The Critical Role of Black Mothers -- and How to Support All Moms | Anna Malaika Tubbs | TED

翻译人员: Zhongyi Kim 校对人员: Lexi Ding

Anna Malaika Tubbs: "The Three Mothers"

安娜·马莱卡·塔布斯： 《三位母亲》这本书

讲了阿尔贝塔·金、布迪斯·鲍德温 和路易斯·利特尔的故事。

is about Alberta King, Berdis Baldwin and Louise Little,

the mothers of MLK Jr., James Baldwin and Malcolm X.

她们是马丁·路德·金、詹姆斯·鲍德温 和马尔科姆·艾克斯的母亲。

And I wrote this book

我写这本书

to not only celebrate these three incredible life stories

不仅仅是为了颂扬 这三位母亲了不起的，

that we should have known for years and years before my book,

早在我这本书问世前的许多年 就该为世人所知的人生故事，

but to also think about what their stories could symbolize for Black women,

还为了探讨她们的故事对黑人女性、 黑人母亲，甚至所有的母亲

Black mothers, mothers more generally,

有什么象征意义，

and what it could mean to save their stories

保护她们的故事不被遗忘、

from being forgotten, from being erased,

不被抹杀意味着什么，

and how it changes our understanding of where we are as a nation today,

它如何改变我们对于 本民族如今所处的位置、

how we have arrived here,

发展历程，

what are changes that we still need to make.

以及未来仍需做出 哪些改变的理解。

惠特尼·彭宁顿·罗杰斯： 太棒了。

Whitney Pennington Rogers: That's great.

我觉得在读这本书的时候，

I think in reading it,

能够真切地感受到 你在故事编排、

you can feel how really lovingly you put all of this together

and did this research and the attention that you put to this,

史料研究上的用心， 以及倾注其中的心血。

this really comes through in the finished product.

这种用心贯穿了整本书。

Well, we have we have a question from Jeff.

嗯，我们收到了 来自杰夫的一个问题。

Jeff says that, "As a father, this talk changed my life.

杰夫说：“作为一名父亲， 这期TED演讲改变了我的一生。

I bought the book, a few copies, and was in the audience in December live,

这本书我买了好几本， 12月份的现场演讲我也在，

and it generated this concern for me.

那场演讲让我产生了这种担忧。

How much history was impacted with lack of mother's input,

因为缺失了母亲这个部分， 尤其是黑人母亲，

especially Black mothers?”

历史受到了多大的影响？

And that's the question.

这就是杰夫的问题。

AMT: Oh, it's a big question.

安娜：哦，这可是个大问题。

First, thank you, Jeff, I really appreciate that.

首先，谢谢你，杰夫， 感谢你提出的这个问题。

So much of our history, we are missing these stories.

的确有太多的历史， 缺失了母亲们的故事。

And the feeling that you felt in being in that audience

你在观众席上的感受

and that I felt in uncovering these stories

和我在发掘故事时的感受，

and every piece of the puzzle that I found

还有我发现的每一块儿故事碎片，

just really shocked me,

都使我感到震惊，

that we didn't know these things already and infuriated me.

我们竟然对这些故事的一无所知， 这让我感到愤怒。

And it really caused me some deep sadness,

也让我感到深深的悲伤，

because I realized how many more stories are --

因为我意识到， 或许还有更多故事——

I mean, we're missing so many,

我的意思是，我们已经错失了太多。

and of course, not everybody is going to be famous

当然了，不是每个人都会成名，

也不是每个人都会被写进书里。

and not everyone’s going to have a book written about them.

但这种对黑人女性贡献的抹杀， 是极不寻常的。

But it's very, very unique, this erasure of Black women's contributions.

It is very intentional.

是刻意为之的。

Like I said, with "Hidden Figures" as an example,

就像我之前说的， 以电影《隐藏人物》为例，

why would we not know that Black women were the mathematicians

为什么我们都不知道， 那些被誉为航天发射

called "the computers" behind a space launch?

背后的“电脑”的数学家 是黑人女性？

That is critical information for our history.

这是极为重要的史料。

And for me to think as a young Black woman,

这不禁让我深思， 作为一名年轻黑人女性，

when I was sitting in school,

当我在学校的时候，

when I was a young Black girl,

当我还是一个黑人小女孩的时候，

what that could have meant to me to know that.

