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譯者: Lilian Chiu
審譯者: 穎君 紀
00:04
I once met this Chilean guy at a hostel.
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我有次在旅舍裡遇到了一個智利人。
00:08
"So what do you do?" I asked him.
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我問他:「所以,你是做什麼的?」
00:11
"You mean for work?"
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「你是指做什麼工作嗎?」
00:13
he responded as if I had just asked
the color of his underwear.
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他的回應就好像我剛才
是在問他內褲的顏色。
00:17
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:18
In the US, “What do you do?”
is often the first question
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在美國,當我們剛認識一個人時,
通常首先就會問:
「你是做什麼的?」
00:21
we ask when we meet someone new.
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00:23
This is drilled into us from an early age.
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小孩從小就被灌輸這種觀念。
00:26
"What do you want to be when you grow up?"
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我們會問孩子:
「你長大後想做什麼?」
00:28
we ask our kids,
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00:30
already conflating
who we are with what we do,
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已經把我們是什麼人
和我們做什麼混為一談,
00:33
as if our jobs and identities
were one and the same.
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彷彿我們的工作和身份
是一體的、相同的。
00:37
I think about this a lot.
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我常思考這點。
00:39
I'm a labor journalist, and I wrote a book
called "The Good Enough Job,"
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我是勞工記者,我寫了一本書,
書名是《夠好的工作》,
00:43
in which I spoke to over 100 people
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為了這本書,我和超過一百個人
聊了他們的工作和身分之間的關係。
00:45
about the relationship
between their work and their identity.
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00:49
But before I was a professional writer,
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但在我成為職業作家之前,
00:52
I was a 22-year-old poetry student
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我是主修詩歌的二十二歲學生,
00:54
trying to figure out
what I wanted to be when I grew up.
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試圖弄清楚自己長大後想做什麼。
00:59
It was around this time
that I had the opportunity
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大約在這時期,我有個機會可以
訪問全世界我最喜歡的作家,
01:01
to interview my favorite writer
in the entire world,
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01:04
the poet Anis Mojgani.
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詩人厄尼斯‧莫吉加尼。
01:06
And so I asked him,
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我問他:「厄尼斯,
你對這句座右銘有何想法:
01:07
"Anis, how do you feel about the mantra,
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01:09
do what you love
and never work a day in your life?"
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『做你熱愛的事,
你就一輩子不用工作?』」
01:13
And I'll never forget what he told me.
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我永遠不會忘記他的回答。
01:16
He said, "You know, Simone,
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他說:「席莫內,你知道嗎,
01:18
I think some people
do what they love for work,
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我認為有些人把興趣變成了工作,
01:22
and others do what they have to
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其他人則是不得不工作,
才能在不工作時從事自己的興趣。
01:24
so they can do what they love
when they're not working.
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01:28
And neither is more noble."
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兩者沒有高低之分。」
01:32
I think that last part is key.
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我認為關鍵在最後一句。
01:34
We live in a society
that loves to revere people
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我們所處的社會很敬仰
工作和身分非常相符的人。
01:37
whose jobs and identities neatly align.
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01:40
And here was my idol,
a professional poet no less,
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而我的偶像—還是位職業詩人—
01:44
telling me that it's OK to have a day job.
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告訴我擁有一份日常工作
是沒什麼問題的。
01:48
If we want to develop
a healthier relationship to work,
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如果我們想和工作建立更健康的關係,
01:51
we can't just think
about work-life balance
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那我們就不能只從時間分配的角度
來思考工作—生活的平衡。
01:53
in terms of how we spend our time.
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01:56
We have to think
about how we construct our identity.
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我們還得思考如何建立我們的身分。
02:01
What we do is part of
but not the entirety of who we are.
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「我們做什麼」是「我們是
什麼人」的一部分,不是全部。
02:07
Let me be clear.
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讓我說清楚。我不認為
把興趣變成工作有什麼問題。
02:09
I don't think there's anything wrong
with doing what you love for work.
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02:12
We work more than we do
just about anything else,
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我們花在工作上的時間
多於其他所有事情。
02:15
and how we spend those hours matters.
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如何善用這些時間就很重要。
02:19
And yet, our current relationship to work
isn't quite working.
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然而,目前我們與工作的關係
實在不太行。
02:25
A recent study found
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最近有項研究發現全球
有 48% 的工作者都感到倦怠。
02:26
that 48 percent of workers
around the globe are burnt out.
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02:30
48 percent.
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百分之 48 。
02:32
That's half this room.
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就是在座一半的人。
02:34
Actually, in this room,
probably more than half.
