Step Plan for English Fluency".
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"The Five-Step Plan for English Fluency"๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:55
Again, I'll leave a link in the description below.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์•„๋ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘˜๊ฒŒ์š” .
09:57
Thank you so much for watching.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์ด ๋ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
09:59
I'll speak to you soon, bye-bye.
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๊ณง ์–˜๊ธฐํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”, ์•ˆ๋…•.
10:00
(dubstep music)
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(๋ฅ์Šคํ… ์Œ์•…)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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