知道这个重要信息 对我来说意味着什么。

That it was a part not only of --

那不仅仅是

I could not be the first Black woman to do something,

我不会是第一个 有所成就的黑人女性，

but that there was a history before me

而是在我之前有过一段历史，

of Black female mathematicians

存在过充满智慧的 黑人女性数学家们。

and these brilliant brains.

And even as much as, you know,

我父母会教我黑人历史和非裔历史，

my parents educated me on my Black history and my African history

because even I have a privilege that many Black Americans do not have.

比起很多美国黑人， 在这方面我已经算有特权了，

I knew my connection to my lineage in Ghana, etc.

得以知道我的家族来自加纳，等等。

So much of this history has been robbed from us.

有太多我们的历史被夺走，

And it's a very strategic robbing.

而且是一种策略性的抢夺。

It's not a mistake.

并不是失误。

So that, just thinking from that perspective,

所以，就只是从那个角度出发，

we want to continue to uncover more and more stories

我们想要继续发掘更多更多的故事。

of those who have been intentionally marginalized,

那些被刻意边缘化 和被压迫的人的故事。

intentionally oppressed.

Because the more we can correct our telling of that story

因为我们能修正的故事和历史越多，

and that history,

the better we'll do moving forward.

未来才能做得更好。

So these attacks on telling history right now, it's very strategic.

现在这些对历史讲述的攻击 都是策略性的。

It’s not, again, a mistake.

再说一次，这不是失误。

It's not something that people are doing unconsciously.

不是人们无意识的行为。

It’s very: “We don’t want to tell the truth.”

而是“我们就是不想告诉你真相。”

And we all need to reckon with that,

我们都需要反省，

and we need to fight against that.

并和它抗争。

WPR: I think that it's really interesting in the book

惠特尼： 我在书里发现了一件很有趣的事,

that you draw these parallels between what was happening

你进行了对比，比较了

in the lives of these three women

发生在这三位女性人生中的事情，

and what we're seeing happening, you know,

当下我们亲眼所见正在发生的事情， 新闻里播报的那些，

play out in the news today

or have seen happen at other moments in history during their lives.

或曾目睹过的，发生在她们 人生的其他时刻的历史事件。

And you know, I'm curious to hear how you think

我很好奇，想要听听你的想法，

writing this book changed your perspective

写这本书如何改变了 你对当代母亲经历的看法。

on the experiences of mothers currently,

just how you think about motherhood today.

你如何看待当代的母亲身份。

AMT: Yeah, this is something that I already knew was an issue.

安娜：我知道这会是个问题。

Going back to my mom, she would always say,

当我回到母亲身边时， 她总是跟我说，

in every place that we travel to pay attention

无论去哪里旅行，都要注意 当地社会是如何对待女性的，

to how women are being treated in the society,

how mothers, very specifically, are being treated.

尤其是如何对待母亲的。

That is an indicator on how successful this community will be.

那标志着这个社区将来能有多成功。

And so I always carry that in the back of my mind,

所以我的脑中始终保留着这个想法。

I was always aware that, when I moved back to the US, for instance,

我一直都知道， 比如当我搬回美国的时候，

that we weren’t really giving mothers the support that they deserved;

我们没有给母亲应得的支持，

we certainly weren’t giving them the celebration that they deserve,

更不要说给她们应得的赞扬了。

and therefore the support was lacking.

给予母亲的支持远远不够，

And there was this lack of understanding

而且缺乏对母亲这个角色 重要性的理解。

around the critical importance of the role.

But in putting this book out there, and even doing the TED Talk

但是通过出版这本书， 甚至在TED演讲，

and speaking to so many different audiences around this,

和许许多多不同的观众为此交流,

it is a dire situation for mothers.

我发现对母亲们来说 这是一种极其可怕的情况。

And whether that's on a personal level,

从个人层面来讲，

where those who have come up to me and said,

许多母亲跟我说：

“I am the mom who feels unappreciated in my household right now.”

“我现在感觉在家里都不被重视。”

“I am the mom who feels unseen.”

“我感觉没人看得到我。”

To this national level of a crisis

这也是一种国家层面的危机，

where we are fighting for weeks of parental leave,

我们争取着几周长的育婴假，

mere weeks.