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事實上,在座可能
不只一半的人感到倦怠。
02:37
And yet, the way that we
commonly talk about burnout
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然而,我們一般談論倦怠的方式
沒有解決到問題的根源。
02:40
doesn't address its root cause.
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度假一週無法神奇地
治癒我們,這是有原因的。
02:43
There's a reason why a one-week vacation
doesn't magically cure us.
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02:47
There's a reason why our intentions
to practice self-care
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我們即使有意實踐自我照顧
和設下更好的界線,
02:50
and set better boundaries
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還是會失敗,這也是有原因的。
02:52
inevitably break down.
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02:54
It's like we're shielding ourselves
from the sun with a cocktail umbrella.
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那就像是我們用雞尾酒裝飾小傘
來幫自己遮擋太陽。
02:59
If we want to actually change
our relationship to work,
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如果我們想真正改變
我們與工作的關係,
03:03
we have to go deeper.
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我們得更深入。
03:05
It starts with our identity.
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首先,從我們的身分開始。
03:09
Certainly, we are all
more than just workers.
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當然,我們都不只是工作者。
03:12
We’re parents and friends and citizens
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我們是父母、朋友、公民、
03:16
and artists and travelers and neighbors.
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藝術家、旅人,和鄰居。
03:19
Much like an investor benefits
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這就很像投資者可以從來源
多元化的股票投資組合中獲益,
03:21
from diversifying the sources
of stocks in their portfolio,
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03:25
we, too, benefit
from diversifying the sources
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我們也能從人生中來源
多元化的意義和身分獲益。
03:27
of meaning and identity in our lives.
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03:31
But how do you actually go about doing so?
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但是實際上要怎麼做?
03:35
Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel
described Shabbat,
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拉比亞伯拉罕‧約書亞‧赫雪
把安息日—一週戒絕
工作一次的猶太傳統—
03:39
the weekly Jewish practice
of abstaining from work,
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03:42
as a sanctuary in time.
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形容成時間中的聖殿。
03:45
I love this image.
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我喜歡這個意象。
03:47
Rather than a physical sanctuary,
like a synagogue,
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不是像猶太教堂一樣的實體聖殿,
03:51
Shabbat is a time sanctuary.
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安息日是時間的聖殿。
03:54
So the first step
to diversifying your identity
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因此,讓身分多元化的第一步
03:57
is to create those time sanctuaries,
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就是創建那些時間聖殿,
04:00
spaces in your days, in your weeks,
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在每日、每週生活、在整個人生中創造
04:03
in your life where work is not an option.
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沒有「工作」的空間。
04:07
Unlike mere intentions
to work less or set better boundaries,
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不像減少工作或設下更好的界線
這些粗淺的目標,
04:12
time sanctuaries require infrastructure.
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時間聖殿需要基礎建設。
04:15
Putting time on the calendar
to learn a new language,
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在日曆上安排時間學習新語言、
04:19
putting your phone in airplane mode
while you play with your kids
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跟你小孩一起玩時
打開手機的飛航模式,
04:23
so that work doesn't expand like a gas
and fill all of your unoccupied space.
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這樣工作才不會像氣體一樣擴散,
填滿你所有的空閒時間。
04:29
The second step
is to fill those time sanctuaries
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第二步是用活動填滿你的時間聖殿,
04:32
with activities that reinforce
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一些能強化你希望培養的
其他身分的活動。
04:34
the other identities
you hope to cultivate.
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04:36
The present father,
the community gardener,
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陪伴孩子的父親、社區的園丁、
04:39
the amateur musician.
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業餘音樂家。
04:43
It may sound simple,
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聽起來可能很簡單,
04:45
but if we want to derive meaning
from aspects of our life other than work,
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但如果我們想從工作以外的
所有生活面向汲取意義,
04:49
we have to do things other than work.
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我們就得做工作以外的事。
04:54
Now these don't have to be grand gestures.
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不一定要是偉大的壯舉。
04:56
In the reporting in my book,
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我書中的報告有提到,
我和一些極具雄心的工作狂交談,
04:58
I spoke to all of these
hyperambitious workaholics,
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05:00
and they'd say things like,
"Diversify my identity. Got it.
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他們會說:
「讓我的身分更多元化,收到,
今年我要讀五十二本書。」
05:04
I’m going to read 52 books this year.
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05:07
Or I’m going to run an ultramarathon.”
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或「我要去跑超級馬拉松。」
05:11
We even convert our leisure
into other forms of labor.
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我們甚至會把休閒活動
轉化為其他形式的勞動。
05:17
My advice is to start small.
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我的建議是從小事做起。
05:20
How about a weekly walk
with your best friend?
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和最好的朋友每週去散步一次如何?
05:23
Or ten minutes practicing
the piano after dinner.
