How to Use Words Like 'So', 'Okay', and 'Well' - Discourse Markers (AJ #15)

5,681 views ใƒป 2015-10-05

To Fluency


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hello.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:01
This is Jack from ToFluency.com and this is Ask Jack, the free series where I answer your
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์ €๋Š” ToFluency.com์˜ Jack์ด๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”
00:06
questions about learning English and the English language.
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์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์˜์–ด ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์ธ Ask Jack์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:11
We have a great question today from Milan from the Czech Republic.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒด์ฝ” ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋ž€์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:15
Here it is.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ์–ด.
00:17
Milan from the Czech Republic asks, " How can we use discourse markers like โ€˜soโ€™,
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์ฒด์ฝ”์˜ ๋ฐ€๋ž€(Milan)์€ "' ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ', '์ž˜', '๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ดํ™” ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
00:22
โ€˜wellโ€™ and โ€˜okayโ€™?"
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?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Words like โ€˜soโ€™, โ€˜wellโ€™ and โ€˜okayโ€™ are examples of discourse markers.
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'so', 'well', 'ok'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ดํ™” ํ‘œ์‹œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
So, what Iโ€™m going to do is introduce what this means, give you some examples and then
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
00:37
talk about how you can use them.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Firstly, Discourse Markers are used very commonly in everyday English, both in written and spoken
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‹ดํ™” ๋งˆ์ปค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ์ƒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
00:49
English, and the ones that you use when writing might be different to the ones that you use
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, ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:56
when speaking.
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.
00:57
But, what they do is they help us control communication.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
They help us change topics.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
They help us think about things and they also help us join things together.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Three common ones in spoken English are โ€˜soโ€™, โ€˜okayโ€™ and โ€˜wellโ€™.
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๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํ”ํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” 'so', 'ok', 'well'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
I use โ€˜soโ€™ all the time in my videos.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ 'so'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
We also have things like โ€˜by the wayโ€™, โ€˜howeverโ€™, โ€˜ohโ€™ and also, 2 very common
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ '๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ', '๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜', '์˜ค'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ
01:29
ones: โ€˜you knowโ€™ and โ€˜likeโ€™.
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๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 'you know'์™€ 'like'.
01:31
Now, except for โ€˜howeverโ€™, these are all used in spoken English.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ '๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜'๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
However is used in both spoken and written English.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด์™€ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:41
So, letโ€™s have a look at some examples now.
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
The first example is โ€œSo, letโ€™s look at some examples now.โ€
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” "์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And, this is something I say in all my videos and Iโ€™m using so to change the topic to
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
01:59
introduce something new, to change direction.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
But, we can also use โ€˜soโ€™ when we are giving a summary, โ€œSo, remember that we
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”์•ฝํ•  ๋•Œ '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:10
need to do this.โ€
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.
02:13
Another example, โ€œWell, I think it was in about 1905.โ€
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” "์Œ, 1905๋…„์ฏค์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. "
02:19
Weโ€™re using well here to help us think and to give us time to get the correct sentence
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์–ป์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ well์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:28
out there.
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.
02:31
We can also use well when we have a conflicting view or weโ€™re putting a different argument
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์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํŽผ์น  ๋•Œ๋„ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:38
across, โ€œWell, Iโ€™m not so sure about that.โ€
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.
02:42
So, this is a way to introduce an opposing argument or something that contradicts what
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฉฐ
02:48
someone said and sounding more polite.
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๋” ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
So, Iโ€™ve given you a few examples here, so and well.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:55
But, there are so many ways and so many different types of discourse markers.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ดํ™” ํ‘œ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€
03:02
That has given you an introduction to discourse markers.
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๋‹ดํ™” ๋งˆ์ปค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:05
Now, there are many others and I encourage you to research other ways that you can use
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ดํ™” ๋งˆ์ปค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:12
these discourse markers.
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03:14
But, when it comes to using them in natural conversation, my advice is to do it when it
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
03:21
feels right to you.
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์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
This is the same advice I gave when talking about using relaxed pronunciation, using โ€˜gonnaโ€™
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ '
03:30
instead of โ€˜going toโ€™.
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going to' ๋Œ€์‹  'gonna'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์–ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
So, use Discourse Markers in the same way, when it feels right to you.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ดํ™” ๋งˆ์ปค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
03:37
Donโ€™t try to force it to sound like an advanced speaker.
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
03:40
Instead, just wait until it feels normal.
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๊ปด์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:45
Now, my task for this video is this.
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์ž, ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
What I want you to do is to watch lots of videos this week, listen to podcasts, anything
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ , ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ,
03:57
that has audio with English and listen to these discourse markers.
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์˜์–ด ์˜ค๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ์ด ๋‹ดํ™” ๋งˆ์ปค๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
So, notice how people use them.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:06
Notice how often we use them during natural conversation.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
04:10
And then, leave some examples below this video.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:14
Thanks for watching and Iโ€™ll see you next time.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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