就只要几周。

This is ...

这真的是……

It’s upsetting,

令人苦恼不已，

and we should be embarrassed by that.

我们应该为此感到难堪。

These are things that should have been established by now,

这都是早该做好的事情。

and I really do -- and I say this in the TED Talk --

我在TED演讲中也说过， 我真心地希望，

I truly hope that within my lifetime,

在我有生之年，

we can usher in a shift that starts with first saying: “Mothers are essential.”

我们可以引领一种改变， 从说：“母亲至关重要”开始。

We need mothers to be supported

我们需要支持母亲，

because they are holding so much of our lives together,

因为是她们把我们的 生活凝聚在一起，

our society together.

把社会团结在一起。

Stay-at-home moms are performing some of the most important work in our country,

全职母亲正在为我们的国家 做着一些最重要的贡献，

and we are devaluing them.

但我们却在贬低她们。

And not only that, we are making them feel bad about what they are doing.

不仅如此，我们还让她们 对自己所做的事感到糟糕。

This really is an issue that more of us need to take on.

这真的是需要更多人去关注的问题。

Going back to that very first question,

回到最初的问题，

why this is an issue for everybody to care about.

为什么这是一个 所有人都应该关心的议题？

And it sounds obvious,

这听上去显而易见，

but we shouldn't have to say that if mothers are dying

如果母亲们在孕产妇 健康危机中命悬一线，

in a maternal health crisis --

one that is exacerbated for Black women --

这种情况对黑人女性而言正在恶化，

the Black maternal health crisis is alarming,

但我们不该说，黑人孕产妇 健康危机令人担忧，

but generally the maternal health crisis in the US is terrible.

因为总地来说，美国整体的 孕产妇健康危机都极其糟糕。

It shouldn't be this way.

这一切不应该是这样的。

Mothers of all races are dying more than they should be.

所有种族的母亲都在经历着这些， 而她们本不该是这样的。

We need to pay attention to that.

我们需要关注到这一点。

That's not only bad for mothers, obviously.

很明显，这不仅不利于母亲们，

It's not only bad for mothers

这不仅仅不利于母亲们，

if they have to walk away from their job during the pandemic

如果疫情期间， 因为没有人帮助，

because there were no supports in place to catch them.

母亲们不得不放弃工作。

It's not only bad for mothers

这不仅仅不利于母亲们，

if they have to choose between being a mother

如果她们必须在成为母亲

or making money for their family.

和赚钱养家之间做出选择。

That shouldn't be put on their shoulders.

这些不该是她们的负担。

There should be supports in place.

而应该存在相应的保障措施。

We should have affordable child care.

应该有上得起的托儿所。

We should have universal preschool.

应该有到处都是的幼儿园。

All of these things that impact mothers have ripple effects for the rest of us.

所有影响到母亲的事情 对我们其他人都会产生影响。

So, yes, it opened my eyes to just how alarming

所以，我的确对现在这种情况的

and how critical a situation we're currently in.

严重的程度感到震惊。

Even though, again, my mom raised me to know all of these things.

尽管我母亲在养育我时 就已经使我知晓了这些事情。

Through doing this work,

通过写这本书，

I’ve just now been kind of awoken to the need

我到现在才意识到，

for people to open their eyes right now.

人们现在有多需要看清情况。

WPR: M. Watson has a question that actually kind of piggybacks on this

惠特尼：M.沃特森提了一个问题， 正好和你所说的相关。

more than just thinking about how we can gain access to these stories,

除了思考如何了解到这些故事，

they want to know, you know,

他们想知道，

what do you feel is the most effective way we can, as a people,

你觉得，作为个人来说

我们如何做才能有效改变 人们对黑人女性的刻板印象呢？

change the narrative around Black women?

You know, if you have any specific examples

如果你有具体的例子，

which I know you share some in your talk,

就像你在TED演讲时分享的那些，

They ask,

他们问：“作为个人， 我如何参与其中呢？”

"How can I personally be involved in this work of changing this narrative?"

AMT: Great question, and there are levels to this.

安娜：非常棒的问题， 它涉及到很多层面。

I would say definitely understanding the history

我会说，你肯定要去了解历史。

of how Black women have been treated is very important.