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或是在晚餐後花十分鐘練習鋼琴。
05:28
The third step is
to reinforce these identities
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第三步是強化這些身分,
05:32
by joining communities
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做法是去加入完全不在乎
你做什麼工作的群體。
05:33
who couldn't care less
about what you do for work.
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05:37
For example, I love to play
pickup basketball,
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例如,我喜歡打籃球友誼賽,
05:40
and one of the benefits of my weekly game
is that the people I play with
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我每週打球的好處之一
就是和我一起打球的人
05:43
don't care how many words I've written
or how many books I've sold.
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不在乎我寫了多少個字
或賣了多少本書。
05:48
They care that I show up on time
and that I'm a good teammate.
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他們在乎的是我準時出現,
以及我是個好隊友。
05:53
It’s a weekly reminder
that I exist on this Earth
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每週,這都會提醒我,我在世上
存在的目的不只是產生經濟價值。
05:55
to do more than just
produce economic value.
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06:00
The irony is that
diversifying our identity
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諷刺的是,多元化的身分
對事業也有助益。
06:04
can be great for business too.
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06:06
Research shows that people
with varied interests
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研究指出,有多種不同興趣的人
06:09
tend to be more creative problem solvers
and more innovative.
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通常是較具創意的問題
解決者,也更能創新。
06:14
Hobbies are one
of the best ways to recharge
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嗜好是最佳的充電方式之一,
讓你在回到工作崗位上時
06:17
so that you can be more productive
when you're back on the clock.
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會更有生產力。
06:21
And a diverse identity can come in handy
in the face of a stressful event
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遇到壓力極大的事件時,
多元化的身分也會很有用,
06:25
like a recession or a layoff.
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比如面對經濟蕭條或裁員的時候。
06:29
I spoke to all of these folks for my book
who treated their work like their family
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我為了寫書訪談了許多人,
他們都把工作當家人一樣,
06:34
and then were unceremoniously
let go during the pandemic.
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在疫情期間卻被草率地解僱。
06:39
If you are what you do
and you lose your job,
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如果你的工作定義你的身分,
而你丟了工作,
06:44
who are you?
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那你是什麼人?
06:47
But in addition to the business case,
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但除了商業層面的理由外,
06:50
there's also the moral case.
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還有道德層面的理由。
06:52
If we want to develop more well-rounded
versions of ourselves,
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如果我們想讓自己變得更加全能,
06:57
if we want to build robust relationships
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如果我們想建立穩健的關係,
06:59
and live in robust communities
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生活在穩健的群體中,
07:01
and have a robust society at large,
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並擁有穩健的整體社會,
07:04
we all must invest
in aspects of our lives beyond work.
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我們必須投資工作外的其他生活層面。
07:10
We shouldn't just work less
because it makes us better workers.
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我們不該只是為了成為
更好的工作者而減少工作。
07:14
We should work less
because it makes us better people.
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我們應該為了成為
更好的人而減少工作。
07:19
This isn't just about you and me.
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這不只和你我有關。
07:22
This is about teaching our kids
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這也是在教育我們的孩子,
07:24
that their self-worth
is not determined by their job title.
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讓他們了解自己的價值
不是用工作職稱來決定的。
07:28
This is about reinforcing the fact
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這也是要強調一項事實:
07:30
that not all noble work
neatly translates to a line on a resume.
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並非所有高貴的工作都能俐落地
轉化成履歷上的一行文字。
07:35
This is about setting the example
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這也是在樹立榜樣,
07:37
that we all have a responsibility
to contribute to the world
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示範我們都有責任
要為世界貢獻一己之力,
07:42
in a way beyond contributing
to one organization's bottom line.
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不只是為組織的收益做出貢獻。
07:48
So the next time you're at a party,
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所以,下次你去參加派對時,
07:50
instead of asking someone,
"What do you do?"
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別再問別人「你是做什麼的?」
07:53
I encourage you to add
two small words to your question.
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我鼓勵各位把這個問題
稍稍修改一下,
07:58
Instead, ask them,
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改問他們「你喜歡做什麼?」
08:00
"What do you like to do?"
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08:03
Maybe you like to cook.
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也許你喜歡烹飪,
08:06
Maybe you like to write.
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也許你喜歡寫作,
08:08
Maybe you do
some of those things for work.
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你也許把這些事變成了你的工作,
08:11
Or maybe you don't.
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也許沒有。
08:14
But “What do you like to do”
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但「你喜歡做什麼?」這個問題
08:16
is a question that allows each of us
to define ourselves on our own terms.
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能讓我們每個人
以自己的方式定義自己。
08:23
Thank you.
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謝謝。
08:24
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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