了解历史上黑人女性的遭遇， 这一点非常重要。

So again, it's a shameless plug, but read the book.

所以，我要再一次厚脸皮地 宣传一下我的这本书。

I talk about not only these three women,

这本书不止有关三位女性，

but again many of the goals that I had,

还有许多其它的目的。

one of them also was to explain tropes

其中一个就是解释比喻词语。

like the mammy and the matriarch trope

比如“保姆”（mammy）”、 “女酋长”（matriarch）

and the Jezebel trope

“荡妇”（Jezebel）、

and the "welfare queen" and the strong Black woman trope.

“福利女王”（welfare queen）， 以及其它针对黑人女性的强烈比喻。

What all of these have meant in American history

这些词语在美国历史中意味着什么？

and what their intention was.

其背后的意图又是什么？

And that is to say that anything Black women were dealing with

它们把黑人女性所遭受的一切，

was their own fault.

归咎于她们自身。

That, with the mammy trope, that we didn't deserve necessarily

保姆这个词，

暗指我们不配在工作中获得酬劳。

to be compensated for work that we were doing,

that we deserved to stay within domestic work

我们就该从事家政劳动，

and that we shouldn't necessarily be paid what that work was worth

而且不应获得 与工作价值相符的酬劳。

because we liked it and we were happy to be the mammy.

因为我们喜欢做家务，喜欢当保姆。

The Aunt Jemima, who was smiling and wanted to do, you know,

就像杰迈玛阿姨（Aunt Jemimma），

wanted to serve her white family more than her own.

微笑着把她的白人主人 置于自己之上；

The matriarch trope that Black families have been separated from each other,

“女酋长”这个词是说 黑人们四散开来，

not because of systems that have made it so that --

不是由于大规模监禁，

you know, mass incarceration

or so many other things that I can mention,

或者许多其它体制问题造成的，

but instead because Black women were emasculating their men.

而是因为黑人女性 使她们的男人们变得柔弱。

Or the Jezebel trope that justified sexual violence against Black women

而“荡妇”这个词，则把针对 黑人女性的性暴力合理化。

because that's what Black women wanted,

因为黑人女性不知检点，

they were more promiscuous.

这就是她们想要的。

Even the "welfare queen,"

而“福利女王”意思是 黑人女性生孩子就是为了赚钱。

saying Black women are having children just to make money.

So you have to understand this is a very long,

所以你必须明白， 对于黑人女性来说，

ugly, painful history

这是一段漫长、丑陋 而且充满痛苦的历史，

that we are dealing with as Black women day in and day out.

是我们作为黑人女性 每天都要面对的事。

And when people don’t get

当人们无法明白 黑人女性身上的负担，

that those are the burdens we are holding,

years and centuries of being told that everything that's happening to you,

年复一年在几个世纪之久的时间里， 一直向你灌输这样的观点：

the pain you're going through, is because of you

你的一切不幸，都是你咎由自取，

and not because of policies we've voted for

跟我们投票赞成的政策无关，

or the ways in which we kept you from being elected

跟我们把你们排除在选举之外，

or even being able to run for office

不让你们参选， 也不让你们投票无关。

or even vote.

That's where it really begins.

但这才是一切的根源。

Take the time as much as you can to know how we've gotten to where it is right now

花尽可能多的时间去了解 我们的发展历程，

and then to really have a moment where you fully appreciate

然后，再花一些时间 去真正地、完整地领会

the incredible resistance of Black women

黑人女性了不起的韧性，

and the ways in which we've continued to create life,

以及我们持续创造生活的方式，

despite the ways that people have tried to rob it from us.

尽管人们试图将其从我们手中夺走。

And the vision behind what Black women have been able to accomplish,

去了解黑人女性 所获成就背后的愿景，

what they have imagined for this world

她们对这个世界的想象。

because we can't accept the situation as it is right now

因为我们无法接受当下的状况，

because that dehumanize us.

它剥夺了我们的人性。

But we have pushed this nation forward to our vision in incredible ways.

但是我们已经用了不起的方式 推动这个国家朝着我们的愿景前进。

It's not only Stacey Abrams in Georgia,

不仅是佐治亚州的史黛丝·亚伯兰，

it's a long, long history of Black women saying,

而是漫长的历史中， 来自黑人女性的宣告：

"We don't agree with the system as it is now.

“我们不赞同现有的体制。

So here is how we're going to help you see the world

所以这是从我们的角度出发， 帮助你们看清世界

and the possibilities from our perspective."

与发展可能的方式。”

And you look at American history from that angle,

如果你从这个角度纵观美国的历史，

and it is powerful.

会发现它充满力量。

There is nothing like it.

无可比拟。

And therefore, you better understand why we should elect more Black women,

因此，你能更清楚地明白， 为何应该推选更多的黑人女性，

why we should vote for them

为什么要支持她们，

to help usher our country and continue to do it.

来引领我们的国家继续前进。

But with even more support and even more backing,

会有更多的支持和帮助。

because without that backing, without that support,

因为没有那些支持和帮助，

when Black women have been erased and misrecognized, misrepresented,

当黑人女性被抹杀、 误解和歪曲的时候，

we have still created incredible change.

我们仍然实现了惊人的变革。

So now we're asking that we be heard,

现在我们要求被倾听，

we be listened to,

被听见，

and that our energy no longer be spent on explaining how we got here,

我们的力气不用再花在 解释我们如何走到这里上，

but instead on how we can do whatever is next and whatever is possible.

而是用在如何进行下一步， 去做任何可能的事上。

So it’s kind of a combination of try to learn our history,

这是一套组合拳， 包括学习我们的历史，

support us as leaders,

支持我们成为领导者，

put those tools in our hands as much as possible.

以及将尽可能多的工具 交到我们的手中。

Trust us, hear us, believe us,

信任我们，聆听我们，相信我们，

and also stop wasting our time on the need to explain the extra

当我们可以独立完成工作时，

when that's work that we can do on our own.

别再浪费我们的时间做额外的解释。

That kind of brings me full circle to my research

说回到我的研究，

being around

I didn't reach out to the family until I'd done my part.

我完成研究之前， 没有跟家人联系过。

So, yeah, I mean, even attending a conversation like this

甚至像参加这样的谈话，

is part of doing your part, so kudos to you all.

你们也是在做力所能及的事啊，

所以，给你们点赞！

We're all real starting today.

我们都从今天开始努力。

WPR: And that's doing your part to sort to educate yourself

惠特尼：听起来是要进行自我教育，

on information that already exists out there, it sounds like.

去了解已经存在的信息。

Beyond what we could do individually to educate ourselves

除了个人能做的事情，例如自我教育

and make change in this space,

和做出改变之外，

what can we expect from our government

我们还能期待我们的政府

to do more on the national scale

在全国层面做些什么呢？

and even thinking globally?

甚至在全球范围内？

What are some things that you would like to see

你想要看到政府做到哪些事情，

so that we change the way that we, as a culture,

从文化层面

think about Black motherhood?

促使我们改变对黑人母亲的看法？

AMT: For this one,

安娜：针对这个问题，

because I'll give it quicker answer than I have in me,

我会给出一个比我心里想的 更短一些的回答，

because you can tell I like to talk, and I can go for a long time.

因为你们可能发现我太能侃了， 话匣子一打开就要说很久。

But in the book,

在这本书里，

the concluding chapter is entirely about what we need to do as a world

结尾的整个章节都是关于 世界需要做些什么的内容，

and what are the lessons that Alberta,

以及阿尔贝塔、布迪斯

Berdis and Louise’s lives are teaching us about our next steps forward

和路易斯的故事 教给我们的前进方向。

when it comes to policy, when it comes to --

说到政策，

actually even kind of the three-level layer

说到我想讨论的三个层面，

that I like to talk about,

which is the interpersonal level, is an important one.

其中人际交往是重要的一层。

The conversations that we're having with each other

我们之间的谈话，我们讲述的故事，

and the stories that we're telling,

when I, you know, in the TED Talk, a little snippet,

当我在TED演讲时， 有这么一小段，

where we have mothers who feel like they have to be selfless

谈到我们让母亲们觉得 她们必须得无私，

and that we celebrate mothers for being selfless.

并且我们会赞美母亲的无私。

So even around Mother's Day, we say to moms,

所以即使在母亲节， 我们对母亲说的都是：

"Thank you for sacrificing everything for me

“感谢您为我牺牲了一切，

and for putting yourself behind everybody."

将您自己摆在所有人的后面。”

And yes, a lot of mothers have done that,

的确，许多母亲都曾这样做过，

and certainly if they have, we should thank them for that.

而且我们应该为此感激她们。

But what we can start to do is shift that story and that thank you,

但我们可以从改变这个故事开始， 改变我们表达感谢的方式。

and say, "Thank you for doing everything you could do for us.

可以说：“谢谢您做了 能为我们做的一切。

And also thank you for still seeing yourself as a human being"

谢谢您依然将自己 视为一个平凡人。”

or "for representing yourself as a human with a full range of emotions,

或者：“谢谢您如此情感充沛。

and for teaching me about my first life lessons,

谢谢您教会我人生的第一课，

for being my first caretaker,

成为我的第一位守护者、 第一位领导和第一位老师。”

for being my first leader, for being my first teacher."

Those are things that I think more accurately represent mothering

我认为这些东西 才能更准确地代表母亲，

in a way that is sustainable for mothers.

才是对母亲来说“可持续”的。

Where mothers aren't going to burn out,

母亲们不再精疲力竭，

where we're not putting all of it on moms

我们不再将所有的责任 都推到母亲身上，

and then reiterating it by saying,

然后重复地说：“感谢您将自己 摆在所有人的后面。”

"Thank you for putting yourself behind everyone else."

So that's on like an interpersonal level.

这就是我所说的人际交往的层面。

I do think those conversations can make a huge difference

我确实认为，

在将母亲所想当成我们努力的目标， 以及我们想要感谢的事情方面，

in terms of what mothers are even thinking is the goal

of what we're trying to achieve

这些话能发挥巨大的作用。

and what we want to be thanked for.

The second level of that is, you know, in relationships,

第二个层面是关系，

even beyond our households ...

甚至是超越家庭的关系……

And I mean, like you said, in terms of Black motherhood,

我的意思是，像你所说的，

very specifically,

具体到黑人母亲，

this burden of putting our needs behind everyone,

这种将我们的需求 摆在所有人之后的负担，

I just did a piece for “New York” magazine on this

我最近刚刚为《纽约》杂志 写过关于这个话题的文章。

that that is further exacerbated for Black women

这种情况在黑人母亲身上更加严重，

because we have been seen as "the mothers" of a movement.

因为我们曾被视作 一项运动之母。

We're always like mothers of something much larger

我们总是成为一些大事件中的母亲，

and not just, like, mothers of our own children,

而不仅仅是我们孩子的母亲。

but this weight of what's placed upon us.

但这种加在我们身上的重担，

And specifically in this article,

具体到这篇文章中，

I'm focusing on mothers whose children have been killed,

我专注于那些孩子被杀害的母亲们，

whether by police officers or neighborhood vigilantes,

不论她们的孩子是被警察 还是被社区义务警员所杀，

and how in these moments,

在这些时刻，

instead of giving these moms the space to grieve,

这些母亲没空悼念死去的孩子，

we're asking them to do something for our entire country.

而是被要求为整个国家做出贡献。

You know, we ask them to speak to crowds,

我们要求她们当众讲话，

they run for office, which can be a part of their personal healing as well,

她们参与竞选， 作为个人疗愈的一部分，

but we interpret that as, look at what this Black woman is doing for all of us,

我们却把这些看作是 黑人女性为所有人做的事，

rather than us thinking about what is she going to do for her own healing,

而不去想她们能为疗愈自己、

for her own restoration?

修复自己做些什么？

So, that's kind of the extra layer to that.

这就是问题的另一层。

And then thinking about it on a national level,

然后，从国家层面来看，

what we're voting for,

我们投票时，

I think about what could have helped Alberta, Berdis and Louise

应该考虑能够帮助阿尔贝塔, 布迪斯和路易斯的事情，

and what we still need to this day right now.

以及我们直到今天仍旧需要的东西。

So to give a little bit more information on the women.

我再来说一点关于书中女性的情况。

Alberta King had to walk away from her job

阿尔贝塔·金被迫离开工作岗位，

because the law stated at the time

因为当时的法律

that married women were not allowed to teach,

不允许已婚妇女教书，

and she'd always had this dream of being an educator.

尽管她一直怀揣着成为教师的梦想。

She had a bachelor's degree, she had a teaching certificate,

她拥有学士学位和教师资格证，

but when she met her husband,

但是当她遇到了她的丈夫，

she made the decision to start a family

决定组织家庭时，

because this was like, she had to make a decision.

她就不得不做出选择。

And even though that law, the marriage bar is not in place now,

尽管已婚妇女不能教书的规定 现在已经不存在，

what are the many ways in which we're pushing women and mothers

但是，还有哪些因素 会迫使女性和母亲

out of their jobs?

离开她们的工作岗位呢？

There are many that still exist, and we need to start addressing those.

仍然有太多这样的因素存在， 我们要开始设法解决。

These are just one example from each woman.

这些只是书中每一位女性 所处困境的冰山一角。

If we look at Berdis Baldwin,

再来说说布迪斯·鲍德温吧。

she was the victim of an abusive husband for years, years and years.

多年来，她一直遭受着丈夫的家暴。

And James Baldwin speaks about this often how abusive his stepfather was.

詹姆斯·鲍德温经常提到 他的继父有多暴力。

But she didn't have anyone she could really turn to

但是布迪斯没有任何人可以依靠，

because, especially in Black communities,

尤其在黑人社区，

we are so afraid of what might happen if we call a police officer

因为我们害怕报警之后 会有不好的事情发生。

and we have multiple examples of this

有好多这样的例子。

where we really needed help and intervention

当我们真的需要 警察的帮助和介入时，

and then somebody ends up being shot when they're called,

报警之后，却会被警察枪击，

when police officers are called to protect us.

尽管我们报警是为了 让警察来保护我们的。

So Berdis Baldwin was aware of this.

布迪斯·鲍德温对这种情况 再清楚不过了。

Her children had been harassed by police officers.

她的孩子就曾经被警察骚扰过。

James Baldwin tells a story of when he was pushed into an alley

詹姆斯·鲍德温曾说，

and he was maybe 11 years old and police officers searched him,

他大约11岁的时候， 曾被警察推入小巷搜查。

they were looking for someone,

他们当时在找人，于是搜查后

and just left him there on his own, this little boy.

就把当时还是个 小男孩的他扔在了小巷。

So she's not going to call them to help her in this situation.

所以布迪斯不会通过报警 来解决她的困境。

So she just endures this abuse all on her own.

她只能自己默默忍受家暴。

So what are systems we can think about

所以，我们可以考虑一些报警机制。

in terms of should there be other people we can call

除了警察之外， 我们是否可以向其他人求助？

who are not police officers?

Should there be, you know,

社会工作者出现之后， 是不是还可以有更多的支持？

more support even for social workers that could come out?

That's something to think about and to reflect on.

这些都是需要思考和反省的地方。

And then as an example for Louise Little,

路易斯·里特尔也有类似的经历。

I mean, all three of them have these different painful traumas

书中的三位女性经历过不同的创伤。

that they experience.

And for Louise, one of the major ones

对于路易斯来说， 其中最主要的的一件事，

is that she is put in an institution against her will for 25 years of her life

是她曾被迫被送入 收容所长达25年。

because she was this activist, radical activist,

这是因为她是一位激进的活动家，

who spoke up against white supremacy,

为反抗白人至上发言，

who stands and faces-off with the KKK, literally.

正面对抗三K党。

And a white male physician was sent to her house to evaluate her

在她的的丈夫被谋杀后， 一位白人男性医生曾去她家

after her husband had been murdered.

对她进行心理评估。

And he concludes that she's experiencing dementia.

他总结说，路易斯有痴呆症。

And in his doctor's note, he says that she is, quote,

在他的诊断说明里， 他这样形容路易斯：

"imagining being discriminated against."

她“想象自己遭受了种族歧视。”

"Imagining being discriminated against"

“想象自己遭受了种族歧视”，

as a Black woman,

对于一位黑人女性，

Black immigrant woman living in the Midwest,

一位住在中西部的黑人女性移民，

and that is enough to put her away in an institution against her will.

这就已经足够违背她的意愿， 把她强行送入收容所了。

So in terms of us thinking about the biases

想一想黑人女性遭受的偏见，

that Black women are facing when they don't ask for help, even,

甚至当她们没有寻求帮助时，

and people just decide they're going to come in and evaluate them,

人们都可以径直闯入她们的家， 对她们进行心理评估。

especially even when they do, that they're going to be misunderstood,

那么当她们真的寻求帮助时， 她们还是会被误解，

that they're going to be told they're imagining things,

或者被告知一切都是 她们自己想象的。

these are things we need to address.

这些都是我们需要解决的问题。

So we also have to do an evaluation of our health care systems

我们还需要对我们的医疗保健系统，

and the biases that still exist.

以及其中存在的偏见进行评估。

So it's kind of like this endless list,

这类的事情简直数不胜数，

and I definitely don't want to end on such a heavy and hard note.

但我也实在不想 以沉重和艰难的基调收尾。

But in that concluding chapter,

所以，书的最后一个章节，

it's called "Our Lives Will Not Be Erased,"

叫作“我们的生活不会被抹去”。

that's where I go with it, is policy,

这是一个关于政策的章节， 写了我们可以做些什么。

and what we can do.

Kind of, some tangible next steps.

一些明确的下一步措施。

WPR: Well, I think that's so important and so valuable.

惠特尼：我觉得那是 非常重要而且有价值的。

And to your point of not ending in such a heavy place, you know,

像你所说的， 不要以沉重的基调结尾。

I guess, how do you feel, though, about the progress we are making?

那么你对我们目前 取得的进展有什么看法？

M. Watson asks, do you feel

M. 沃特森问：

that the Black women narrative is progressing?

“你觉得人们对黑人女性的 看法有改善吗？”

AMT: I am an optimist,

安娜：我是一个乐观主义者。

and I often say that my optimism lies in this incredible activism

我经常说，我的乐观存在于黑人女性

that Black women have held for so long

长期以来了不起的行动主义，

and we continue to envision new realities for this world.

以及我们对新世界持续不断的期许。

And that makes me really hopeful.

这些都让我充满希望。

To study Alberta, Berdis and Louise, who again, it's not ancient history.

我要再一次重申， 研究阿尔贝塔、布迪斯和路易斯，

并不是在研究古老的历史。

Berdis passed away in 1999,

布迪斯去世于1999年。

Louise passed away in 1991.

路易斯去世于1991年。

So this isn't like ancient ancient history,

所以，这些并不是古老的历史。

but they did face a lot of things that I no longer face

但是她们的确面对了许多 我如今不再需要面对的事情。

as a result of their work

这都是她们努力的成果，

and a result of what they were able to accomplish

and how they taught their children to accomplish these things

她们教导自己的孩子 去实现这些事情，改变这个世界。

and change the world.

So I'm not the kind of person who thinks we are stuck

我不认为我们会停滞不前，

and there is no forward progress that we've made.

不认为我们没有取得任何进步。

I feel like that would be really disrespectful to them if I felt that way

我觉得，如果我这样认为， 才是对她们真正的不尊重。

because they gave as much as they could to that progression,

因为她们为了进步， 奉献了她们能付出的所有，

and it's my turn to carry that forward as well.

现在是时候换我来继续前进了。

But what I do hope is that more people join us in this

但是我真心希望更多的人参与其中，

and that Black women are not continuing to have to do this on our own.

这样黑人女性就不再孤立无援。

That more people will be aware of history,

我希望更多的人了解历史，

I sound like a broken record,

我好像一直在重复。

but be aware of history so that we can move forward

但了解了历史，我们才会进步，

and fight anything that tries to keep us from telling accurate

才会去反抗任何试图阻止我们

and full representations of our country's history.

准确完整地叙述 我们国家历史的事情。

Because I think if we're aware of it, then we won't want to repeat it.

因为我认为，如果我们了解了历史， 就不会想要重蹈覆撤，

And we have more people who will want to be allies in this fight.

就会有更多的人成为 我们的盟友，加入这场斗争。

And in my contribution to this,

在我所能做出的贡献里，

I'm just hoping I'm giving more of us tools to join the conversation

我只是希望 我为大家提供了加入对话，

and think about how we can carry it forward.

并思考如何继续前行的工具。

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